Party Political Ideology Research Articles

A Study of the Influence of Religious and Nationalist-Based Political Parties in the Compilation of Legal Products Based on Legal Regulations

The ideology of political parties is divided into four categories: parties with Islamic ideology, secular nationalist ideology, religious nationalist ideology, and parties with Christian ideology. The regeneration process will bring out prospective leaders who have been tested in carrying out organisational work or society, and then the emerging decisions will be directed at achieving the goals of the country. These party cadres make a reflection of political parties related to ideology, which is expected to make policies in accordance with ideology, through being regional leaders. The research method used is sociological juridical with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach to obtain the answers to the problems studied, supported by secondary data and other data. When referring to the party principles owned by each political party, in general, political parties are based on three ideologies: Islam, Nationalism and Democratic Socialism. Political parties have an obligation to be able to build their own capacity; therefore, they have sufficient capability to fulfill what has been mandated by law. The fading of ideology has weakened the ties between political parties and their members, which in turn has resulted in the weakness of organisational networks. This condition leads the political parties to face an extreme dilemma. The way to collect party funds is by making policies that benefit certain parties. However, with transactional politics, the policies taken are not pro-people. The importance of the party's stand in policymaking is marked by their close relationship with elected and appointed political officials. For this reason, the party can see its role and influence in public policy using organisational theory. This fact shows that political parties are a more powerful element in the policy-making process than they should be.

Undermining liberal international organizations from within: Evidence from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

AbstractInternational organizations promoting democratic governance and human rights are increasingly challenged by some of their own member states. To better understand this dynamic, we propose a distinction between the illiberal ideology of political parties and their regime environment, aiming to examine the international behavior of actors extending beyond autocratic governments. We argue that the domestic regime environment plays a pivotal role in influencing the extent to which illiberal parties engage in contestation to undermine liberal norms on the international stage. We expect contestation behavior to be primarily driven by illiberal parties seeking to diminish the influence of liberal international politics on domestic power structures. Moreover, we contend that government participation moderates illiberal parties’ contestation behavior. To test our expectations empirically, we study roll call votes in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), one of the most powerful international parliaments promoting liberal values. Drawing on an original dataset that records approximately 500,000 individual votes cast in PACE decisions, we find evidence for substantive contestation by illiberal parties, especially those representing illiberal regimes. Only illiberal governments in liberal systems moderate themselves at the amendment stage. Our study has implications for the potential threat that emerging illiberal actors pose to international liberal institutions.

Mekanisme Pembubaran Partai Politik: Perbandingan Indonesia dan Turki

Political parties are not sacred, so they can be dissolved according to the provisions of the applicable laws. The mechanism for dissolving political parties in each country is certainly different. So this research aims to examine the differences in mechanisms for the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia and Turkey. This research is legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this research show that the mechanism for dissolving political parties in Indonesia and Turkey is both submitted to the Constitutional Court. Still, specifically for Turkey, it must go through the Court of Cassation first. The applicant who can apply for the dissolution of a political party in Indonesia is the Government which can be represented by the Attorney General and/or the Minister assigned by the President while in Turkey the person who can apply is the Chief Public Prosecutor. The reasons for the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia are because (i) the ideology, principles, objectives, and programs of political parties conflict with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; (ii) carrying out activities that endanger the integrity and safety of the Republic of Indonesia; and (iii) adhere to, develop and spread the teachings or understanding of communism/Marxism-Leninism. Meanwhile, the reasons for the dissolution of political parties in Turkey are: (i) the statutes and programs, as well as the activities of political parties be contrary to the independence of the State, its indivisible integrity with its territory and nation, human rights, the principles of equality and rule of law, sovereignty of the nation, the principles of the democratic and secular republic; (ii) aim to promote or establish class or group dictatorship or dictatorship of any kind, nor shall they incite citizens to crime; and (iii) receive financial assistance from abroad.

