Company Policy Research Articles

The Workplace Health Promotion project in an Italian manufacturing

Abstract Introduction The Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) program aims to improve employee’s health and well-being in the workplace by intervening in lifestyles. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of the WHP promoted by the Local Health Authority Tuscany South-East at a manufacturing. Methods The program was set at the STOSA Company in Radicofani (Siena, Italy) between 31 May 2017 to 31 December 2021, with a one-year interruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on an assessment of the workers’ health status, we identified nutrition and fighting smoking as areas of intervention. The WHP project was integrated into the company policy and targeted all staff. Evaluation of interventions was conducted using an anonymous paper questionnaire (Regional Decree no. 1565, Annex 3) administered in three moments: at the beginning of the project (T0), one year later (T1), and at the end (T2). We conducted a descriptive and inferential analysis (chi-square test) with R. Results We collected 131 (T0), 136 (T1), and 123 (T2) responses. The cohort is composed entirely of males (T0 M:F 122:8, T1 130:6, T2 109:14). The median age is 40 years (SD 8.24 (T2)). There is a statistically significant difference in the perception of health status by education (p<.001), type of work (p<.001), smoking habit (p<.001), and the change in smoking habit (p<.001). The whole sample positively evaluated the interventions on nutrition and fighting to smoke. Moreover, the entire sample reported improvements in their diet since the beginning of the project. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic caused difficulties in carrying out the project and possible changes in workers’ lifestyles. However, positive outcomes were observed in the targeted areas. The company has evaluated positively the WHP’s project and decided to maintain the good practices acquired. Key messages • The workplace represents a privileged setting to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent non-communicable diseases. • Collaborations between health authorities and other sectors are strategic to reach the general population.

Food retailer actions toward the National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health to promote nutrition security: Applicability of the Business Impact Assessment-Obesity as a monitoring tool.

The White House National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health (National Strategy) encourages actions across government and society to promote nutrition security. Nutrition security includes adequate food, diet quality, and equity, and food retail settings can promote these major concepts. Of all National Strategy whole-of-society calls to action, food retailers can contribute to 15 calls as key actors. However, there is currently no standardized monitoring tool to track food retailers' commitments and actions toward the National Strategy to promote nutrition security. The Business Impact Assessment-Obesity and population-level nutrition (BIA-Obesity), a tool originally developed for corporate accountability monitoring, can be tailored for the National Strategy and nutrition security, given its standardized indicators and process to assess food company policies and commitments across six domains. We discuss the fit of the BIA-Obesity indicators for tracking food retailers' commitments and actions across four pillars of the National Strategy. Existing indicators are appropriate to monitor components of Pillar 1: Improve Food Access and Affordability; Pillar 2: Integrate Nutrition and Health; Pillar 3: Empower All Consumers to Make and Have Access to Healthy Choices; and Pillar 5: Enhance Nutrition and Food Security Research. We suggest expanding current indicators to include equity, local foods, the digital food environment, and food waste reduction to improve alignment of the BIA-Obesity with the National Strategy. Application of the BIA-Obesity as an existing tool can facilitate data cohesion and more rapid assessment of the food retailer landscape to mutually meet nutrition security goals by 2030.

Exploring the Relationship between Hygiene Factors and Job Satisfaction in Workplace

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship that exists between hygiene factors and job satisfaction (JS) among the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) personnel in the workplace. The focus shall be directed toward the diligent personnel on board at Lumut Naval Base. The present study adopts a quantitative analysis methodology, employing a straightforward descriptive approach and correlation analysis through SPSS 23, wherein a sample of 220 employees was randomly selected for analysis. The empirical evidence suggests that there exist notable associations between job satisfaction (JS) and various factors, namely company policy, salary and benefits, and interpersonal relationships. The variables of job security and working conditions do not exhibit a statistically significant correlation with job satisfaction. The findings of this study suggest that there exists a noteworthy correlation between variables towards Job Satisfaction (JS). Therefore, there is no significant correlation between Job Security and Working Conditions in JS. The study's impact extends beyond the organization, encompassing the broader field, as it adds to the body of literature about the research elements. The utilization of models and theoretical frameworks in prospective investigations presents a distinct point for comprehending and interpreting phenomena that represents a noteworthy innovation within the context study.

