Political Crisis In Ukraine Research Articles

The Impact of Ukrainian Crisis on the Connectedness of Stock Index in Asian Economies

The main aim of this study is to measure the dynamic connectedness and spillover effects among emerging stock markets in Asia and the developed stock markets of the US and Europe in the ongoing Ukrainian crisis. The paper also aims to provide a comparative analysis of return and volatility spillovers during the global financial crisis in 2008, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Ukrainian crisis. This paper utilizes the multiple structural beak test of Bai & Perron (2003) and also depicts the risk and return transmissions among these markets using the Diebold & Yilmaz (2012) method. The main outcomes of this study indicate that the stock markets in Asia are less affected by the political crisis in Ukraine as compared to the previous effects during the GFC and COVID-19 periods. The results also show that sensitivity of Asian financial markets to global shocks has been weakened in the wake of the Ukrainian crisis in favour of increased resilience of Asian stock indices to external shocks. These results carry an important implication for international and local investors as well as for policy makers in Asia, where investors have greater potentials for portfolio diversify and risk reduction across Asian markets. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-04 Full Text: PDF

KEPENTINGAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL RUSIA DALAM SERANGAN MILITER TERHADAP UKRAINA TAHUN 2022

ABSTRACT This study wants to find out how the background that influences Russia to carry out a military attack on Ukraine in 2022 and study Russia's national security interests against Ukraine. Russia is making changes to its military policy in Ukraine by increasing the number of military equipment and soldiers and carrying out military attacks in 2022. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence or become the background of Russia in carrying out military attacks and their relationship to its national interests. The theoretical framework used in this research is the concept of national interest described by H.J Morgenthau, and foreign policy from Morgenthau. The concept of national interest and foreign policy is used to explain the factors that influence Russia in carrying out its 2022 military attack policy in Ukraine and its relationship with its national interest in selfdefense. In its policy, Russia is increasingly intensive in sending military personnel and equipment to support military operations in Ukraine. Russia, then also changed its strategy in the operation where in its operation Russia was more offensive and Russiaalso divided the area of operation between the North and the South. From the results of the author's analysis using the theoretical framework, it can be concluded that Russia's military policy related to the political crisis in Ukraine is caused by internal factors, the existence of national interests that must be protected and external factors in the form of the source system behind it. These national interests are related to defense, economy, politics and the military. While the external factor is the existence of a source system where there is a pattern ofinteraction or alliances that exist in the Eastern European region and the security of the country is threatened. The author finds that Russia is trying very hard in carrying out its military policy in order to protect its nation. Keywords: Russia, Ukraine, National Interest

Human resources management practices and approaches in insurance

Looking with interest at the moments of recession and crisis before, but also at the pandemic and the current situation related to the political crisis in Ukraine, the geopolitical and economic context we are going through, both Romania and Europe, forces us to change and to adopt new approaches in terms of the whole activity, but especially the one related to the professional activity. The labor crisis, the coronavirus pandemic and the war in Ukraine are further accelerating the process of changing and changing the way organizations work, so human resource management needs to identify new approaches, methods and tools that work well and effectively in close connection with innovation and new technologies. The insurance sector is perhaps the most affected branch of the service area due to the effects of the pandemic and the labor crisis, so the need for new and innovative approaches to human resource management in insurance is imminent and must be treated with great responsibility by managers from this section. These methods and approaches aim to increase work performance and efficiency, increase the quality of work, create a pleasant environment for employees and an encouraging work environment so that the level of satisfaction is at its maximum.

Balance of Power in the Black Sea

In the research article titled «Balance of Power in the Black Sea» was analyzed the balance of power in the Black Sea, which emerged because of the geopolitical changes and the geo-strategic moves of the superpowers after the Cold War. In the backyard of the political events that took place in the Black Sea riparian countries (political crisis in Ukraine, the war in Georgia) until today, the games of the superpowers to dominate the Black Sea and not to lose the balance of power lie. After Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania after the Cold War joined the Western powers as NATO members. On the other hand, conflicts arose because Russia did not want Georgia and Ukraine to turn to the West in the same way. Because Russia continues to maintain the balance of power in the Black Sea thanks to Georgia and Ukraine. If Russia loses the balance of power, Russian security in the Black Sea may be shaken. The West has successfully secured itself in this regard. Georgia and Ukraine attempts made by the West with the aim of pushing Russia into a corner emphasized that Russia will not remain silent in any way. By incorporating Crimea into its territory, Ukraine secured its military base on the Crimean Peninsula and used its energy trump cards for Ukraine. The Georgian leader failed because of his move to be closer to the West and even caused ethnic conflict in the country. Sakashvili’s position in power has been shaken. As a result, the West issue was closed. So nowadays balance of power in the Black Sea continuing keeping its peace at the world.

