Procurement Policy Research Articles

Optimal Multi-period Crop Procurement and Distribution Policy with Minimum Support Prices

Optimal Multi-period Crop Procurement and Distribution Policy with Minimum Support Prices

Policy Change in the Context of Multiple–Streams Theory–Take China’s Centralized Drug Procurement Policy as an Example

As an important theory of policy process analysis, multiple–streams theory provides a highly explanatory analytical framework and perspective for exploring the dynamics of policy change. This paper uses multiple–streams theory to analyze the history of china’s drug procurement policy changes, found that the china’s drug procurement policy has gone through four development stages. Each change in drug procurement policy is due to a particular problem that is highlighted, focal issues enter the policy agenda when problem streams, policy streams and politics streams are highly coupled and the issue window opens, then the policy changes. This paper provides an outlook on the key directions of china’s drug procurement policy, in order to provide useful reference for the study of multiple–streams theory and the study of china’s drug procurement system.

Development and application of information-assisted decision-making system for centralized procurement of pharmaceuticals in the context of standardized procurement policies

Development and application of information-assisted decision-making system for centralized procurement of pharmaceuticals in the context of standardized procurement policies

Development of business processes on sustainable procurement based on identification of policy and institutional factors in the LRT TOD apartment project

Sustainable procurement through construction procurement has considerable potential to advance a project's sustainability strategy in which the procurement of products, equipment, machinery, and services is an important aspect, especially in high-rise buildings. One of the main factors is the lack of policies and support from organizations for the proper and precise implementation of sustainable procurement. Currently, there are no structured guidelines for compiling business processes that are in accordance with project conditions in LRT TOD Apartments. The purpose of this research is the development of business processes for sustainable procurement based on identifying policy and institutional factors in the LRT TOD Apartment Project. The method in this study used three procurement experts to validate policy and institutional factors. With the expert's assessment, various factors were obtained on sustainable procurement policies and institutions, which could become the basis for business process development. The results of this study show that the existing procurement business process is improved based on integrating policy and institutional that correlate with each other to develop a sustainable procurement business process model for the LRT TOD apartment project.

INTERNATIONAL AND INTERDISCIPLINARY ∙ Policies to Stimulate Industrial Innovation by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises:

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have faced a heavy economic burden and uncertainty due to a contraction in resources and markets. As the world returns to normal conditions, we aim to synthesise key lessons from the pandemic and discuss which emergency actions should become routine to prevent or minimise the negative economic impact of future crises on SMEs and their innovation power. This paper reviews academic and non-academic literature on how governments can stimulate industrial innovation in SMEs based on experiences from public procurement of innovation during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that public procurement of innovation is a crucial tool to stimulate both the economy and new ideas. Against this backdrop, we propose the implementation of three related procurement policies: inter-agency and inter-governmental collaboration in the public procurement of innovation, cooperation partnerships between the government and firms, and the adoption of practices that encourage SME participation in the procurement of public innovation contracts. Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; innovation; emergency management; procurement of innovation

Analysis of the Implementation of In-House Procurement Policies on Micro and Small Businesses in the State Budget/Regional Budget

Analysis of the Implementation of In-House Procurement Policies on Micro and Small Businesses in the State Budget/Regional Budget

Implementation of Goods and Services Procurement Policy in Handling Victims of KDRT at UPTD PPA Sidoarjo Regency, East Java

The state is always present in solving problems of violence, including sexual violence against women and children. The presence of this state is also one of the embodiments of the Indonesian constitution which states that the Government of the Republic of Indonesia was formed to protect the entire nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia. Cases of violence against women and children (KtPA) is an iceberg phenomenon. Cases that are recorded and reported are only a small part of the cases that actually occur in the community. Cases of violence against women and children occur both in the family realm (KDRT) and in the public sphere, with a wider spectrum with increasingly diverse modes. The purpose of this study is to describe how the implementation of the Policy on the Procurement of Goods and Services in handling victims of domestic violence, who are the actors associated with the implementation of the Policy on the Procurement of goods and services in the handling of victims and what are the factors constraining the implementation of the Policy on the Procurement of goods and services in the handling of victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. UPTD PPA Sidoarjo Regency, East Java.

