Political Economy Of Media Research Articles

The political economy of media on the Metro TV station in Indonesia

The political economy of media on the Metro TV station in Indonesia

Ekonomi Politik Media dalam Perspektif Komunikasi dan Sosial-Budaya

Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan recognized the fact that technologies have a communicative dimension in and of themselves and play an important role in the formation of political economy. The economic field clearly cannot be separated from capitalism; and capitalism and industry are two things that cannot be tolerated. Furthermore, culture is one of the most interesting contents to be "sold" and is often massified by the media to generate huge profits by media capitalists. This study aims to discuss how the political economy of media is viewed from a communication and socio-cultural perspective. The study in this article uses a descriptive-qualitative method, using literature review as a data collection technique. The results show that the political economy of (mass) media is closely related to power and control over mass media content. This control is carried out through a communication process, where the messages conveyed by the mass media aim to influence the audience's perception, sometimes also to guide the audience's attitude towards an issue, especially social and political issues. One content medium that is considered effective for gaining financial resources is culture. Massified culture becomes a powerful weapon for media owners to gain profits and wealth; where culture is no longer viewed from an aesthetic perspective alone, or how culture conveys truth, but is seen as a "tool" to gain profit alone.

The Political Economy of Media in Reporting the Individual Candidate Bagyo Wahyono-FX Suparjo in the 2020 Surakarta City Election

The 2020 Surakarta City Regional Head Election was in the spotlight of Indonesian newspapers Solopos and Radar Solo ashe attraction of election is the presence of independent candidates, Bagyo Wahyono-FX Suparjo, who are competitors to the Gibran Rakabuming Raka-Teguh Prakosa pairing who were promoted to become a political party. With the difference in political caste between the two candidates, this study aims to dissect the practice of messages presented by two local newspapers in Surakarta, Solopos and Radar Solo towards the independent candidates. This study deployed Norman Fairclough's critical analysis method with approaches and paradigms of Vincent Mosco's political economy media theory. The results concluded Radar Solo tended to favor Gibran Rakabuming Raka in terms of choices and sentences presented to the audience. Meanwhile, Solopos chose a more neutral stance for both candidates. Messages presented by Solopos and Radar Solo need to provide a balanced space for the Bagyo Wahyono-FX Suparjo pairing. Various factors, such as the lack of optimal use of the Bagyo Wahyono-FX Suparjo pairing of media as a means of campaigning and the lack of a personal campaign agenda, influence this balance. Another significant finding is that there is a design and a more significant political interest behind one's appearance, which makes the dynamics of the Surakarta City Election run in vain. Keywords: Election, political communication, newspapers, candidate, discourse analysis.

Women on Top: a Study of Middle Eastern Women's Rights in the Media Political Economy


 
 
 
 The Middle Eastern media generally promotes the dignity of women more. The issues facing women who have endured conflict or sexual assault are constantly brought up in the news and widely distributed through movies. Discourse based on media culture demonstrates how firmly the Middle East supports the rights and dignity of women. The desire of the media to demonstrate the strength and might of a nation, a person, or a viewpoint is directly tied to the political and economic interests of this. Power relations are actually depicted in Middle Eastern media by a culture that has evolved from generation to generation. Unlike before the movement to uphold women’s rights, men's right to express their masculinity is now limited. This is the state of the art in scientific writings that take a media, political economy, and history approach to studying Middle Eastern media culture. Researchers in Indonesia still hardly ever use qualitative research methodologies that take a media political economy perspective with four units of analysis, including history, social totality, morality, and praxis orientation, that are connected to media cultures outside of Indonesia (the Middle East). The goal of this study was to determine the Middle Eastern countries' power structures based on their publicized media cultures. The Middle East is particularly receptive to industrialization that helps women, as shown by historical characteristics of the region that produce films and news about women's fights that women always win over males. Furthermore, the Middle East is home to a large number of female political figures, demonstrating that the media's political economy interests in promoting women are upheld there. 
 