Ensuring the competitiveness and the sustainability of railway enterprises in a crisis environment

The article is devoted to theoretical, methodological and practical research of the problem of ensuring the competitiveness and the sustainability of railway transport enterprises in conditions of the deep socio-economic and political crisis in Ukraine. It was established that in modern crisis conditions, in order to ensure a stable competitive position in the passenger and freight transport market, railway transport enterprises should focus on the systematic introduction of innovations, improving management methods, and enhance the quality of business processes. The definition of the concept of "competitiveness of railway transport enterprises" was clarified by summarizing scientific works and studying the competitive ad-vantages of industry enterprises. The main requirements of consumers for the ser-vices of railway transport enterprises are systematized, the consideration of which in the process of transport services will contribute to increasing the competitive ad-vantage of railway enterprises. An algorithmic sequence of benchmarking for rail-way transport enterprises was created in the article. An innovative model for ensur-ing the competitiveness and the sustainability of railway transport enterprises has been developed, which contributes to their adaptation to a dynamic external envi-ronment by organizing the continuity of innovative development aimed at finding and constantly introducing innovations as a basis for the formation of sustainable competitive advantages by railway transport enterprises in a crisis environment. It has been proved that the effectiveness of the implementation of this model de-pends on the balanced functioning of all its elements and taking into account the operational and strategic goals of the innovative development of railway transport enterprises.

ARGUMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC DECISIONS OF CONFECTIONARY PRODUCERS BASING ON THE MARKET RESEARCH

The conducted research confirms that confectionary industry is currently one of the most developed constituents in the Ukrainian food industry providing a great number of work places for the related economies. The financial-economic and political crisis in Ukraine and coronavirus pandemic have negatively influenced development of that branch of economy. However, large domestic confectionary producers are oriented on the use of the strategies of growth, search for the directions to intensify their competitive advantages at the market. Nevertheless, argumentation of their strategic decisions should be grounded by the results of the market research, first on consumers’ demands, who nowadays apply new criteria while choosing confectionary goods. The performed analysis of the secondary marketing information proves that production of chocolate and chocolate sweets secures considerable volume of sale for confectionary enterprises in money terms. However, Ukraine has recently experienced a growing demand for chocolate bars. Therefore, producers should actively update the range of products to keep the available and attract new clients. Results of the primary marketing information, collected by using the Google Forms service, confirm that 98% of respondents consume chocolate. Analysis of the results of estimates on the consumers’ attitude to chocolate, produced by the Joint stock company "Lviv Confectionary Plant "Svitoch", identification of their tastes and preferences, mentioned in the questionnaire, provides the information necessary for shaping the strategy of the further broadening of the range of products by that producer. It is determined that the preference is first given to milk chocolate, which is liked by most of the respondents, composite chocolate with nuts or fruit filling, products in a new packaging design, primarily gift wrapping with unusual design and nonstandard shape of chocolate. While planning measures on improvement of marketing activities of the Joint stock company "Lviv Confectionary Plant "Svitoch", the confectionary producer should consider the specificity of different segments of the market, foremost their sex and age. To identify the intended segments of the market of chocolate bars, it is proposed to use the schemes of new products positioning considering the current positions of the products of principal competitors. Segmentation of the market of chocolate bars was done basing on the sex and age of intended consumers. To specify the primary directions for introduction of innovations in the marketing commercial policy of the Joint stock company "Lviv Confectionary Plant "Svitoch", the analytic hierarchy process was used. The performed calculations demonstrate that for the studied enterprise the point is to produce chocolate bars with different taste fillings, milk and dark chocolate, chocolate with nuts of a larger size, and chocolate bars with 75-80% of cacao beans.