The Influence of The State Purchaser on Competition in Public Procurement in Russia

From the economic point of view, the competitive aspect of public procurement is a relatively poorly studied area of public procurement policy research, as economists tend to focus more on the problems of risk sharing, incentives formation, overcoming information asymmetry specific to public procurement. On the other hand, the study of public procurement from the perspective of supplier firms also receives limited attention, probably due to the fact that, from the economic point of view, their analysis belongs to the peripheral area of microeconomics, focusing on the analysis of monopsony and purchasing power of the state. This article attempts to characterize public procurement in terms of the specifics of the market structure of this quasi-market. As a premise of the analysis, it should be emphasized that a competitive analysis of the regulation of the state as buyer and its influence on the market cannot be properly conducted in situations where it is the only buyer (i.e., in purely "public markets") or where it has no significant market power (i.e., in purely private markets). And if the first situation is analyzed through the prism of sectoral regulation (because of the pure monopsony of the public buyer), in the second case the influence of public procurement is almost insignificant (because of the lack of purchasing power in the population) and is likely to remain below all thresholds of significance. The features of the public procurement market, where the state buyer dominates, having large-scale purchasing power and interacting with private markets are revealed; the consequences of his behavior are determined.

European experience with the operation and control of the procurement mechanism for goods, works, and services using budget funds

The subject of the study is the practical experience of the functioning of the mechanism of public procurement of goods, works and services in the member states of the European Union, its reformation under the influence of the introduction of new EU legislative norms in the field of public procurement, and the harmonization of the national legislation of the participating countries with Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU. The purpose of the work is to establish the impact of the new legislative norms of the European Union in the field of public procurement on the mechanism of procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds in the European Union, to identify the advantages of applying these norms. The methodological basis of the article is a set of cognitive methods applied to the mechanism of public procurement. The research was based on general scientific methods, namely: dialectical, which implies objectivity, comprehensiveness and systematic knowledge; logical; special methods of scientific knowledge: historical, method of systematic analysis and generalization of normative documents. The general logic of the article is based on a complex and systematic approach using modern scientific apparatus. Results of the article. The article establishes the main directions of changes in the mechanism and tools of public procurement in the countries of the European Union, which took place after the implementation of the norms of Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU, an analysis of the advantages of their implementation in national legislation of member states. The evaluation of the efficiency of the public procurement market in the EU countries was carried out. The directions and sources of further research are substantiated, first of all, by taking into account the aspects of digitalization of the sphere of public administration and finance, social and environmental innovations. Field of application of results. The results can be used by state and local self-government bodies, territorial communities, and economic entities of various forms of ownership. Conclusions. The new norms of EU legislation in the field of public procurement, set out in Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU, are aimed at simplifying procedures for public procurement of goods, works and services for budget funds, which promotes the free movement of goods and services in the countries of the European Union. As a result, customers get better value for money. Thus, public procurement becomes a tool of EU strategic policy. Although it cannot be claimed that the EU's public procurement policy is flawless, the experience of all participating countries is always taken into account in the process of its development and implementation. The EU public sector can use the procurement of goods, works and services with budget funds to increase the number of jobs, growth and investment, as well as to create an economy that is more innovative, resource and energy efficient and socially inclusive.

Editorial

Editorial

Wheat Markets and Price Stabilisation in Pakistan: An Analysis of Policy Options

This article provides a quantitative analysis of the effects of Pakistan government domestic wheat procurement, sales, and trade policies on wheat supply, demand, prices, and overall inflation. Analysis of price multipliers indicates that increases in wheat procurement prices (one means of promoting domestic procurement) have relatively small effects on the overall consumer price index. Partial equilibrium analysis of wheat markets suggests that fluctuations in production, rather than market manipulation, are plausible explanations for price increases in recent years. Comparisons of domestic and international prices suggest that promoting private sector imports is one alternative for increasing supply and stabilising market prices, particularly in years of production shortfalls. Overall, this paper concludes that market forces play a dominant role in price determination in Pakistan, and that policies that promote the private sector wheat trade can both increase price stability and reduce fiscal costs.

Deep Learning for Commodity Procurement: Nonlinear Data-Driven Optimization of Hedging Decisions

As the number of exchange-traded commodity contracts and their volatility increase, risk management through financial hedging gains importance for commodity-purchasing firms. Existing data-driven optimization approaches for hedging decisions include linear regression-based techniques. As such, they assume linear price–feature relationships and, thus, do not automatically detect nonlinear feature effects. We propose an alternative, nonlinear data-driven approach to commodity procurement based on deep learning. The prescriptive algorithm uses artificial neural networks to allow for universal approximation and requires no a priori knowledge regarding underlying price processes. We reformulate the periodic review procurement problem as a multilabel time series classification problem as the optimal bang-bang type procurement policy allows us to treat the hedging decision for each demand period as an individual subproblem that is independent of the other periods. Thereby, we are differentiating between optimal and suboptimal hedging decisions in each period and introduce a novel opportunity cost–sensitive loss function. We train maximum likelihood classifiers based on different deep learning architectures and test their performance in numerical experiments and case studies for natural gas, crude oil, nickel, and copper procurement. We show comparable performance to the state of the art for linear price–feature relationships and considerable advantages in the nonlinear case. Funding: Financial support received through the DFG as part of the AdONE GRK2201 [Grant 277991500] is gratefully acknowledged.

