Policy Implementation Process Research Articles

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA SECARA ELEKTRONIK PADA BAGIAN PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG

The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of electronic goods and services procurement policies in the Procurement Division of the Regional Secretariat of Parigi Moutong Regency. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and triangulation. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman method, which involves data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The model used in this research is the one developed by Edward III, known as A Model of the Policy Implementation Process. This model identifies four variables that influence the relationship between policy and performance: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of electronic goods and services procurement in Parigi Moutong Regency has not been optimal. The communication aspect has been functioning well with coordination and socialization in place, but the aspects of resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure are still suboptimal. The main obstacles are the limited number of human resources with IT expertise and inadequate infrastructure. Disposition is not yet optimal as many OPDs (Regional Government Organizations) still use manual methods, and the bureaucratic structure is not fully supportive due to the lack of clear technical guidelines or SOPs. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of electronic goods and services procurement in Parigi Moutong Regency has not been optimal. While the communication aspect is functioning well, the aspects of resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure need improvement to achieve better performance.

Evaluation of marine economic development demonstration zone policy on marine industrial structure optimization: a case study of Zhejiang, China

The marine economic development demonstration zone (MEDDZ) is the regional marine functional policy that assumes the significant tasks of innovation in the system and mechanism of the marine economy, optimization of the marine industrial structures, and the construction of marine ecological civilization. This paper constructs a panel database of 11 coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, takes the Zhejiang Marine Economy Development Demonstration Zone Plan officially approved by the State Council of China in 2011 as a quasi-natural experiment, applies the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of implementation of the MEDDZ policy on marine industrial structure optimization in Zhejiang. The results show that: (1) The MEDDZ policy significantly promotes the structure optimization of the marine industry in Zhejiang and the existence of the policy lag phenomenon. (2) Based on the results of the robustness tests, we find that the fitted path of policy effects is better when the time of MEDDZ implementation is adjusted to 2012. (3) Government financial support and marine cargo capacity play a role in implementing the MEDDZ policy, positively affecting and optimizing the coastal marine industry’s structure. Therefore, we make some suggestions from the perspectives of strengthening the policy implementation process, focusing on the policy lag phenomenon, and broadening funding sources, thus enriching theoretical research on policies in the field of the marine industry and providing practical references for the development of other coastal demonstration zones.

Refining Innovative Teaching Processes for Core Competencies Among Teachers in Vocational Universities: An Exploratory Mixed-Method Approach Informed by China's Reform Policy

Objective: This study aims to explore stakeholders' perspectives on the "1+X" certificate policy and its impact on innovative teaching methods to enhance instructors' core abilities at vocational colleges. It also aims to develop a management model for innovation processes based on this policy and instructors' essential skills. Theoretical Framework: The project involves key stakeholders, including executives, teachers, and students. Consequently, this study commences with an exploration of the policy implementation process, drawing upon the practical experiences of these key stakeholders. Subsequently, it seeks to evaluate the proficiency levels of university teachers. Lastly, it endeavors to examine the relationship between the key factors of the innovative management process and teachers' competencies. Method: Using a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach, qualitative data was collected from vocational college administrators, industrial managers, and certified instructors in Yunnan and Chongqing in 2023. A purposive sample of 30 individuals was analyzed using data from institutional reports, interviews, and focus groups, with thematic analysis for interpretation. Results and Discussion: Qualitative findings identified three key factors affecting the management of innovative teaching processes and teachers' core competencies: policy implementation, training, and knowledge transfer. Based on these insights, the PTKT model was proposed and empirically tested with PLS-SEM. Results showed that knowledge transfer plays a mediating role between policy implementation and teacher core competencies, as well as between training and teacher core competencies, with all hypotheses supported. Research Implications: The study provides dual recommendations. For innovation management, it suggests administrators and HR managers focus on continuous skill development before, during, and after training, emphasizing aspects such as recruitment, selection, fostering a supportive work environment, and enhancing knowledge transfer. For future research, it proposes adopting action research methodologies, customizing courses, and engaging in project-based training and R&D activities to facilitate mutual learning.

"Listen with your ears and eyes and heart and your minds and your soul": Implications for decolonising consultation and occupational therapy from case studies on "Closing the Gap" policy implementation.