 
 

The conventional media's political economy practices in the media convergence era: Case study of labor commodification in TV industry

Technological developments provide benefits for the society in receiving information and entertainment. This has resulted many innovations made by the communication media industry players, one of which is NET. TV by conducting media convergence. Media convergence is a consequence caused by technological developments, which then affects competition in the media industry. Media convergence is gaining momentum in the communications industry, where digital technology is being used more than conventional one. Under the auspices of PT Net Visi Media, NET. TV has now looked at YouTube and over-the-top digital platforms. By looking at the transitions, this research was conducted with a critical paradigm by mapping the problems that occur related to vertical power relations, based on political economy theory of communication media by Vincent Mosco. Interview with NET. TV production team became the primary data, which was then analyzed descriptively. According to the characteristics coined by Vincent Mosco as an analytical tool, the result is NET. TV performs absolute and relative labor commodification during media convergence. Where the Tonight Show Premiere and Match Island production teams are required to be multitasking and work overtime without being paid.

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

Content is power: Cultural engineering and political control over transnational television

Since the 2000s, the television industry in Turkey has emerged as a transnational business and as one of the largest TV program exporters worldwide. However, Turkish television is still largely national in its production practices and content, and thus, highly vulnerable to the domestic political landscape and media regulations of the government. In the last two decades, rather than endorsing the independent growth of this emerging industry in the international markets, the Turkish government has erected barriers by tightening censorship and passing new regulations to control national television and its content production. The AKP government deployed various state apparatuses, including Turkey's public broadcasting channel (TRT), English language news channel (TRT World), and the regulatory agency Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) to foster the type of television content that can ideologically serve the AKP's conservative and neo-Ottomanist agendas. Drawing on the political economy of media and through critical analysis, this paper analyzes how these state mechanisms are used to instrumentalize TV exports and media institutions in service of President Erdoğan's cultural, economic, and foreign policy agendas within the country and abroad. By investigating the tension between the state's ideological project and the regional, transnational, and global mediasphere, our work sheds light on how the implementation of the government's new media and cultural policies, top-down directives and pressures from the state and government on both the TV industry and its audience, and South-to-South cultural flows have shaped the Turkish TV industry and its content in the last two decades.

Commodification of Viral Information in the New Media Era (Case Study on Cek Fakta Page of Tempo.Co)

The development of internet technology resulted in drastic changes in the flow of information globally. Now, people can make their own choice of information that they like. But on the other hand, they also have the potential to receive wrong information. Social media, where people interact a lot, also has a lot of false information or hoaxes. Meanwhile, the mass media, which used to be the gatekeepers of information, are no longer the main source of readers. As a way of defending itself from change, the media began to adapt to the flow of information on social media. They seize the opportunity by seeing the circulation of viral information that tends to be hoaxes. This study describes the adaptation of Tempo media to current conditions. This study uses an interpretive or constructivist paradigm. The research methodology rests on the foundation of ontological and epistemological assumptions. The author uses a media political economy approach in this study. In the media's political economy, there is commodification, converting use value into exchange value. This research shows the existence of the Cek Fakta web page on Tempo.co as a way to promote media name branding. Tempo has calculated the business on the Cek Fakta page at Tempo.co. Profits are not only material or money but also in terms of branding. Cek Facts is a tool for branding Tempo. From that point of view, in terms of traffic, the Cek Fakta page's existence contributes to many readers.

Perbandingan Pendekatan Politik - Ekonomi Media dan Studi Kebudayaan dalam Kajian Komunikasi Massa

he influence of mass media on social and cultural interactions is a growing phenomenon. To come up with ideas that provide a thorough understanding of these events in these circumstances may be difficult for scholars who study the mass media. The political economy of media and cultural studies are two categories of critical approaches that share features, strengths, and weaknesses. By paying sufficient attention to these details, the two techniques can complement and learn from each other. This research seeks to study someone's opinion, response, or perception, so the discussion must be qualitative in nature or use descriptive language, so the writer uses a descriptive research methodology. When analyzing texts and explaining various subject positions or views, mass media studies must adopt a multi-perspective approach, or apply a critical methodology.
 Keywords: mass media, social and cultural interaction, mass communication

Perbandingan Pendekatan Politik - Ekonomi Media dan Studi Kebudayaan dalam Kajian Komunikasi Massa

he influence of mass media on social and cultural interactions is a growing phenomenon. To come up with ideas that provide a thorough understanding of these events in these circumstances may be difficult for scholars who study the mass media. The political economy of media and cultural studies are two categories of critical approaches that share features, strengths, and weaknesses. By paying sufficient attention to these details, the two techniques can complement and learn from each other. This research seeks to study someone's opinion, response, or perception, so the discussion must be qualitative in nature or use descriptive language, so the writer uses a descriptive research methodology. When analyzing texts and explaining various subject positions or views, mass media studies must adopt a multi-perspective approach, or apply a critical methodology.
 Keywords: mass media, social and cultural interaction, mass communication