Religious Ideology and Clientelist Linkage in the Middle East and North Africa

The literature on clientelism, the informal exchange of benefits for political support, has proliferated over the last three decades. However, the existing literature largely ignores the role of religion in shaping clientelism in contemporary politics. In particular, few attempts have been made to explore the relationship between religious ideology and clientelism at the party level: How does political parties’ religious ideology impact their clientelist linkages with citizens? This study uses cross-national data of parties in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) from the V-Party database (1970–2019) to answer this question. Our findings reveal that religious parties are more clientelist than secular parties in the MENA. Particularly, parties’ ties with social organizations mediate the relationship between religious ideology and clientelism. This study extends the literature on the impact of religion on informal political institutions by focusing on the ideology and linkage strategy of political parties in the MENA.

DOES IDEOLOGY (STILL) MATTER? YOUTH VOTERS BEHAVIOR ANAYLISIS AT THE NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE ELECTION IN GATAK DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA

This study aims to determine the characteristics and analyze the behavior of youth voters in the 2019 legislative general election (DPR) in Gatak District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The method used is a mixed method. The population is youth voters aged 20-24 years and the number of samples is 97 voters determined by the Slovin formula and selected using a simple random technique. Test the validity of the questionnaire using the Guttman scale. In addition, this study also used semi-structured interviews with nine selected informants. Secondary data is also used to complete the analysis, such as: reports, scientific writings, and news. This study found that based on the typology, youth voters in Gatak District tended to be rational, not traditional, not skeptical, however, they tend not to be critical voters, especially on two indicators related to attachment to the ideology of political parties and their legislative candidates. Based on these results, it is concluded that the preferences of youth voters towards parties and candidates are more policy problem solving oriented than ideological orientations.

Political party ideology in Zambia: comparing the PF and the UPND on social welfare policies

AbstractThis paper challenges existing analyses of party cleavages in Sub-Saharan Africa which over-emphasise the centrality of ethnicity. Parties express ideological positions that reflect the socio-economic interests of specific regions, which, especially in Zambia, coincide with particular ethnic groups. We demonstrate this through an examination of party manifestos, policy documents and semi-structured interviews with members of two political parties in Zambia – the Patriotic Front and the United Party for National Development. These parties express clear normative ideas about social welfare, especially the role of the state in providing social assistance to the poorest. These ideological positions reflect the socio-economic interests of the ethnic groups and regions where support for each party is dominant. These are shaped by the ways in which these regions were historically incorporated into the colonial economy. In order to gain a better understanding of African politics, ethnicity must be conceptualised as a socio-cultural construct and situated historically.

Gender equality policies in Turkey’s opposition municipalities: factors that impact policy-making according to gender advocates

ABSTRACT The article explores gender equality policy processes in Turkey’s opposition-controlled municipalities faced with a national government that has an anti-gender equality stance in an authoritarian populist context. Based on interview data and documentary review, we identify four factors that facilitate and hinder gender equality policies and argue that the interaction between political party ideology and mayors’ individual perceptions creates spaces for gender mainstreaming processes in which gender experts play a key role. Gender mainstreaming plays an enabling role by improving policy capacity, diffusing gender awareness and in some cases changing politicians’ perceptions of electoral prospects; however, adversarial inter-governmental interactions hinder transformative actions although the latter carry the potential for future politicisation in feminist terms.