Including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities through consultation has been a key feature of policy implementation throughout the Australian Government's "Closing the Gap" (CTG) strategy. However, consultation often reinforces power imbalances between government and local community and can undervalue or marginalise Indigenous knowledge and leadership. Occupational therapy has a short history of examining colonial power structures within the profession, but there has been limited progress to decolonise consultation and practice. Drawing on decolonising research methodology and positioned at the interface of knowledge, comparative case studies were used to understand policy implementation in two regions. In Shepparton, Victoria, CTG policy was implemented predominately through an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, and in Southern Adelaide, South Australia, CTG policy was implemented through mainstream state government and non-government providers in the absence of a local Aboriginal-controlled organisation. Findings were examined critically to identify implications for occupational therapy. Our case studies showed that policy stakeholders perceived consultation to be tokenistic and partnerships were viewed differently by Aboriginal and non-Indigenous participants. Participants identified the need to move beyond a rhetoric of "working with" Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, to promote Aboriginal leadership and really listen to community so that policy can respond to local need. The findings of this research show that Aboriginal-controlled services are best positioned to conduct and respond to community consultation. A decolonising approach to consultation would shift the status quo in policy implementation in ways that realign power away from colonial structures towards collaboration with Indigenous leadership and the promotion of Aboriginal-controlled services. There are lessons for occupational therapy from this research on policy implementation on authentic, decolonised consultation as a key feature of policy implementation. Shifting power imbalances through prioritising Indigenous leadership and honouring what is shared can drive change in CTG policy implementation processes and outcomes.

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

Analysis of the Implementation of Territorial Development Policy by the Indonesian Army (TNI AD) for Social Conflict Prevention in KODIM 0618/City of Bandung

The implementation of the Indonesian Army (TNI - AD) Territorial Development Policy is based on the policy implementation process approach which has several dimensions, namely size and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, communication, disposition, social, economic and political environment. This research uses a post-positivism paradigm with qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and document studies. The result is the Implementation of the Army Territorial Development Policy for the prevention of social conflict in Kodim 0618 / Bandung City, the researcher concluded that the implementation of the policy has not been carried out optimally because it has experienced several obstacles. Lack of clear information about territorial development to the TNI and the community, information that is not clear enough can complicate understanding of territorial development. The obstacle in the implementation can be caused by the low human resource factor.

Analisis Kebijakan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Kota Baubau

This study aims to examine the Complete Systematic Land Registration (CSLR) policy in Baubau City and its impact on sustainable development. This study used qualitative methods by using interviews, document analysis, and field observations to collect data. A sample of respondents consisting of government officials, community members, and community leaders was selected by purposive sampling. Based on the analysis conducted, this study concludes that the successful implementation of CSLR policies in Baubau City has significant implications for sustainable development, including inclusive economic growth, social stability, and increased community participation in the regional development process. Understanding the dynamics of this policy can assist the government and stakeholders in implementing appropriate measures to ensure its sustainable benefits to the people and environment in the city. This research makes a significant contribution to the field of public policy and sustainable development by increasing understanding of policy effectiveness approaches in the context of land registration policies at the local level. This research also provides insight into the factors that influence the successful implementation of CSLR policies. However, this study on CSLR policy and sustainable development in Baubau City has some limitations. The study focuses only on policy aspects without considering the perspectives of local communities, who have unique knowledge and experience and can provide valuable insights into policy implications. Therefore, future research needs to expand the scope of analysis to include policy results, implementation processes, and constraints faced by policy implementers and the public.

Human Resource Management Strategy in Permanent Nurseries in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (Case Study in Six Permanent Nursery Locations of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West Java Province)

The main focus in evaluation is aspects such as policy foundations, program support, implementation processes, and success of HR programs

Coordinating school improvement: Understanding the impact of state implementation approach on coordination in multilevel governance systems

AbstractMultilevel governance is theorized to facilitate effective policy implementation by encouraging the use of local knowledge and expertise, enabling the participation of non‐government actors, and capitalizing on the coordinating and sanctioning authority of centralized governments. Whether a particular multilevel governance arrangement achieves this, however, depends in part on the degree to which it enables coordination among governmental and non‐governmental actors representing different levels and jurisdictions. Using a comparative case study of education governance reform in the United States, this study investigates how differences in state policy implementation approach impact the structure and mode of coordination in multilevel governance systems and considers the effects this has on policy implementation processes. The results indicate that a state's implementation approach impacts coordination by structuring how different levels of government interact, share information, and influence policy. Specifically, variation in the structure of the central governing agency directly enables or restricts the influence of bottom‐up coordination from lower levels of government. The results also highlight the theoretical limitations of current binary structure models of multilevel governance (i.e., centralized vs. decentralized, top‐down vs. bottom‐up, hierarchy vs. network) for capturing important nuances in policy coordination. These findings advance the understanding of policy coordination in multilevel governance systems and inform the design of institutional arrangements that balance trade‐offs in centralization and the delegation of authority across governance systems during policy implementation.