A Critical Scoping Review of Disability Employment Research in the Construction Industry: Driving Social Innovation through More Inclusive Pathways to Employment Opportunity

Innovation research in construction has almost exclusively focused on economic and technological innovation. In contrast, the emerging concept of social innovation has been largely ignored. This is despite the global growth of social procurement policies which incentivize construction firms to innovate in providing employment opportunities for equity-seeking groups. While there is an emerging body of research which is starting to explore innovative employment pathways into construction for certain equity-seeking groups such as women, refugees and Indigenous people, there has been relatively little research into employment pathways for people with a disability. Addressing this gap in research, this paper reports the results of a critical scoping review of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar publications on the employment of people with disability in construction. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews (PRISMA-ScR) approach, extant research was mapped across seven themes of hiring disability practices. Results indicate that research into the employment of people with disability in construction internationally remains nascent with significant knowledge gaps compared to mainstream disability employment research. These key gaps include: barriers to employment based on the lived experiences of people with disability seeking employment in construction; the facilitation of cross-sector relationships with organizations that support people with disability into employment; the reduction of biases, ingrained stigmas and inequalities in recruitment practices for people with disability; and the role of informal norms and practices in undermining formal laws, regulations and policies designed to reduce barriers to employment. The scoping review also identifies a methodological gap in the research reviewed by highlighting the need for more construction research designs to include people with disability as prioritized research participants as well as research investigators and to adopt phenomenological and interpretive approaches which respect the lived experiences of people with a disability seeking work in the construction industry.

HPR195 Assessing the Adoption of Sustainability Criteria Within National Healthcare Procurement Policies in Europe

HPR195 Assessing the Adoption of Sustainability Criteria Within National Healthcare Procurement Policies in Europe

Evaluation and Choice Criteria of Sustainable Suppliers in the Construction Industry: A Comparative Study in Brazilian Companies

This article seeks to develop criteria for evaluating sustainable suppliers in civil construction and to contribute to improving the understanding of the factors that influence the selection of sustainable suppliers. Organizations should develop strategies that motivate suppliers to participate in green supply-chain initiatives, as supplier selection can directly interfere with sustainability performance at work. However, there is a gap in the research that addresses the selection of sustainable suppliers in the Brazilian context of civil construction related to certifications for sustainable construction. To fill this gap, the present article used literature-review methodologies, content analysis, data triangulation, and field research through a survey. The literature review identifies the certifiable standards for sustainable construction most cited in the literature: LEED, AQUA, BREEAM, and CASBEE. The standards analysis allows us to identify seven similar supply criteria for sustainable construction certifications. The parameters of each certification were analyzed to define those related to the selection of suppliers, identifying those that qualify a supplier as environmentally sustainable. We found that 60.7% of respondents work in companies without certifications, 75% know sustainable procurement, 50% of companies had established a sustainable procurement policy, and 83% of companies had a strategy for selecting suppliers. The results of this research contribute to construction companies being able to rank the importance of these criteria when choosing a supplier, in addition to having access to the mapping of essential criteria, allowing a search for greater interaction between the links of the green supply chain and rendering buildings and supplies more sustainable.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PERSEKONGKOLAN TENDER (STUDI PUTUSAN KPPU NOMOR 30/KPPU-I/2019)

This journal examines the extent to which the sanctions imposed by the KPPU in its Decision No. 30/KPPU-I/2019 are in line with Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition, as well as the Regulation of the Goods/Services Procurement Policy Institution No. 12 of 2021 amending Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2018 on Government Goods and Services Procurement. It also explores whether businesses are allowed to use another company's identity in the tender process. Based on research conducted using the Competition Law, Article 22 Guidelines, and relevant regulations, collusion is identified both horizontally and vertically, so in this case PT Hapsari Nusantara Gemilang and PT Ikhlas Bangunan Sarana should be placed on a blacklist, and PT Cipta Aksara Perkasa should face administrative fines. Additionally, PT Alfa Adiel should receive sanctions for using another company's identity in the tender process, which undermines fair competition. It is recommended that businesses uphold good faith by adhering to existing regulations during the tender process

Developing social entrepreneurship through public procurement: a wicked problem!