The Influence Of Institutional Ownership And Profitability On Company Value With Dividend Policy As A Moderating Variable

This research aims to examine the influence of institutional ownership and profitability on company value by considering dividend policy as a moderating variable in banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2022 period. The research method used is path coefficient analysis to test the relationship between variables. Data was obtained from annual reports of banking companies registered on the IDX. The research results show that there is a positive and significant influence between the profitability variable on company value with a significance value of 0.006 (<0.05) while the institutional ownership variable does not have a positive and insignificant influence with a significance value of 0.309 (>0.05). Apart from that, dividend policy as a moderating variable is able to influence the relationship between profitability and company value with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), while dividend policy is not able to influence the relationship between institutional ownership and company value. Thus, the conclusion of this research is that institutional ownership has no effect on company value with or without considering dividend policy, while profitability has a direct and significant influence on company value with or without considering dividend policy. Therefore, company management needs to pay attention to these factors in managing company policies and investments to increase long-term company value.

What is the Impact of Economic Welfare on Social Responsibility Disclosure in Indonesian Manufacturing Companies?

This research was conducted to prove that the economic welfare of the community is related to and has an influence on the existence of corporate social responsibility activities. The findings in this study assume the existence of the Covid-19 as a period that has an impact on the global crisis. The effects of the global crisis caused companies to experience a decline in net sales, and policies on corporate social activities changed. This study tries to link the variables of public ownership and net sales of companies to disclosure of social responsibility and the economic welfare of the community. The sampling design in this study uses a list of manufacture companies included in the Kompas 100 index list for two consecutive years, namely 2020 and 2021, which is the period when the health crisis in Indonesia began. The results of this study are that the variables of public ownership structure and net sales index have a significant relationship with social responsibility disclosure. However, the disclosure of social responsibility is not significant to economic welfare. Public ownership brings the company more attention from the surrounding community. Meanwhile, sales growth is used as a company measure to satisfy company owners and benefit the community. With company policies that benefit the community, supporting the government improves economic welfare. Keywords: CSR disclosure, public ownership, net sales, economic well-being

The Nexus Between Corporate Governance, CSR, and Firm Value: Tax Avoidance as an Intervening Variable

This research investigates the role of tax avoidance in the relationship between corporate governance, firm value, and corporate social responsibility. The research design is explanatory research, through hypothesis testing. 175 manufacturing companies were observed from 2017 to 2021, with a sample size of 875. A panel regression and leverage acted as a control variable using SPSS software, after conducting models and robustness tests. The findings show the influence of tax avoidance on institutional ownership and economic corporate social responsibility (CSR). Tax avoidance partially mediates the relationship between institutional ownership and firm value, and fully mediates between economic CSR and firm value. The implication for academics and practitioners is that enabling corporate governance requires institutional owners to supervise the determination of company managerial policies. Additionally, the economic CSR program can reduce tax avoidance and is responded to positively by investors. The limitations of the research are that for the constant value to be significant, additional variables should be added to the model. Further research could include adding company performance, gender, and intellectual capital variables. Keywords: corporate governance, corporate responsibility, tax avoidance, leverage, firm value

Certain aspects of legal support of ESG-strategy at the enterprise

The article is devoted to disclosing, from the legal point of view, the peculiarities of implementation and application of an ESG strategy at an enterprise through local acts of the enterprise. Today’s reality for Ukraine is the forced need to live and develop under the influence of destabilizing factors. A global trend that is designed, among other things, to counteract destabilizing factors is the comprehensive implementation of sustainable development goals. A practical reflection of the implementation of such goals at the level of an individual business entity is an ESG strategy, through the implementation of which a domestic business entity will not only be able to ensure its compliance with the relevant state policy, but will also potentially be able to build a system of counteracting destabilizing factors. In addition, the implementation of an ESG strategy can contribute to the post-war recovery of Ukraine. One of the goals that can be implemented in the short term is Goal 7, Renewable Energy. Decarbonization is a partial means of solving this problem. An ESG strategy can be used to implement decarbonization processes at the enterprise level, as it contains an environmental component. In addition to the environmental component, the ESG strategy also includes economic and social components, which opens up opportunities for the implementation of almost all sustainable development goals through it. The most effective model that will contribute to the optimal provision of the legal economic order is the introduction of ESG through a combination of elements of state regulation and self-regulation, but given the overload of the state apparatus, it is still advisable to implement ESG at the level of an individual business entity through the use of self­regulation mechanisms. One of the most promising legal means for implementing and applying an ESG strategy at the level of an individual enterprise is local rulemaking. For companies that do not have a complex organizational structure, it is advisable to use a single local act - a regulation or a comprehensive company policy. For companies with a complex organizational structure, it is advisable to use such a legal structure as an internal business agreement.