Understanding health system resilience in responding to COVID-19 pandemic: experiences and lessons from an evolving context of federalization in Nepal

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resilience capacities of health systems worldwide and highlighted the need to understand the concept, pathways, and elements of resilience in different country contexts. In this study, we assessed the health system response to COVID-19 in Nepal and examined the processes of policy formulation, communication, and implementation at the three tiers of government, including the dynamic interactions between tiers. Nepal was experiencing the early stages of federalization reform when COVID-19 pandemic hit the country, and clarity in roles and capacity to implement functions were the prevailing challenges, especially among the subnational governments.MethodsWe adopted a cross-sectional exploratory design, using mixed methods. We conducted a desk-based review of all policy documents introduced in response to COVID-19 from January to December 2020, and collected qualitative data through 22 key informant interviews at three tiers of government, during January-March 2021. Two municipalities were purposively selected for data collection in Lumbini province. Our analysis is based on a resilience framework that has been developed by our research project, ReBUILD for Resilience, which helps to understand pathways to health system resilience through absorption, adaptation and transformation.ResultsIn the newly established federal structure, the existing emergency response structure and plans were utilized, which were yet to be tested in the decentralized system. The federal government effectively led the policy formulation process, but with minimal engagement of sub-national governments. Local governments could not demonstrate resilience capacities due to the novelty of the federal system and their consequent lack of experience, confusion on roles, insufficient management capacity and governance structures at local level, which was further aggravated by the limited availability of human, technical and financial resources.ConclusionsThe study findings emphasize the importance of strong and flexible governance structures and strengthened capacity of subnational governments to effectively manage pandemics. The study elaborates on the key areas and pathways that contribute to the resilience capacities of health systems from the experience of Nepal. We draw out lessons that can be applied to other fragile and shock-prone settings.

Urban density and the urban forest: How well are cities balancing them in the context of climate change?

Urban forests are gaining recognition as a nature-based solution to climate change and other social-environmental issues in cities. Yet, the integration of urban forests may conflict with other climate measures such as urban densification, which may create hostile growing conditions for trees and lead to tree decline or loss. While previous studies have identified conflicts between densification and urban forests, there is a lack of research mapping the relationships among climate action, urban planning, and urban forest policies. This study involved semi-structured interviews with 14 key informants in Metro Vancouver, Canada, a rapidly-densifying region.Twenty-six trade-offs and 24 synergies were identified in five areas/sectors, such as (re)development and infrastructure. While strategic policies often highlighted synergies, policy implementation processes and outcomes often encountered trade-offs due to factors such as limited budgets and low political priority. Notably, most trade-offs and synergies were found in the same areas - (re)development and infrastructure - and shared the same contributing factors, such as political priority of urban forestry, suggesting areas of opportunity to transform trade-offs into synergies through appropriate planning and monitoring. The study also highlighted the need for further research on the interactions and impacts among municipal policies for more effective implementation and outcomes.

Penerapan Paradigma Whole Of Government dalam Pelayanan Pusat Pembelajaran Keluarga pada Kelurahan Pakis, Kecamatan Sawahan, Kota Surabaya

This study aims to reveal the form of the Whole of Government paradigm in the implementation of the PUSPAGA Balai RW program in Surabaya City. The policy implementation review uses Edward III's policy implementation factor analysis, which states the success of policy implementation on four factors, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research location is in RW 03, Pakis, Sawahan District, Surabaya City. The research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research data uses secondary data and primary data. Secondary data collection techniques use literature study techniques. Primary data collection uses two methods, namely observation and interview. The observations were conducted for four months from September to December. Interviews were conducted with two informants, namely Kasie Kesra, Village, and Surabaya RW 3 Cadre Coordinator Village. The results revealed that the four factors of Edward III's policy implementation had been well implemented. The Puspaga policy implementation process involves various stakeholders to achieve program success. The Puspaga program in RW 3 Village, has a positive impact on community welfare because it reduces the number of Domestic Violence. Based on this description, it was concluded that the Puspaga program is an application of the Whole of Government Paradigm.

The role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in HondurasPapel dos profissionais de enfermagem no desenvolvimento e na atenção à saúde de adolescentes em Honduras

Identify and analyze the role of nursing professionals in the development and care of adolescent health in Honduras, by analyzing the curricular content of the training provided to nursing students with respect to adolescent health, and by studying policies on adolescent health. Mixed methods study, with a sequential explanatory approach, carried out from May to July 2023 through surveys of nursing schools, analysis of policy documents, a survey with nursing professionals, and a focus group. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data, applying the theoretical framework of Walt and Gilson. During the research, 18 documents were analyzed and seven nursing schools, 141 nurses, and 10 key actors in leadership positions participated. The results point to the need to update and disseminate the regulatory framework, ensure the necessary resources and structure to implement sustainable intersectoral programs, and train professionals. Schools are an important space for the implementation of actions; in this context, the adoption of school nursing programs could be beneficial. Nurses were identified as key figures in program implementation and should be taken into consideration when developing policies aimed at adolescents. Nurses participate in various stages of the policy implementation process and can make important contributions to school health at the first level of care. To this end, it is necessary to increase the capacities of nurses and nursing educators in relation to current and relevant issues in adolescent care.