PurposeThis paper explores attempts to deliver socioeconomic benefit by developing social enterprise within the public sector supply chain.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach is adopted which focusses on the implementation of public procurement policy intended to support social entrepreneurs (SEs) in the delivery of social care in Scotland. Socio-technical systems theory (STST) is adopted as a lens through which to explore the case.FindingsWhile acknowledging the contextual limits of the case study, the empirical findings recognise partial implementation of the measures intended to develop social entrepreneurship in the supply chain. The results, however, suggest that both the engagement levels of SEs and the expected socio economic benefits are yet to accrue fully.Social implicationsThe paper concludes that in order to achieve the expected social benefits further progress is required in engaging SEs in formal collaborations with larger, potentially for profit, organisations and also in their increased involvement in the design and commissioning of public services.Originality/valueThe innovative, cross-sectional research design uses a survey based, gap analysis to provide a nuanced comparison between the views of local authority procurement officers and the opinions prevalent within social enterprise care providers and thereby to assesses the effectiveness of public policy.

The ultra-processed food content of school meals and packed lunches in the UK, 2008–17: a pooled cross-sectional study

BackgroundBritish children have the highest ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in Europe, concerning as UPF is linked to adverse health outcomes. Schools are a potential setting for intervention, yet the rate of UPFs consumed at schools is currently unknown. This study aimed to describe the UPF content of school food in the UK and to explore differences in UPF content by meal type (school meals and packed lunches [food from home]) and children's household income. MethodsWe performed a pooled cross-sectional analysis of 1895 primary school children (aged 4–11 years) and 1408 secondary school children (aged 11–18 years) using data from the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Survey (from Feb, 2008, to June, 2017). Student's meal type was recorded using food diaries. UPF intake was defined using the NOVA food classification system. Income was measured through interview. We used quantile regression models to assess the association between meal type and lunchtime UPF intake (by both the percentage of calories and weight). We stratified models by school phase (primary or secondary) and interacted meal type with income. FindingsThe majority of schoolchildren's lunch was defined as UPFs, with secondary school children having higher median intakes of UPFs than primary school children (78% kcal [IQR 58–95] vs 73% kcal [55–86). School meals were associated with a lower median UPF intake than packed lunches for primary school children (61% kcal [IQR 44–75] vs 81% kcal [71–91]) and for secondary school children (70% kcal [IQR 48–89] vs 84% kcal [65–99]). Results were similar when UPFs were analysed as a percentage of the total weight of lunch. Overall, income was inversely associated with UPF lunch content. However, in primary school children, there was no significant association between percentage of UPF content of school meals by weight. InterpretationIn the first nationally representative study, we showed that UK school children have a high intake of UPFs at lunch. UPF intake was increased in children who consumed packed lunches, secondary school children, and children of a lower income. School meal procurement policies must be re-evaluated to protect children from high UPF intake. FundingThis study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research.

The Impact of a Sustainable Development Strategy on the Effectiveness and the Efficiency of Procurement Procedures at the Stage of Implementing a Business Code Conduct

Issues of sustainable development in the context of procurement often remain undisclosed since key attention is paid to the social and environmental impacts associated with the operational processes of enterprises. At the same time, the risks and opportunities hidden in supply chains have a signifi cant impact on achieving the sustainable development goals of the enterprise. The article provides information on the basic stage of the implementation of the sustainable development strategy in relation to procurement, which is characterized by the updating of the procurement policy of the enterprise and the use of a document regulating the expectations of the enterprise in terms of the specifi cs of building internal and external processes and procedures of suppliers, which is commonly called the code of conduct or the code of business conduct. The article presents a model of working with this document and examines its impact on the eff ectiveness of procurement procedures, depending on the dynamics of implementation and expectations of the degree of compliance with the requirements of its provisions for various categories of suppliers. It is established that consistent and step-by-step work according to the above model on the implementation of the code of conduct does not lead to a decrease in procurement efficiency.

Quo Vadis Economic Law Policy in the Procurement of Goods and Services by the Government (Comparative Study of Indonesia and the Philippines)

This paper discusses the legal development policy in the Government's Procurement of Goods and Services and to reveal the legal development sector in the regulation as well as a comparison of the Government's Procurement of Goods and Services policy between Indonesia and the Philippines. The method used in this paper is normative juridical with a statutory study approach (statue apporouch). The results of this study indicate that the direction of the government's procurement of goods and services policy is the achievement of the output and outcome of government agencies, economic improvement for both business actors and the community through economic equity and sustainable development, as well as comparisons related to government procurement of goods and services in Indonesia during the New Order era with integrity. The State Budget, however, is entering the decentralized Reform period and there are new regulations in the Government's Procurement of Goods and Services with the formation of an auction committee at each Office/Work Unit/Project Leader/Project Section. In the Philippines, it is formed in the Government Procurement Reform Act which is the basis for the regulation of Government Procurement of Goods and Services in the Philippines.