The German Press about Russian Foreign Policy Activities: The Crisis in Ukraine (2013–2014) and its Consequences

The article is devoted to identifying the current image of Russia in the mirror of the German media after the Ukrainian crisis. The role of the media is noted, the crisis situation in Ukraine is characterized. Analyzed publications in the leading print media of Germany on the topic of Russian foreign policy in Ukraine and the role of the Russian Federation in the political crisis in Ukraine (2013–2014). The authors have identified and identified key approaches in the formation of German society a certain idea of Russia and its foreign policy. As conclusions, it is noted that both for objective reasons, and not least thanks to the German media, which use a lot of negative characteristics when constructing the image of Russia, relations between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany go through a zone of mutual exclusion. However, relations between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany can go to a new level, taking into account the possible pragmatic cooperation of the two states, and provided, among other things, a reduction in the degree of anti-Russian rhetoric in the German media.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНА ОЦІНКА СПРИЯТЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ

INESS DEVELOPMENT In today's conditions of economic development, the importance of small business as a factor in the competitiveness of local and regional economies is growing. The article provides a rating assessment of the regions of Ukraine in terms of their social and economic development for the functioning of small business. The issue of providing a rating assessment to the regions of Ukraine in terms of the favorable regions for the operation of small business is relevant and necessary for in-depth study. That is why the article is devoted to this topic. The purpose of the article is to calculate the suitability of regions for the operation of small business and provide a rating for all regions of Ukraine. The calculation of the indicator for assessing the level of favorable regions of the country in ensuring the effective functioning of small business is based on the summation of the rank values of each studied indicator that affects the functioning and development of small business in the region. Due to these indicators, it is possible to provide a rating assessment of the favorableness of the regions of Ukraine in the functioning of small business. After the calculations for 2018, the regions were divided into three structural economic blocks: with great opportunities, sufficient and underdeveloped regions. The first block includes 9 oblasts and the city of Kyiv, the second – 10 oblasts, and the third economic block – 5 oblasts. According to these indicators, we can conclude that the most favorable regions for small business are: Kyiv, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa and Lviv regions. Transcarpathian region entered the second economic block with further prospects for social and economic development. The most problematic regions are Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts, which were caused by hostilities that began in the territory in 2014 as a result of the deepening political crisis in Ukraine. The results presented in this study show a real picture of the social and economic development of the regions, which will help in the future to find ways for the possible development of all economic and social components of the regions. Key words: social and economic development, small business, competitiveness index, ranking of regions, regional development.

Agriculture in Poland in the context of trade restrictions between the European Union and the Russian Federation in 2010-2018

The economic sanctions imposed by the European Union in March 2014 on the Russian Federation were caused by Russia's unlawful annexation of Crimea, which exploited the political crisis in Ukraine. In response, Russian President Vladimir Putin issued a decree on August 7 prohibiting the importation of selected groups of agri-food commodities from countries that previously imposed sanctions. The article focuses on an attempt to describe the effects of the introduced trade restrictions on the functioning of the agricultural market in Poland. Spectral analysis, simple regression and comparative methods were used for the study. The study showed that the trade restrictions introduced had the character of structural changes in the export and import of Polish products, but did not significantly contribute to the functioning of the market itself. The trade restrictions introduced have contributed to a significant reduction in trade between Russia and Poland in 2014-2016 however, there is a gradual improvement in trade relations with Russia, the value of both imports and exports is steadily increasing with each subsequent year.

COUNTRY IMAGE AND ITS IMPACT ON BILATERAL RELATIONS: CASE CURRENT US-RUSSIAN RELATIONS

This paper is devoted to the effects of country image on contemporary US-Russian relations. This is an attempt to apply the results of joint project (University of Florida and Lobachevski University) to the analysis of US-Russian bilateral relations in a broader sense as well as combine tourist management and political science methods and literature. The relationships between the U.S. and Russia have been steadily deteriorating in the last five years. The amount of negative coverage of both countries in Russian and American media and social networks has been gradually increasing for the last few years, starting with the Magnitsky Act and the Dima Yakovlev Law in 2012 and culminating over the events of political crisis in Ukraine, operation in Syria, economic sanctions towards Russia. Media and social networks, as well as rhetoric of official agencies of both countries reflect the growing levels of national pride and mutual animosity. We believe that foreign policy has become a special and independent type of social activity. Economic relations, economic integration, humanitarian relations (education, culture, science, tourism, etc.) are an important part of foreign policy today. Thus, country image does matter.

