Political Principles Research Articles

Principles of Politeness in Balinese Speech

A good communication is reflected in the use of good and appropriate language. Politeness in a language is an important thing that needs to be considered in communication. However, often the problem of politeness in language becomes an obstacle for the younger generation in using Balinese. For that reason, a research on politeness in language related to the use of good and appropriate language in using Balinese is very important to do. Data of this research is written data of Balinese folklore. To obtain good research results, the data collection method applied in this study is the observation method with the help of notes. The data analysis used matching and distributional methods with intralingual and extralingual techniques. The data was analyzed referring to the view that living language (used orally and in writing) represents facts about nature, society and culture that exist in its environment so that in addition to being a social fact, language is also a record of natural facts as a sign of the relationship between humans and their natural environment. This study shows that the principle of politeness includes the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation. Related to the two principles, the forms of compliance with the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation, the forms of violations of the two principles, and the reasons why violations of the two principles of politeness can occur are studied.

A Discourse Analysis Study of the Chairman of the CCP’s Cultural Thought from a Corpus Perspective

The paper employs corpus technology and discourse analysis techniques to do a quantitative linguistic analysis of the keywords, semantic domains, and high-frequency collocations in the discourse of the chairman of the CCP’s cultural thoughts. According to the research, the chairman of the CCP’s cultural thought discourse is primarily focused on the domains of “people”, “China”, “culture”, and “socialism”, which together represent four key semantic features. These include a positive and resolute attitude towards cultural construction, a focus on upholding socialist political principles and stance, fostering socialist cultural self-confidence, and emphasizing the people-centered core idea. This paper offers reliable data support and a fresh research viewpoint to enhance further the comprehensive understanding and depth of comprehension of the chairman of the CCP’s cultural thought.

Socio-Pragmatic Insights into Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun

The present study focuses on a socio-pragmatic perspective within Discourse Analysis. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Grice’s Cooperative Principles (1975), Conversational Implicatures (Levinson, 1983, 2000), and Politeness Principles (Levinson, 1978; Leech, 1983), it examines five selected excerpts from Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun to illuminate the varying strategies through which interlocutors navigate language according to shifting conversational contexts. Following a systematic corpus selection process, the quantitative analysis and interpretation of findings reveal how characters work cooperatively to achieve mutual understanding within conversations, often generating different implicatures. The findings suggest that an utterance’s conversational significance is shaped entirely by its specific context of use. Consequently, this study underscores the essential recommendation that, for effective communication, conversational participants must attentively utilize contextual cues to construct and interpret utterances’ ad hoc conversational values, thereby fostering mutual understanding and common ground.

An Analysis of Maxim of Politeness Principle in Joe Rogan Experience Podcast

This study aims to find out the type of maxim and the most dominant maxim of politeness principle in the Joe Rogan Experience Podcast. This study was compiled using a qualitative descriptive research method. The data of the study is the maxim of politeness principle in the transcript of the podcast Miley Cyrus and Joe Rogan. The author ’s data source is from the “Youtube” Joe Rogan Experience Podcast. The number of data in this research is 60 data. The instrument of collecting data in this research was supported by observing the trancript of Joe Rogan Experience and Miley Cyrus to analyze the maxim of politeness principle and documentation from the video on Youtube from the Joe Rogan Experience Podcast. From the research that has been done, it was found that there is a difference in percentage between the 6 types maxim of politeness Principle. Tact maxim data with a percentage of 28,33%, Approbation maxim data with a percentage of 8,33%, Generosity Maxim data with a percentage of 8,33%, Modesty Maxim data with a percentage of 18,33%, Sympathy Maxim data with a percentage of 1,7%, Agreement Maxim data with a percentage 35%. So, it can be concluded that the results showed that Agreement Maxim is the most dominant type maxim of politeness principle in the podcast of “Joe Rogan Experience". Agreement Maxim is minimize disagreement between self and other, maximize agreement between self and other.

Participación política de la mujer en los Andes

The women of the Andes serve as a testament to resilience and fortitude in the face of constraints imposed by social structures and stereotypes. The objective of this study is to analyze the narratives employed by women leaders regarding women’s political participation in the Andes. A qualitative methodology based on a hermeneutic-dialogical foundation was employed, whereby eight women of andean altiplano origin were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. The questions addressed the following categories: the right to be elected, the role of women in political participation, and the obstacles faced by women in the political environment. As a result, a number of emerging subcategories were identified, including gender participatory democracy, the evolution of female political principles, the characteristics of a female leader, the socio-political aspects of women, the marginalization of women, the transition to female management, gender-related obstacles, and female vindication. These subcategories provide insight into the challenges faced by women in the struggle against sexual harassment, gender-based violence, and all forms of discrimination. They highlight the need for the development of inclusive and ethical systems that promote the rights of the gender in question.

KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM KOMENTAR AKUN INSTAGRAM “BAWASLU RI” SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR TEKS ANEKDOT KELAS X

Language is a communication tool that one can use to convey their feelings and desires. Therefore, language functions as a tool to convey what is implied in one's mind. In the context of showing awareness of the dignity of others in language, either directly or indirectly, is known as language politeness. there is a violation and compliance of the principle of politeness or courtesy in a comment. Where at the time of commenting, the speaker feels free to give an utterance of positive or negative criticism. In giving an utterance must pay attention to the principles of conversation. The qualitative approach applied in this study emphasizes an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The data obtained are not in the form of numbers, but words that reflect the thoughts and experiences of the subject. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive method. Based on the contextual research that refers to analysis, what is meant by descriptive in this research is the description of the objectives and formulation of the problem of how the principles of language politeness in the comments of Bawasli RI's Instagram account involve pragmatic theory from the study of the principles of language politeness according to Leech. The results of this study include two things that are in accordance with the formulation of the problem and the objectives of the research discussed, namely 1) The form of adherence to the principle of politeness is.

Tolerance before Secularism: Models of Tolerance in Nineteenth-Century Arabic

By analyzing temporal language, this study investigates the intellectual origins and the conceptual history of three concepts of tolerance that emerged in the Arabic context towards the end of the 19th century. The first is a philosophical concept that has evolved within the philosophical-rational tradition and has connections to the Enlightenment and liberalism. The second is a theological concept that advocates for a harmonious interpretation of all monotheistic religions based on the assumption that all monotheistic scriptures are true. The third is a legal Islamic concept that aims to preserve the traditional imperial and hierarchical Islamic system while addressing contemporary concerns related to citizenship and political affiliation. Tolerance is frequently examined within the research framework on secularity and secularism. Before secularism emerged as a holistic doctrine in Arabic (ʿalmāniyya), discussions surrounding tolerance were closely linked to societal and political principles, including civil equality, freedom of conscience, and the neutrality of religion in the public domain.

Kesantunan dalam Tindak Tutur Melalui Kotowaza: Kajian Pragmatik

This research focuses on politeness in speech acts through kotowaza (Japanese proverbs). The principle of politeness is needed for daily activities, especially in interacting with other people. Kotowaza is a tool used to convey sarcasm, warnings, warnings, notifications, advice, and even parables consisting of a series of beautiful words. Kotowaza is conveyed implicitly. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Researchers limit kotowaza to animal elements in Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten. The data collection technique was carried out using note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the analysis was carried out using pragmatic studies by observing the principles of politeness according to Leech. Based on the results of the analysis, there are 15 dialogues with animal element kotowaza speech acts in Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten. In this data, 10 dialogues have polite speech acts and 5 dialogues violate politeness principles. Politeness is important in communication. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of maxims in the context of speech acts.

Kesantunan Berbahasa Prabowo Subianto pada Closing Statement Debat Capres 2024

Language politeness is one of the crucial issues, especially by public figures in public spaces. This is because he is a role model for the general public. Moreover, a public figure who wants to become the number one person in Indonesia. This research examines language politeness from the perspective of Leech's politeness maxims. The purpose of this study is to describe the language politeness practiced by Prabowo Subianto in the closing statement of the 2024 presidential candidate debate. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive method. The data collection method uses tapping, listening, and recording techniques. Based on the data, out of 25 sentences in the closing statement, 20 or 80% of the identified data fulfill the principles of politeness. While 20% are neutral. Based on the main ideas, out of 10 main ideas, there are 8 or 80% of them are identified as polite speech, while 2 or 20% of the main ideas are neutral. Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, there are six forms of politeness shown in the speech, namely tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, sympath maxim.

Tindak Tutur Asertif dalam Naskah Nota Pembelaan: Pendekatan Linguistik Korpus

This research is motivated by the use of language in communicating using speech that expresses the truth. This research aims to describe (1) the characteristics of each type of assertive speech act in the defense note text and (2) the politeness principles of assertive speech acts in the defense note text. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The research data is in the form of sentences conveyed in the text of the defense note in the criminal trial for the murder of Brigadier Yoshua Hutabarat, including Ferdy Sambo, Kuat Ma'ruf, Putri Candrawathi, Richard Eliezer, and Ricky Rizal. Data collection in this research used free, interactive listening using the KORTARA application. The data analysis technique used is computational linguistics in accordance with the corpus processing application used. Based on the research results, it was found that, first, the types of assertive speech acts, namely stating, informing, complaining, reporting, and suggesting. Second, the principles of politeness in assertive speech acts, namely the maxims of simplicity, wisdom, respect, consensus and sympathy.

Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Acara Talkshow “Talkpod”

This research aims to describe; (1) forms of compliance with the principles of language politeness on the "Talkpod" talkshow, (2) forms of violation of the principles of language politeness on the "Talkpod" talkshow. This research takes data in the form of speech from hosts and guest stars which contain forms of compliance and violations of language politeness in the "Talkpod" program. This research data collection technique uses listening, note-taking and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique for this research uses techniques expressed by Sugiyono (2018) in the form of data reduction, data presentation and verification stages. The results of this research found forms of compliance and violations of language politeness in the "Talkpod" talkshow. There were 21 data on language politeness compliance in the talkshow, consisting of 5 data on compliance with the maxim of wisdom, 1 data on compliance with the maxim of generosity, 6 data on compliance with the maxim of praise, 3 data on compliance with the maxim of humility, 3 data on compliance with the maxim of agreement, and 3 data on compliance with the maxim of sympathy. There were 17 data on violations of language politeness, consisting of 1 data on violations of the maxim of wisdom, 1 data on violations of the maxim of generosity, 5 data on violations of the maxim of praise, 3 data on violations of the maxim of humility, 4 data on violations of the maxim of agreement, and 3 data on violations of the maxim of sympathy.

Language Politeness of Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates 2024-2029 Period in Campaign Impressions on TikTok Social Media

To attract public attention, presidential and vice-presidential candidates conduct campaign activities as a form of introduction and delivery of their work programs through 'sweet message and promise'. In delivering these messages, intentionally or unintentionally, sometimes the candidates use language that is less polite. This is interesting to study from the aspect of politeness. Therefore, the researchers were interested in examining the language politeness This research was conducted using descriptive research approach. The theory used was Leech's politeness principle. The research data were in the form of expressions containing the maxims of politeness sourced from TikTok social media campaign showed and obtained using documentation techniques with the instrument of documentation study guidelines. Then, the data were processed using the extra lingual pairing method. From the results of the study, it is concluded that the maxim of generosity is the most widely used maxim in the campaign for the election of the president and vice president of Indonesia for the 2024 elections. Through the use of this maxim, candidates try to humble themselves in the hope of gaining public sympathy so as to get a lot of votes and win the contestation. The contemporary context, the specific application of politeness theory to political campaigns on a modern social media platform became the novelty of this study. By pursuing these avenues, future researchers can deepen the understanding of political communication strategies and their effects on the electorate.

Biometric Voting Integrated with Islamic Political Principles: to Enhance Democracy in Bangladesh's E-Voting System

Biometric Voting Integrated with Islamic Political Principles: to Enhance Democracy in Bangladesh's E-Voting System

A Socio-cognitive Discourse Analysis of Expats’ Construction of COVID-19 Pandemic

This study employed socio-cognitive discourse analysis to examine interviews with expatriates in China and explore how their cognitive discourse regarding collectivism amid the COVID-19 pandemic was formed. It revealed that the discursive strategies that the expats adopted to address disparities in values included reframing and de-ideologization. Additionally, the context model was introduced to investigate the process of how the interviewees’ social memories evolved into discourse, further unveiling the significance of intercultural communication elements in context, such as the politeness principle and intercultural ethics.

ZIYO GO‘KALPNING “TO‘G‘RI YO‘L” ASARIDA IJTIMOIY VA SIYOSIY TAMOYILLAR

This article is devoted to the analysis of the social and political principles presented in the work “The Right Way” (To‘g‘ri yo‘l) by the famous Turkish philosopher Ziya Gokalp, in which the social, economic, spiritual and political problems of the 20th century analyzed. Also, the article reveals the significance of Ziya Gokalp's socio-philosophical tendencies in solving problems specific to society.