KONVERGENSI MEDIA SURAT KABAR LOKAL KALTENG POS

The development of technology, information, and communication requires print media specifically for local newspaper to keep up with the development of the digital era by conducting media convergence, the same thing was done by the local newspaper Kalteng Pos. This study aims to see how the strategies and models of media convergence are carried out by Kalteng Pos along with the elements of the media's political economy. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection in the form of interviews, observations, and literature studies. The findings of this study are Kalteng Pos in its media convergence adopts the convergence continuum model, newsroom convergence model, and content convergence model. Then in relation to the political economy of the media, there are elements of commodification, spatialization, and structuration in media convergence from Kalteng Pos.

Deep-Rooted Images: Situating (Extra) Institutional Appropriations of Deepfakes in the US and India

The paper aims to map institutional and extra-institutional affordances and appropriations of deepfake images through an analytical framework that accounts for the socio-political contexts of the US and India. Our main argument involves the inevitable leakage of technologies outside institutions and its redressal through corporatized comebacks. Utilizing vernacular and global examples, we trace the perceived ownership and extended modalities of deepfake images and videos. While compositing (Manovich 2006) and habitual media (Chun 2016) predetermine our deep mediatized world (Hepp 2019), deepfakes, as a visual cultural technology newly popular within the political economy of media, offer a novel entry point into locating the neoliberal ethos of both socio-political contexts and their respective apparatuses and valences of control. Thus, the paper articulates the coordinates of deepfake affordances to situate the technological power and political rhetoric that governs our international media situation across differing but interrelated socio-political contexts.

Localism in Internet governance: The rise of China's provincial web

Often analysing ‘the Chinese Internet’ as a national entity, existing research has overlooked China's provincially oriented web portals, which have supplied information and entertainment to substantial user populations. Through the lenses of the critical political economy of media and critical media industry studies, this article traces the ascendance of China's provincial web from the late 1990s to the early 2000s by analysing industry yearbooks, official reports, conference records, personal memoirs, archived webpages, and user traffic data. We uncover interactions between Internet service providers, legacy media organizations, commercial Internet companies, and the central and local governments – each driven by discrete economic interests, political concerns, and imaginaries about the new technology. Delineating the emergence and consolidation of China's provincial web, our study foregrounds the understudied political economy of online content regionalization at scale. Further, it sheds new light on Chinese media policy, Internet governance, and Internet histories, especially the widely noted conservative turn of online cultures after the mid-2010s.

Political economy of media: An income-expense analysis of state aids to Iranian newspapers

Iranian newspapers have traditionally relied on state aids and public budget to survive. The dependency has still lingered amid a change of policy that has affected the newspapers’ financial status. This article invokes the available data on governmental support to examine the political economy of newspapers in Iran during the two decades of 1990s and 2000s. The data were collected from official releases by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as well as several nonconfidential internal bulletins of the newspaper organizations. Having applied an income-expense analysis, the paper explains the government’s role in newspaper economics and discusses the policy of repurposing the existing subsidies.

Commodification, Spatialization, and Structuring in Instagram (Vincent Mosco's Descriptive Political Economy Study on Instagram Anies Baswedan Related to Covid-19)

Instagram is one of the social media that is widely used by Indonesians. Instagram users in Indonesia are under Instagram users from the United States, Brazil and China. The emergence of social media Instagram is a new and interesting dynamic to research based on Vincent Mosco's descriptive study of the political economy of the economy. One way to see and analyze an issue or phenomenon of communication is through the descriptive study of Vincent Mosco's political economy and economy. In theory, Mosco refers to the globalization of the political economy of media which explains where there is a transition from old media and when new media emerge. Thus the formulation of the problem of this research is how the political economy practice of communication in the use of Instagram social media during the Covid-19 pandemic which was observed from Anies Baswedan's Instagram account. This study uses a descriptive research method in order to provide an overview description of the political economy practice of communication on Instagram social media during the Covid-19 pandemic which was observed from the Instagram account of the Governor of DKI Jakarta, Anies Baswedan. It can be concluded that social media is a means based on internet technology (online media) such as Instagram which allows a person to interact, communicate, collaborate and share information with others. Even Instagram users can easily participate directly in it. Commodification, spatialization and structuration are three important elements in political economy because they can bring about changes in function or use values. Commodification is one of the elements that is directly related to how the process of transforming goods or services (along with their use value) into a commodity that has an exchange value in the market. Spatialization is a process when dealing with time and space. Structuring is a communication or media activity associated with social structures.