Identity and Media-use Strategies of the Estonian and Latvian Russian-speaking Populations Amid Political Crisis

In this essay, we examine the connections between media use and trust strategies, and the identity development of the Russian-speaking populations in Estonia and Latvia in the context of the political crisis in Ukraine. We argue against the levelling, uniform view of Russian-speaking audiences as being completely under the influence of Russian media and thereby politically identifying themselves with the Kremlin. We present a typology of Russian-speaking audiences, explain how they construct their identities as audience members within these types in times of political crisis, and discuss how this self-identification as audience members shapes the development of broader civic and ethnic identities among the Estonian and Latvian Russian-speaking populations.

Investigation of Financial Mechanisms of Trade in Military Products in Collective Security Treaty Organization Countries

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, regional organizations in the territory of the former Soviet Union were actively formed and developed, including at the initiative of the Russian Federation. Such an initiative was conditioned, first of all, by the desire of Russia to provide organizational formations that would preserve certain continuity after the collapse of the USSR and would maximally form a system of allies along the borders. This issue became especially urgent in 2014, when the political crisis in Ukraine aggravated the economic and military situation, which in turn led to threats near the Ukrainian border with the Russian Federation.Accordingly, the most important issue for Russia is the Eurasian Economic Union - the most significant integration project of the Russian leadership in the post-Soviet space, which is a definite analogue of the European Union.

Класифікація політичних криз та їх основні ознаки.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the typology of political crisis and its main characteristics. The novelty of the study is developed classification model of the political crisis, based on an analysis of key developments of researchers in political and economic sciences, branches of psychology and conflict science. The author analyzes the works of foreign authors concerning the classification of political crises. For the first time a detailed classification of political crises based on the investigated material is proposed. Classification of political crises is carried out depending on whether the crisis covers the whole political system or only one of its parts, leads to the improvement, strengthening, stabilization of the political system or its transformation and destruction. The duration of the political crisis is also, ultimately, determined by the nature of the political system, its ability to cope with destructive processes and modernize. The article highlights crises-revolutions, crises-shock, crises-destruction and crisis-perturbations, differing in terms of the spread of crisis processes in society and the depth of defeat of the institutional political system. Socio-communicative component identifies identity crises, crisis of legitimacy, crisis of political participation, crisis of penetration and distribution crisis. In addition, the crisis has been classified by scale, intensity, nature of origin, nature of consequences and duration. The need to understand the typology of crises is proved for improving the effectiveness of crisis management and crisis forecasting as well as for a deep analysis of the problem of the political crisis, for the search for solutions to the current political crisis in Ukraine. It is concluded that the diversity of political crises is due to the multifunctionality and diversity of the work of state power, and its dependence on the human resource, which is represented by a large number of groups of stakeholders.

Discursive construction of Lithuania's “others:” the case of Belarus

This article analyzes discursive representations of Lithuania and of Belarus as Lithuania's “Other” in the context of the recent political crisis in Ukraine. Focusing on the media discourse of Lithuanian intellectuals regarding the historical Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) and its legacy, it examines how Belarus and its role vis-à-vis Lithuania have been depicted. The analysis is informed by the discourse-historical approach within critical discourse analysis, using thematic content and argumentation schemes for studying the images ascribed to the GDL, Belarus, and Lithuania in the selected texts. Focus in the discourse of intellectuals on the GDL as a historical homeland is found to shift from history as a scholarly endeavor to the politics of history and the uses of the past in today's political projects. Belarus and the GDL emerge as topics not only historically and politically salient but also potentially dangerous for Lithuania within the setting of the events in Ukraine.