Language Politeness as a Foundation for Ethical and Moral Development Among Islamic Elementary School Students

The principles of politeness are fundamental to understanding ethical and moral behavior. This study explores the principles of politeness, as manifested in maxims, and the ethics and morals of students at Islamic Elementary School. The method used in providing data is the Listen method with Dasar Sadap techniques with Simak, Bebas, Libat Cakap (SBLC) technique. Data was obtained from 25 students' oral and written speech. The oral speech data was collected by dialogue using a recorder and transcript. Then, written speech data was taken from the transcript of the message. The research uses a pragmatic theoretical approach, especially the principles of language politeness (Leech, 1983). The data analyzed uses the collection method with Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) technique. This technique divided data directly into the theory, although the results of the research show that the language use of Nurul Islam students does not violate the principles of politeness. In that sense, students' speech is classified as using polite language, which is manifested in the form of (1) the maxim of wisdom (tact maxim), (2) maxim of generosity or generosity (generosity maxim), (3) maxim of acceptance or praise or appreciation (approbation maxim), (4) humility or simplicity maxim (5) agreement maxim, (6) sympathy maxim. These maxims shape student ethics and morals in the midst of rapidly increasing technological developments through the language conveyed in the interactions carried out. Thus, this research contains the politeness principle Islamic Elementary School Studets used. Social media do not influence the language used of politeness principle, although the research still has the potential to be studied in more depth regarding the principles of politeness from different perspectives and objects in rapid technological advancements.

Armenian interpretations of Kemalism: rethinking diaspora and soviet intellectual debates in the 1920s

ABSTRACT In the 1920s and 1930s, the world closely observed the evolution of the Kemalist system of ideological and political principles. In recent years, there has been a surge in scholarly interest towards the transnational history of Kemalism. Research on Soviet, Middle Eastern, and European perspectives has enriched the study of Kemalism and expanded its boundaries. This article examines the Armenian perspectives and interpretations of Kemalism. It also investigates the main differences between the Soviet and Diaspora Armenian interpretations of Kemalism and the sources influencing their diverging perspectives.

Implikatur Percakapan dalam Film “Hati Suhita” Adaptasi Novel Karya Khilma Anis

The film “Hati Suhita” released in 2023 is an adaptation of the novel by Khilma Anis. Because it is set in an Islamic boarding school causes the film to have dialogues that are thick with politeness. However, this does not deny that the film also contains conversational implicatures. The aim of this study is to describe the forms of conversational implicatures found in the film “Hati Suhita” and explain how the process of violating the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness can cause the emergence of implicatures. This study uses two approaches, namely a theoretical approach with pragmatic studies and a qualitative descriptive approach as a methodological approach. The data collection method uses the listening method with advanced techniques, namely the proficient free-involved listening technique and note-taking technique. Based on the 736 speech data from the film “Hati Suhita”, 63 speeches containing conversational implicature were found. The details of the implicature are 26 implicatures caused by the violation of cooperation principle and 37 implicatures caused by the violation of politeness principle. The thimble violation that creates the most implicature in the film is the violation of the thimble of agreement maxim. In addition, no violations of the thimble of modesty maxim and the thimble of obligation of S to O maxim were found in the analyzed data. Hopefully, this research can reveal the implied meanings in the dialogue between the characters in the film Hati Suhita.

Tingkat Kesantunan Berbahasa Mahasiswa Universitas PGRI Palembang di Lingkungan Kampus

The problem in this research is how the principles of language politeness are found in the speech of PGRI Palembang University students and how the language politeness of PGRI University Palembang students is based on the level of pragmatic parameters. This research aims to find out and describe the principles of language politeness found in the speech of PGRI Palembang University students and to find out and describe how language politeness of PGRI University Palembang students is based on the level of pragmatic parameters. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection technique used is the observation and documentation method. The research results that researchers obtained from the speech of PGRI Palembang University students in the campus environment, found that the speech of PGRI Palembang University students in the campus environment contained the principles of language politeness and a language politeness scale based on the level of pragmatic parameters.

The Significance of the Mean in the “Wuji” Section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

Abstract The “Wuji” section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips offers great insight into the pre- modern Chinese philosophical landscape. At the heart of this section lies the concept of zhong (mean), which is intricately woven into the fabric of the tiandao (the way of Heaven) and the rendao (the way of man). This concept is reflected in the “wuji” and the “wude,” embodying the pinnacle of political principles and the ideal outcome of governance. The notion of the mean transcends traditional Confucian values such as zhong (loyalty) and xin (trustworthiness), encompassing qualities of centrality, equality, justice, impartiality, and abundance. It is revered as an absolute and sacred principle, serving as both a coveted goal and the most effective means to achieve it. To fully grasp the implications of “the mean” in the “Wuji” section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, a fresh examination of received texts such as the Yizhoushu, Analects, Guanzi, and Heguanzi, as well as excavated texts like the “Baoxun” and “Xinshi weizhong” of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, and the Huangdi sijing of the Mawangdui Silk Texts, is warranted.