An Examination of the Effectiveness of Various Performance Appraisal Objectives in the Indian Mining Industry

Mining plays a vital role in Indian industry. In the 1990s it accounted for around 3% of GDP, but now it is around 2%. The Indian state of Goa has a thriving mining industry as it has a billion tonnes of iron ore reserves. It exports around 30 million tonnes of iron ore per year. Mineral-based industries include the steel industry and heavy machinery industry. These industries also use minerals and metals as raw materials. Performance appraisal systems have become an important tool for companies to evaluate and maximize employee performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems. Performance appraisal has become increasingly part of a more strategic approach to integrating HR activities with company policies and is now regarded as a general term covering a range of activities through which companies attempt to evaluate their employees and develop their capabilities to improve performance and reward.

Analisis Kebijakan Investasi, Kebijakan Hutang, Kebijakan Dividen dan Nilai Perusahaan Sektor Energi

Purpose: This research aims to partially analyze the influence of investment policy, debt policy and dividend policy on firm value in energy sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2018-2022 period. Methodology: This research uses quantitative methods. The population in this research was 75 companies. The sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique of 14 companies. The data used in this research is secondary data from energy sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2018-2022, the amount of data is 70. The analytical tool used in this research is panel data regression with the help of E-views 12 software. Results: The results of this study show that investment policy and dividend policy have a positive significant effect on firm value, while debt policy does not have a significant effect on firm value. Limitations: The limitation of this research is that the value of the coefficient of determination (R²) is only 62.05%, which is still relatively low because it is below 80%. Besides that, there is one hypothesis that can not be proven, namely the debt policy variable. Contribution: This research can be used as consideration for investors before investing because the three company policies, namely investment policy, debt policy and dividend policy can provide an overview of the firm's condition.

A review of Peyronie's disease insurance coverage.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a fibroproliferative disorder that causes an abnormal curve of the penis resulting in pain, discomfort, and erectile dysfunction with management options including correctional surgery, penile external/internal devices, shock wave therapy (SWT), intralesional Verapamil (IV), and collagenase Clostridium histolyticum injections. To investigate the insurance coverage of these treatment options. The authors performed a cross-sectional analysis of the top US insurance policies for coverage of PD. Companies were chosen based on their market share and enrollment. Their policies were identified through a Web-based search and telephone interviews, and the companies' medical necessity criteria were defined. The online policies were then re-examined for interval change 3 years later. There are significant discrepancies for in coverage for the different modalities of Peyronie's treatment. Of the 100 companies examined, only 54% of companies had a policy that directly addressed the treatment coverage for PD. The most covered treatment was CCH injections with 37 companies providing unanimous coverage (n = 37, 100%). Within this category, all companies required a palpable plaque as a requirement. Additionally, external/internal devices were unanimous covered by 18 companies (n = 18, 100%). Surgical treatment was covered by eight companies with six companies denying coverage (n = 8 vs. n = 6, 57.1% vs. 42.9%). IV was covered by two companies. The least covered treatment option was SWT which was universally denied by 19 companies (n = 19, 100%). Insurance coverage of PD should be aligned with current medical literature to better increase access to care. This study is limited by the updated policies of insurance companies and future applicability. Additionally, this study assumes that a written policy will provide coverage and may overestimate the actual extent of coverage. Finally, this study only addressed some of the common treatment options of PD and did not expand on all possible treatment options. Differing rates for modalities of treatment may present a barrier for patients to receive individualized and adequate treatment for PD.

Engine option in aircraft purchase: Company strategies and policy implications

Airlines select an aircraft’s engine simultaneously while purchasing the aircraft. Usually, an aircraft model has multiple engine options, but recently the number of engine options has been decreasing. We develop a three-echelon supply chain model including engine manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, and airlines to analyze the engine options in airlines’ new aircraft purchases. We show that given an airline’s existing fleet composition, larger fleet size and higher aircraft production efficiency would make it more likely to choose multiple engine options. In contrast, higher production costs and engine substitutability would lead to a shift to a single engine or hinder the airline’s fleet expansion. In the model, we highlight the impact of MRO (Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul) costs with economies of scale on airline engine option decisions as well. In particular, our theoretical findings suggest that the airline would buy more aircraft that are the majority types in their existing fleets, thus crowding out the minority ones. Our findings provide a reasonable explanation for the homogeneity of engine options and provide policy implications regarding airline expansion and aviation supply chain development.