GOSPODARKA OBWODU LWOWSKIEGO

In this article Economic conditions in Lviv Region, analyzed economic conditions in Lviv region before the political crisis in Ukraine in 2014. Presented the differentiation of economic system in the region and factors that affect it. Also focused on the barriers for the efficient development of economy in this region. The studies have demonstrated, that Lviv Region, in comparison with other regions of Ukraine, is characterized by high enough social-economic development. Non-productive branch, the part of which is a scientific potential, financial organizations, trade enterprises, tourism and food industry, which totally can satisfy the needs of the region, are relatively well developed. At the same time there are also unfavorable tendencies in the region. The wrong economic policy, distaste for reform and the war on the east of country are the main problems of Lviv region. Briefly described the attractiveness of the region and the potential for development notes that the region is not fully using its economic potential. Key words: economy of Lviv Region; political crisis; economics; barriers for the efficient development; tourism; investments.

АНАЛІЗ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ АВТОСЕРВІСНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В РАМКАХ ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ

The article deals with the car-service company internal potential in terms of “logistic triangle”: customer car-service company suppliers. The example of the car-service company activity proves that the main current problems with modern car-service are combined of the two negative outside macrofactors influencing the car-service company potential. They are: (1) the worsening of the macroeconomic situation and (2) the destructive influence of political crisis in Ukraine. First of all, they negatively impact lowering the demand; hence they go further down the “logistic” chain and lead to deterioration of certain car-service functions, leaving most of the profit to spare parts sells. Such reduction becomes an obstacle for development of car-service system in Ukraine.

Ukraine’s Fault Lines: The Quest for Regional Hegemony in the Post-Soviet Space

This paper presents a critique of the European Union’s flagship Eastern Partnership Initiative (EaP) within the context of its geopolitical ramifications on the political crisis in Ukraine. It particularly highlights the role of the Russian Federation as the principal protagonists and its quest to counter the EU’s normative power within their shared neighborhood. The EaP has among its goals promoting a broad range of political and economic reforms with the partner states with the view to help them deepen liberal democratic values and enhanced security and stability within the framework of an enhanced Association Agreement. The Kremlin believes the EaP undermines Russian interest in the region. This paper therefore presents a critical analysis of the contending dynamics of the competing efforts to use Ukraine as the launching pad to reshape the post-Cold War regional order.

The Russian Media Coverage of the ‘Ukrainian Issue’: the Priorities of Informing

The current political crisis in Ukraine has become markedly visualized not only due to the very contradictory situation in this country but also following its coverage in the Russian media. The situation initiated new information tendencies which seem to be illustrative for understanding not only the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, but also the development of the media sphere and its role in the contemporary Russian politics. This article envisages the reasons of why the Russian media look fully dependent on the political hierarchy in this country. Following this, journalism in Russia seems to be fading and giving way to propaganda which has nothing in common with media non-partisanship. Following this, the media coverage of the events in South-Eastern Ukraine explicitly shows that this information gravitates to a simplified understanding of the conflict and stimulates the existence of stereotypes and myths as being a background for media manipulation. The coverage of the Ukrainian situation is being reflected in the presence of manipulative tools in the media as a mechanism of controlling people’s mindsets which is detrimental for Russian society and the media themselves.

A POLICY COURSE FOR THE CONTEMPORARY UKRAINE: THE SUPERVISED CHAOS?

The paper explored the contemporary political crisis in Ukraine. The authors made attempt to bring to light factors and preconditions involving these events and their correla-tion to the Orange Revolution 2005. The study examined inner and outer factors having effect on the social and po-litical crisis in Ukraine. Applying the integrated approach made it possible to bring to light factors and preconditions of both inner and outer origin. The study made an inference on the exogenic fac-tors having exerted a substantial impact on a devastating crisis in Ukraine. However, the authors emphasized the significant part taken by the factors of endogenic origin; without their involvement the outer forces could not have enough power to “rock the boat” of circumstances in the country. The paper made a review of the part taken by Russia and USA and EU in these events, and suggested procedures for the way out of the crisis. An examination made it possible to infer that domestic Russian experts and politicians overestimated the part taken by the outer forces while un-derstating thereat instability that has taken shape in Ukraine upon the time of “Euro-Maydan”.

What Is Happening in Ukraine and What Kind of Future Awaits It?

In March 2014, the journal Svobodnaia mysl’ [Free Thought] and the Institute for Globalization Problems organized a roundtable to discuss the rapidly escalating political crisis in Ukraine. The speakers addressed the role of the United States and European countries, the inability of the international legal system to cope with the situation, and the impact of the crisis on Russian foreign policy and domestic politics.