Pɔhim Zuɣu: Understanding Indigenous Language News Audiences in Ghana

ABSTRACT Although there is scant audience research in media studies, audiences continue to be key drivers in the political economy of media in Africa and elsewhere. The study explores the dynamics of indigenous language news audiences’ listening habits, how their information-seeking habits are shaped by personal values and the ways in which their participation in civic engagement reinforces their media consumption habits. The study focuses on Dagbanli and Gonja news audiences living in Ghana’s Northern and Savannah Regions. The objective of the study is to explore the way that Dagbanli and Gonja news audiences use the news they receive by parsing out these uses within this sociocultural context. Through in-depth interviews, the listening habits and civic engagements of news audiences are brought to the fore. Through a uses and gratifications approach, I argue that indigenous language news audiences are active agentive consumers whose habits are shaped by contextual factors, personal and social values. The findings of the study demonstrate that the news shapes the political behaviour and voting decisions of audiences. The study also finds that many audiences use the news as an avenue for learning more about education, agriculture, the environment and pervading conversations in the public sphere.

GOVERNMENT DOMINATION IN ANTARA TV THE FEATURE NEWS PRODUCTION PROCESS OF “MATA INDONESIA”

The Ministry of Communication and Informatics has the task to distribute information on the various state activities, social and other community activities. The task of producing and disseminating this information is given to a Public Company of National News Agency (LKBN / Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional) Antara. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach with the research of the feature news Antara TV, Mata Indonesia as an object. The study was conducted by performing a direct observations on the production process of the feature news Mata Indonesia. In the Mata Indonesia production process the Ministry has a dominant role in determining the direction and policy of Mata Indonesia. With economic and political power, the Ministry has intervened since the production designs, production processes in the field and regulate the final output of Mata Indonesia. To still be able to produce Mata Indonesia, the editor of Antara TV applies the gatekeeper function. Where all elements involved in selecting information will be presented.
 
 Keywords: media political economy, gatekeeper, journalistic tv, feature news

Production Studies of Race and the Political Economy of Media

Production Studies of Race and the Political Economy of Media

“This is (Not) Journalism”: Corruption, Subterfuge, and Metajournalistic Discourses on Undercover Journalism in Ghana

ABSTRACTThere remains broad agreement on the principles and norms of journalism. However, what the practice means also emerges in context, manifesting in and constituted by the language actors use to contest or affirm the boundary of acceptable practices. Using Ghanaian undercover journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas’ 2018 report on football and corruption as a case, this study examines social media actors’ discourse, identifying points of view on the legitimacy of subterfuge and entrapment as acceptable journalistic tools. The study uses metajournalistic discourse as an overarching framework and integrates literature from virtue, deontological, and utilitarian ethics; journalistic roles; and political economy of media. We find that the metajournalistic discourse on subterfuge, entrapment, and the undercover work straddles flagellation and adulation. It reveals tensions between a view of journalism as contextually fluid versus one rooted in standardized practices of excellence; journalistic excellence as defined by outcomes versus moral virtues; and economic versus public interest. We observe a limitation of what Anas calls the “name and shame” method: while the sensational nature of an undercover story may spark public interest in cases of corruption, it may be polarizing, commodifying, and even undermine the utilitarian justifications that underpin using deception as a journalistic tool.

RELASI KEKUASAAN ANTARA TIM MANAJERIAL DAN REDAKSI LIPUTAN

Power relations reveal hidden things that occur in the Works process between agents in Social practice related to media political economy practices. Media competition requires agents (workers) to compete with innovation and more creatively giving birth to program that are able to attract a large audience. So editors become depressed in producing a program content. Every agents in television media conducts Social practices to channel the relationship between relations which directly or indirectly, or equal or not equal, this indicates the existence of Power. The Research has conducted in the critical paradigma domain, with the Robert K Yin case Study method, where the The of Research was explanatory study regarding the Power relations between manajerial teams and editor Liputan 6 Pagi teams using the theory of Foucault’s Discourse of Power and Knowledge. The Result showed that there were elementer of combination of dominance Power relations and unequal govermentality of Power.
 
 Keywords: Power Relations, Foucault, Manajerial Teams, News Program, Editor Teams, Liputan 6 Pagi, SCTV.