Mekanisme Dua Wajah Kekuasaan Terhadap Ideologi 212

The two-face mechanism that originated from the 212 Islamic defense action movement in the country. The so-called two faces, namely religion and political parties of government, have the power to defend the country because of blasphemy by political figures. The act of defending Islam was carried out because of the dissemination of a video from a figure of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) by issuing the contents of a verse from the Qur'an surah Al-Maidah 51. He called for any religion other than Islam to be made a leader and that the clerics had been deemed a lie by ahok. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand how political games are developed on the mechanism of the face of power against ideology 212 especially in the case of the 2019 gubernatorial election party democracy and the 212 Islamic defense action. The method used with descriptive analytical research methods, methods are compiled based on an overview related to the analysis of power within the ideology of political parties and Islamic groups. The result of this study is the mechanism of political parties and Islamic groups against the ideology of 212 which is shaded by clerical figures by providing motivational intake to the public to follow up on the desecration of Qur'anic verses. The mechanism is based on the steps of interpreting by forming a drive from the MUI. If the cleric has given an opinion and decision regarding blasphemy and must be tried, the government must also participate in that opinion. That means the majority of religious groups are still proportional to the political power in the country's governing chamber. As for the ethics of Islamic parties and groups in the ideology of islamic defense action 212 is grown because the country must come out of polemics of misrepresentation, misleading and outside government rules. Ethics is concerned with morals. The goal is to maintain religious unity in Indonesia. In conclusion, because of the emergence of blasphemy, seeds of disillusionment with other religions have emerged accusing each other and justifying what is going on. The latter relates to the role and function of Islamic religious parties and groups towards the 212 Islamic defense action,as we know the blasphemy problem resulted from the dissemination of videos in 2016 and resurfaced in 2019 where the year was in the heat of the governorship election. Many of the parties and religious groups even beyond that played their part so that the dispute became big. The time parameter from the upload of the video to the governor's election is five years, and it shouldn't have reaped polemics. However, because in 2019 a new election was held in Jakarta, a lot of people usedthe object as a political game, and flocked to appreciate the public to join and give a function in speaking out. Keywords: Political Parties, Islamic Groups, Defending Action 212 and Political Power

Comparative Analysis of Ideological Platforms of Political Parties (on the Example of the West vs. East Germans in the Cold War)

The paper considers the problem of the ideological platforms (ideologies) of political parties as a key factor in the political struggle in the confrontation’s example between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the cold war period. The author characterizes ideology in the most general form and political ideology as its variety, presents a classification of the latter depending on socio-political paradigms and methods for achieving political goals, and identifies the grounds for dividing political ideologies into right, left and centrist, and also refers to the functions and features political ideologies. Further, the paper shows a list of political parties of the FRG and the GDR that were active during the cold war. Also, the research reveals their ideological and theoretical foundations. In conclusion, the author concludes that the common ideological currents for both West and East Germans were Christian democracy and German nationalism, although de facto these views in the GDR were not implemented in the course of practical politics.

High School Students’ Attitudes towards Migrant Youth

The appearance of unaccompanied migrant minors in our communities and the impact they have had on Spanish society, and vice-versa, is a phenomenon of outstanding educational importance, as it has brought into public awareness issues such as child vulnerability and focused our attention on the legal, social and educational policies and resources that are meant to materialise an inclusive, democratic and just society. Around these young people, mainly from the Maghreb and therefore identified with Islam, society has created an image that serves to bolster many Islamophobic, xenophobic and racist discourses emanating from the media and the ideologies of Spanish far-right political parties. This is achieved by generalising the criminal conduct of some migrant youths, by depersonalising them as human beings and by linking news about them to vicarious emotions such as mistrust and the feeling of menace. Recognising the importance of this phenomenon, in this article we present the results of a study aiming to identify and analyse the main stereotypes, attitudes and prejudices that Barcelona secondary-school students have towards unaccompanied migrant minors (MENA in their Spanish initials). To this end a questionnaire based on the Overcoming Prejudice Scale (Etxeberria, Murua, Arrieta, Garmendia & Etxeberria, 2012) was administered. Our findings showed that high-school students hold certain prejudices and stereotypes that should be tackled in order to promote the integration and inclusion of unaccompanied migrant minors and to ensure a culture of peace among young people.

Political leaders with professional background in business and climate outcomes

The literature on how the ideology of political parties in power correlates with climate policy outcomes is abundant, but there is no similar literature for the individual characteristics of government leaders. This assessment is the first study of its kind, building on a dataset of government leaders of OECD countries for the period 1992–2017. We find that national presidents or prime ministers with a professional background in business are strongly correlated with bad climate mitigation outcomes. In particular, higher emissions and lower renewable energy deployment are more likely to occur during the tenure of former business people. Our results suggest that voters and pressure groups should pay attention to candidates’ professional backgrounds, in addition to their party’s ideology.