Exploring Management Practices in the Hospitality Industry: A Comprehensive Employee Perspective

This study explores management practices within the hospitality industry from the perspective of employees, focusing on various aspects of management effectiveness and employee engagement. A questionnaire survey was conducted among employees from different hospitality establishments, revealing a significant gender disparity in representation, with 75.4% male and 26.6% female respondents. Key findings indicate a strong consensus among participants regarding the importance of quality management practices, with a majority supporting new management styles aimed at enhancing quality across departments. Senior executives were generally perceived as effective communicators of company policies, with 53% of respondents expressing agreement on this matter. Furthermore, a notable percentage (76.1%) of employees acknowledged the responsibility of top management in ensuring quality performance. Leadership capability among managers was deemed essential, with 51.5% of participants strongly agreeing on its significance. Continuous self-improvement among managers received substantial support (44.8% agreement), alongside recognition of the necessity for information sharing among departmental managers. The results also highlighted a prevailing focus on quality strategies within hotels, with 47.8% of respondents agreeing that their establishments prioritize quality over quantity.

LGBTQIA+ individuals face significant employment disparities due to discrimination, limited job opportunities, and lack of inclusive policies. To address this, we must create innovative solutions for equal access to employment, supportive workplaces, and career success

This paper explores the challenges faced by LGBT individuals in the workplace, including discrimination from colleagues, superiors, and company policies. Surveys reveal high rates of harassment and mistreatment, despite legal protections. Prestigious companies like Apple and Burger King are leading efforts in promoting LGBT inclusion. The paper advocates for open-minded leadership in creating inclusive, discrimination-free environments, crucial for fostering healthier work cultures. It also proposes innovative solutions for improving equal access to employment, supportive workplaces, and career success for the LGBTQIA+ community, with a focus on India.

DOES GREEN MARKETING WORK? CONSUMER REACTIONS TOWARD GREEN APPROACHES

This article examines green marketing approaches and effects on consumers in various societies. Currently green marketing notion spreads faster than before, even in developing countries and this tendencies prove the importance of sustainable and green approaches in markets. People have been becoming more environmental conscious because of the results surrounded them. Disposition against over-consumption, criticizing careless actions of companies made firms modify company policies and cultures. Now, changing behaviors of customers force companies to produce more sustainable, green products and services. However, there are organizations and people argue that green marketing just a new marketing method for making situation legitimate. This article explores the consequences of greenwashing deceptions.

DOES A REDUCTION IN TAX RATES INFLUENCE TAX AGGRESSIVENESS? AN ANALYSIS WITH ADDITIONAL FACTORS

This study investigates the effect of reduction tax rates in Indonesia and other factors that may impact tax aggressiveness. This study employs multiple linear regression analysis, using E-Views 12 as analytical software. A sample of fourteen real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2017 to 2023 was identified through purposive sampling. This study relies on secondary data derived from the company's financial statements. The results showed that the reduction in tax rates and the presence of independent commissioners did not significantly affect tax aggressiveness. In contrast, institutional ownership and profitability factors positively correlate with tax aggressiveness, while leverage shows a negative correlation. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to the development of taxation policies for companies in Indonesia, aiming to reduce aggressive taxation practices and assist companies in their tax-related decision-making framework.

Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Leverage dan Return On Asset (ROA) Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Dibursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2021-2023

This research aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, ownership structure, leverage, and Return On Assets (ROA) on dividend policy in companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2021-2023 period. Dividend policy is an important decision for a company in determining the allocation of profits that will be distributed to shareholders and those that will be retained for investment purposes. Liquidity reflects a company's ability to meet short-term obligations, while ownership structure highlights the role of shareholders and managers in decision making. Leverage, which indicates the use of debt in financing, and ROA, as an indicator of profitability, are also considered important factors influencing dividend policy. This research differs from previous research with the addition of leverage variables as well as differences in population, sample and research period. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence dividend policy and its implications for company value.