Group Dynamics and Public Policy Formation: Insights from Nigerian Society

This paper appraises the theoretical assumptions of group theory within the purview of public policy with a specific focus on the Nigerian context. It begins by providing conceptual clarity on policy, public policy, and public policy analysis to lay the foundation for the subsequent discussion. The paper then examines the underlying assumptions of group theory and critiques its applicability within public policy discourse. Through the analysis of secondary data, this paper explores the role of group theory in shaping policy formulation and implementation processes. It highlights the significant influence of group actions on government policies, illustrating how various interest groups exert pressure and influence decision-making processes. This paper concludes that public policy emerges as a result of collective agitation and interaction within a given society. It recognises that various groups play pivotal roles in shaping policy outcomes, yet their actions are typically governed by established rules, fostering a climate of peaceful competition among competing interests.

Transformative organizational and programmatic change? Civil society responses to the Canadian Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP)

AbstractMotivationThe article aims to examine how Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) shaped efforts of civil society organizations to address gender equality through organizational and programmatic change. FIAP and other feminist policies have direct implications as to how organizations design and administer their work to address gender inequality and on how funding agencies and foundations administer and support this work.Research QuestionWhat are the opportunities and limitations to FIAP's implementation based on the experiences of civil society organizations' efforts to address gender inequality?Approach and methodsData collection for this article took place between 2019 and 2021, beginning two years after the launch of FIAP. This research adopted a mixed‐methods grounded theory approach, where the collected data shaped the conceptual framework. An online survey, interviews, participatory workshops, and media analysis were included in the data collection. Staff from civil society organizations and the University of Ottawa supported the research design process. A response rate of 50% was achieved with a total of 42 respondents out of 83 organizations responding to the survey. A total of 15 interviews were conducted with gender equality specialists based in Canadian international organizations.FindingsAnalysis from data collected in 2019 with gender specialists and civil society organization (CSO) staff, as well as analysis of media coverage of challenges faced by feminist organizations in 2020 and 2021 revealed that the potential for CSO investment through staff support (financial, training and government guidance) could only be partially realized within the “unfeminist” structural landscape in which development programmes oversee the administration of under‐represented groups.Policy implicationsThis study demonstrates the limitations around building stronger linkages between policy formation and implementation processes, and also the opportunities. The authors argue that strengthening engagement with feminist networks globally could align policy priorities with those identified by grassroots movements, while influencing how funding agencies value feminist practice in CSOs.

Memahami Dinamika Administrasi Publik dan Implementasi Kebijakan

Abstract. This study aims to explore and analyze the factors that lead to the persistent discrepancy between policy formulation and effective implementation in public administration.
 By utilizing secondary data obtained from various scientific sources, this study uses qualitative research methods to provide insight into the complex dynamics that influence the outcome of policy implementation.
 The findings of this study emphasize several key factors influencing policy implementation. First, bureaucratic structure and organizational processes are identified as elements that significantly affect implementation results. This study reveals that inefficient bureaucratic practices and systemic barriers often hinder effective policy translation into practice. Moreover, the role of leadership in ensuring the successful implementation of policies in public administration emerges as another important factor. Effective leadership, with its ability to mobilize resources and inspire commitment, plays a critical role in driving successful policy implementation. Furthermore, political factors were found to greatly influence the dynamics of policy implementation. Research shows that political instability, self-interest, and ideological conflict can hinder effective policy implementation, leading to sub-optimal outcomes. To bridge the gap between policy formulation and implementation, this study outlines the main strategies. This strategy includes improving communication channels, stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and cultivating a culture of accountability and transparency within the administrative system.
 In conclusion, this research sheds light on the complexities surrounding policy implementation in public administration. By understanding the multifaceted nature of the problem and adopting strategic interventions, policymakers can work towards achieving a more effective and efficient policy implementation process.
 Keywords: Bureaucratic structure; Organizational processes; Policy implementation; Political factors, Public administration