The Local Political Policies: The Dynamics of the Political Party Coalition in the Election Contestation of the Governor West Nusa Tenggara Province Indonesia

This paper analyzed political party coalitions in the 2018 West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Governor election. Research methods included in-depth interviews, observations, and review of documents. Analysis of data and information identified choice of political party coalition originated from distribution of political office positions and potential victory of political parties as two major factors in decision making. Analysis revealed in regional election contests consideration in choosing a political party coalition partner prioritizes pragmatic interest rather than the similarity of political party ideology.

An Anomaly in Political Recruitment: The Logic of Cross Candidacy in 2020 Jambi Provincial-Local Election

When political parties are more open in political recruitment, anomalies sometimes occur, as happened in the 2020 Jambi local election (Pilkada). Political parties nominated other party cadres as candidates and produce the phenomenon of cross candidacy. By conducting a document study in qualitative research, this article finds that cross candidacy occurs because the nomination system is not in line with the multi-party system and the proportional electoral system. In response, the rules of political parties have become more elastic. This phenomenon is also influenced by the dynamics between internal party actors at the regional level even though decision-making is ultimately centralized. Cross candidacy is also supported by the perception that the Pilkada takes place as a contestation of candidate figures rather than a representation of the ideology and platform of political parties.

The Ittifaq-el-Muslimin Party in the Russian Political System of the Early twentieth Century: Religious Aspects of Tatar Liberalism

The subject of this article is the activity of the political party "Ittifaq-el-Muslimin" - a Muslim liberal party, the majority of whose members consisted of representatives of the Tatar population of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Tatar liberalism, in whose ideology the question of religion occupied one of their main places, was formed in 1905 - 1906. Its formation is connected with the holding of illegal All-Russian Muslim congresses. Sadri Maksudi, Yusuf Akchura, Gayah Ishaki and M. Bigi were at the origins of this congress. The Ittifaq-el-Muslimin party was formed at the III illegal All-Russian Muslim Congress on the basis of the previously formed All-Russian Muslim Union. This article is devoted to the activities of the Muslim Liberal Party and the consideration of the role of state-confessional relation. The main contribution of the author to the study lies in the revealing of the history and the role of the religio in the ideology and activities of national-religious liberal political parties in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century on the example of the Ittifaq-el-Muslimin party. In addition, the activity of the party is considered in the context of the all-Russian party system of 1905 - 1917. As a result of the research, the author came to the following conclusions. Despite the official legal consolidation of the concept of freedom of conscience, the Orthodox Church continued to maintain its dominant position. At the same time, representatives of other faiths (in particular, Old Believers and Muslims) were granted the right to freely preach their own religious beliefs, create public associations, freely carry out educational activities, and take part in the political life of Russia. The transformation of state-confessional relations is considered on the example of the formation of the Muslim liberal Party and its activities in the system of political relations of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century.

The ideology of media. Measuring the political leaning of Spanish news media through Twitter users’ interactions

The news media have a strong influence on people’s perception of reality. But despite claims to objectivity, media organizations are, in general, politically biased (Patterson & Donsbach, 1996; Gaebler, 2017). The link between news media outlets and political organizations has been a critical question in political science and communication studies. To assess the closeness between the news media and particular political organizations, scholars have used different methods such as content analysis, undertaking surveys or adopting a political economy view. With the advent of social networks, new sources of data are now available to measure the relationship between media organizations and parties. Assuming that users coherently retweet political and news information (Wong, Tan, Sen & Chiang, 2016), and drawing on the retweet overlap network (RON) method (Guerrero-Solé, 2017), this research uses people’s perceived ideology of Spanish political parties (CIS, 2020) to propose a measure of the ideology of news media in Spain. Results show that scores align with the result of previous research on the ideology of the news media (Ceia, 2020). We also find that media outlets are, in general, politically polarized with two groups or clusters of news media being close to the left-wing parties UP and PSOE, and the other to the right-wing and far-right parties Cs, PP, and Vox. This research also underlines the media’s ideological stability over time.