MECHANISM OF TAX CONSULTING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE TAX COMPONENT OF ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SECURITY

The article considers the mechanism of tax consultancy as an important element of the management of the tax component of the economic security of an enterprise, which is particularly relevant in the context of constant changes in tax legislation and growing requirements for transparency of financial statements. Tax consultancy is a complex process of providing companies with qualified assistance in the field of tax planning, optimisation of tax liabilities and management of tax risks. It is substantiated that tax consulting not only helps to reduce the tax burden, but also ensures compliance of the company's tax policy with the requirements of current legislation, which, in turn, is a guarantee of long-term stability and financial sustainability of the company. The article examines the structural elements of the tax liability management mechanism, which include tax planning, ensuring conditions for timely and correct calculation of tax liabilities, as well as organisational and control components. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the tax planning process as one of the key stages of tax consulting. It is determined that effective tax planning allows an enterprise to optimise the structure of income and expenses, thereby reducing the tax burden and ensuring the rational use of financial resources. This paper considers the methods of ensuring compliance with tax reporting requirements as an important factor in the process of tax consulting. The function of tax consultancy in the formulation and execution of strategies designed to mitigate tax risks and enhance the efficacy of enterprise financial management is established. The necessity of utilising contemporary information technologies in the domain of tax consulting is underscored, as this enables the enhancement of the precision and efficacy of managerial resolutions pertaining to taxation. It can be concluded that effective tax consulting plays a pivotal role in enhancing the economic resilience of an enterprise. It serves to fortify the enterprise against external and internal threats, including those posed by shifts in the tax environment and economic challenges.

Food and beverage manufacturing and retailing company policies and commitments to improve the healthfulness of Canadian food environments

BackgroundFood and beverage companies play a central role in shaping the healthfulness of food environments.MethodsThe BIA-Obesity tool was used to evaluate and benchmark the specificity, comprehensiveness and transparency of the food environment-related policies and commitments of leading food and beverage manufacturing and retailing companies in Canada. Policies and commitments related to the healthfulness of food environments within 6 action areas were assessed: 1) corporate nutrition strategy; 2) product (re)formulation; 3) nutrition information and labelling; 4) product and brand promotion; 5) product accessibility; and 6) disclosure of relationships with external organizations. Data were collected from publicly available sources, and companies were invited to supplement and validate information collected by the research team. Each company was then assigned a score out of 100 for each action area, and an overall BIA-Obesity score out of 100.ResultsOverall BIA-Obesity scores for manufacturers ranged from 18 to 75 out of 100 (median = 49), while scores for retailers ranged from 21 to 25 (median = 22). Scores were highest within the product (re)formulation (median = 60) followed by the corporate nutrition strategy (median = 59) domain for manufacturers, while retailers performed best within the corporate nutrition strategy (median = 53), followed by the disclosure of relationships with external organizations (median = 47) domain. Companies within both sectors performed worst within the product accessibility domain (medians = 8 and 0 for manufacturers and retailers, respectively).ConclusionsThis study highlights important limitations to self-regulatory approaches of the food and beverage industry to improve the healthfulness of food environments. Although some companies had specific, comprehensive, and transparent policies and commitments to address the healthfulness of food environments in Canada, most fell short of recommended best-practice. Additional mandatory government policies and regulations may be warranted to effectively transform Canadian food environments to promote healthier diets and prevent related non-communicable diseases.

Pengaruh siklus hidup, profitabilitas, utang, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan indeks LQ45 di Indonesia

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of life cycle, profitability, leverage, and firm size on dividend policy in LQ45 index companies for the 2021-2023 period. Life cycle is measured by RETE, profitability is measured by ROA, leverage is measured by DER, firm size is measured by total assets natural logarithms, and dividend policy is measured by DPR. This type of research is a quantitative research on influence using secondary data. The sampling technique used was probability sampling with the proportionate stratified random sampling method and produced 27 samples of companies from 45 companies. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of the study partially show that the life cycle has an effect on dividend policy, and profitability, leverage and firm size have no effect on dividend policy. The results of the study simultaneously show that life cycle, profitability, leverage and firm size have an effect on dividend policy.

RUSSIAN RETAIL TRADE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATE

The present paper contains a description of article the current state of the retail market in the Russian Federation. The main trends of the development of retail in Russia are shown. These trends include the growth of digital retail, the emergence of new retail formats adapted to the changing purchas-ing power of the population, the entry of federal retail operators into new regional markets and the acquisition of small retail companies by large chains. A major threat to the sustainable development of retail may be a shortage of labor, which requires a revision of the policies of retail companies in the field of personnel management.