Youth Entrepreneurship: Essential Tool for Socio-economic Development and Growth

A consistent surge in the population of young people in prior years made it imperative for attention to issues related to youth unemployment to transcend national borders to include regional and global levels. Thus, issues related to youth, specifically youth unemployment, gained global recognition several decades ago. However, the decades-long initiatives of the United Nations to address youth unemployment challenges have yielded little or no socio-economic results. The purpose of this research was to examine the implications of youth unemployment rates for national and global unemployment rates during the research period. The quantitative approach to scientific inquiry was adapted and used in the study. Specifically, a cross-sectional design formed the basis of the research. Data required for the conduct of the research were obtained mainly from secondary sources. These included textbooks, peer-reviewed articles published in journals and grey literature from youth advocates. Other sources were Google Search Engine, including Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana’s Ministry of Youth and Sports, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNCTAD, UNFPA, UNDP, OECD and EU, and electronic databases of the World Bank, ILO and Commonwealth, among other significant sources. Respective data on Ghana’s annual youth unemployment rates and national unemployment rates from 2000 through 2019, as well as respective 2019 national youth unemployment rates and national unemployment rates for one hundred and eighty-seven (187) economies, were used in the research. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to describe the research variables and to evaluate their behaviour over the stated time frame on national and global unemployment rates. The study revealed that widespread joblessness is taking an adverse toll on this generation’s ability to contribute its meaningful quota towards a prosperous, happy and healthy future. The level of progress made in business development by most advanced, emerging and developing economies was not found to have a strong relationship with youth-centred policies and programmes. As of 2016, the United States and Canada had no national youth policy. Findings from the research revealed a positive and significant relationship between the youth unemployment rate and national unemployment rate (coefficient value = 0.489206843; p = 0.000, p < 0.05) and a positive but non-significant relationship between global youth unemployment rate and global unemployment rate (coefficient value = 0.447986211; p = 4.60249, p > 0.05). Youth unemployment rate accounted for about 52.97% of the variation in national unemployment rate; while global youth unemployment rate accounted for about 86.05% of the variation in global unemployment rate during the period. The statistical analysis confirmed and validated, to a large extent, the severity of the youth unemployment phenomenon at the national level, a clarion call for active participation of the youth in policy formulation and implementation process, and the need for expeditious implementation of youth intervention programmes such as youth entrepreneurship to assure effective participation of the youth in the national development agenda. There is an urgent need for global economies to thoroughly examine their existing financing models and emerge with financial products tailored to address the specific financial needs of participating young people to ensure the success of intended youth development programmes. Encouraging performance-based lending to the neglect of collateral-based lending would draw each economy closer to the realisation of this objective. Embedding youth entrepreneurial initiatives in well-rehearsed and thought-out national youth policy and walking the talk through practical implementation would facilitate the transformation of current and projected increase in regional and world youth populations from socio-economic liabilities to competitive, productive and invaluable assets at the national, sub-regional, regional and global levels.

Exploring Implementation Barriers of Elite Parasport Programs in National Parasport Organizations

Policy implementation has received attention from the literature. However, there has been a lack of research on the implementation barriers affecting elite parasport policies. In response to this literature gap, this research explored the perceptions of managers regarding aspects making the policy implementation processes more challenging in Brazilian parasport organizations. Focusing on elite programs, twenty-six managers of five national parasport organizations were interviewed. A qualitative research design accommodating exploratory objectives was adopted, and the obtained data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Only perceptions of barriers regarding the programs implemented for the Tokyo 2021 Paralympic Games cycle were considered. Parasport managers perceived that issues of funding, bureaucracy, specialized knowledge, accessibility, policies, culture, and influences from international parasport organizations were the major barriers affecting the effectiveness of their elite parasport programs. These results contributed to the sport literature with new information on aspects impacting the implementation of national elite parasport policies from a managerial perspective.

Interdisciplinary research attracts greater attention from policy documents: evidence from COVID-19

Interdisciplinary research is increasingly recognized as one of the solutions to today’s challenging scientific and societal issues. Many studies have aimed to explore the relationship between the interdisciplinarity of research and the attention they receive from the scientific community as well as society. However, the relationship between interdisciplinarity and attention from policy documents remains unclear. In this study, we utilize publications data on the COVID-19 topic to explore such a relationship. Through the analysis and interpretation of empirical datasets, this research finds that there is a positive correlation between the interdisciplinarity of scientific publications and the attention they receive from policy documents in almost all fields. Among the three dimensions (i.e., variety, balance, and disparity) of interdisciplinarity, variety exhibits the most pronounced positive impact on political attention. This study fills a previous research gap and provides insights for researchers and policymakers, highlighting that interdisciplinary research holds greater potential to impact policy formulation and implementation processes.