Map of Political Party Ideology in the Four Elections of the Regional Head of the Governor of West Sumatra Period 2005, 2010, 2015 And 2020 (A Comparisonal Study of Politics)

Map of Political Party Ideology in the Four Elections of the Regional Head of the Governor of West Sumatra Period 2005, 2010, 2015 And 2020 (A Comparisonal Study of Politics)

Gender Ideologies and Polish Political Parties

AbstractThis article explores the gender dimension of ideology and representation by analysing the political parties that ran in the 2019 Polish parliamentary elections, using a novel analytical framework based on gender claims and gender-related policy pledges. This article demonstrates that a left and liberal ideology largely determines feminist and pro-LGBTQ+ promissory representation. However, the gender ideologies of right-wing political parties vary in their traditional types and can include a populist element. This article contributes to comparative gender and politics scholarship by examining gender ideologies in the Central and Eastern European context, where on the one hand, populism and anti-gender campaigns have taken hold, and, on the other, feminist and progressive movements have challenged traditionalism and illiberalism. This article also differentiates a scholarly meaning of gender ideology from its populist meaning.

KETERWAKILAN POLITIK PEREMPUAN DI PARLEMEN PERIODE 2019-2024: PERAN PARTAI POLITIK

Political parties have an important role in efforts to increase women's political representation in parliament. The most significant function of political parties as gatekeepers is to carry out the recruitment, selection and candidacy of candidates for members of parliament in the general election contestation. This study aims to explain both internal and external factors that influence the role of political parties in increasing women's political representation in parliament in the 2019 election. The research method used is literature study by referring to previous research and secondary data sourced from books, journals, online news, and laws and regulations. The findings of this study reinforce previous research that political parties have a major role in efforts to increase women's political representation in parliament. The role of the party refers to the process of recruitment, selection and candidacy of women, the involvement of women in the organizational structure of the party, and the ideology of political parties. The role and policies of political parties in increasing women's representation are also strongly influenced by gender quota policies, electoral systems and party systems, and women's movement activists.

Economic Diplomacy and Its Impact on Nepalese Economy

Economic diplomacy is concerned with how a government maintains economic relations with other nations and what steps it might take to enhance its economy. If economic and diplomatic relations are good, more benefits can be reaped from diplomatic partner countries. Economic diplomacy plays an important role in a country’s ability to prioritize and benefit from deployment partners. By developing economic diplomatic connections, Nepal has the opportunity to profit from the neighboring countries. Despite the differences in the ideology and vision of political parties, it is necessary for the country, the people and development to rise above partisan vision and move forward with a new vision. Reaching more economic benefits from respectable and balanced economic diplomacy has become imperative. This study has been conducted to review economic diplomacy and examine the impact of economic diplomatic relations on foreign direct investment, foreign employment, and the tourism economy. It measured the impact of economic diplomatic relations on FDI, foreign employment and the tourism economy by applying multiple regression models. The impact of FDI, foreign employment and the tourism economy has been analyzed from 2001 to 2019. The study’s finding shows that there has been a significant impact on remittance income and incomes from the tourism industry.

Does corporate political party ideology matter? Evidence from bank loan contracts

Purpose This paper aims to examine how a firm’s political party orientation (Republican or Democratic), which is measured as the composite index based on the political party leanings of top managers, affects bank loan contracts. This study also investigates how the political culture of local states has a significant impact on loan contracts. Design/methodology/approach This research uses various databases including the Loan Pricing Corporation’s DealScan database, financial covenant violation indicators based on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, firm bankruptcy filings and political culture index data to examine the impact of political orientation on the cost of debt. This paper also includes the state level of gun ownership and bachelor’s degrees to investigate how local political culture affects the loan contract. To control endogenous concerns, this paper uses an instrumental variable analysis. Findings Firms that have Republican-oriented political identities pay lower yield spreads for the main costs of debt including all-in-spread-drawn and all-in-spread-undrawn. This pattern is consistent with other fees of bank loans. This paper finds that an increase in conservative political policies toward Republican orientations is negatively associated with the cost of debt. The main findings also show that the political culture in the state where the headquarters of the borrowing firm are located plays an important role in bank loan contracts. Originality/value The findings in this paper provide evidence that a firm’s political party orientation significantly affects the loan contract terms in both pricing and non-pricing terms. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that shows the importance of political party identification on loan contracts by separating the sample into Republican, neutral and Democratic.