Police Efforts Research Articles

Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kurikulum ‘Presisi’: Studi Sekolah Polisi Negara di Sumatera Utara

This article focuses on the Indonesian Police (Polri) efforts in the realization of human rights-based policing, as well as its articulation in the forming education (pendidikan pembentukan/ DIKTUKBA) of Polri, specifically at the State Police School (Sekolah Polisi Negara/SPN) in North Sumatra, established in 1960-s and one of the oldest SPN in Indonesia. Since 2021, Polri has acknowledged and developed the ‘presisi’ curriculum to become a starting point for transformation agenda and, of course, to strive Polri’s obligation in the implementation of human rights values, principles and standards in the police functions. The research applied a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data collection was employed using documents, FGD, observations and literature relevant to police and human rights issues. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data validation was carried out by extending observations and triangulation and analyzed using the spiral technique. Human rights-based policing through the DIKTUKBA POLRI level at the SPN Poldasu brings the vision of ‘presisi’ police through the ‘presisi’ curriculum. The ‘presisi’ curriculum offers good ways to achieve the transformation of the Polri. However, the increasingly short training period for the DIKTUKBA POLRI represents a challenge to improve human rights-based policing. The challenges affirm the correlation between human rights and policing in a dynamic police workspace. In this context, the instructors’s capacity must continuously acquire knowledge and experience. Therefore, collaboration and innovation in using learning models and methods such as group learning, problem-solving, discussion, and active involvement of students can be continuously developed.

Crime Knows No Borders: The Necessity of International Police Cooperation

This article delves into the evolution of international police cooperation, examining its origins, challenges, and significance in addressing transnational crime. The study highlights the influence of globalization, technological advancements, and increased international travel on criminal activities, which have necessitated more sophisticated and coordinated policing efforts across borders. The discussion traces the development of police cooperation from the 19th century, where crime was initially viewed through a moral lens, to the present day, where a more scientific and international approach to policing has emerged. The article underscores the complexities of multilateral and bilateral cooperation, each with its advantages and limitations. Multilateral efforts, exemplified by organizations like INTERPOL, promote accountability and transparency but are often hindered by bureaucratic challenges. Conversely, bilateral cooperation offers agility and direct engagement but faces issues of trust and accountability. The study concludes by advocating for the continuous refinement of international policing strategies, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches to specific operational needs. Through effective collaboration, law enforcement agencies can better combat global crime networks and enhance international security in an increasingly interconnected world.

Impact of Citizens Do-It-Yourself Activities on Digital Platform of Community Policing in Malawi

Digital platform has become catalyst for effective and efficient enforcement of rule of law in human society. This study examines impact of citizens do-it-yourself activities on digital platform of community policing in Malawi. Under exploratory sequential mixed methods design, Interviews followed purposive sampling targeting four focus group discussions of 10 participants each using interview guide instrument. House hold survey identified 432 respondents guided by Yamene (1969) formular, and were randomly distributed within 10 centers of Muloza, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Transcribed interviews were coded, then grouped into sub themes, further merged into themes responding to research questions with help of NVivo application. House hold survey analysis implored descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Guided by pragmatics philosophical assumptions under lens of social-disorganization, democratic participation, and broken window theories, findings reveal citizens have participated in virtual interaction through ICTs in community policing, characterized by formal and non-formal wide participation improving police accountability and transparency in handling policing and, citizens are satisfied with level of engagement during virtual interaction. Multinominal regression shows gender has no impact on factors that influence Do-It-Yourself participation are (1) communication and sharing information between citizens and police p=.747, (2) to be aware of rights violations and safety needs, (3) people’s involvement in rights violations and suspicious activities p=.708, (4) citizen’s involvement in crime prevention and community policing efforts, (5) to maintain community dialogue and engagement p=.088, (6) looking for faster emergency response times, and (7) to provide evidence and share information with authorities p=.806. Effectiveness of digital participation of Do-It-Yourself is that it is at random and influenced by different causes surrounding personal interests. As such they could be engaged on daily, weekly, occasionally or monthly basis as long as citizens secure their environments. The discussion is that while other studies reveal that ICTs may reduce corruption, this current study reveals that flexibility and user friendly of ICTs allowing formal and non-formal wide participation that has improved police accountability and transparency in policing empowers citizens to participate claiming for their rights to secure their environments in community policing. Based on findings the study recommends community guardians including duty bearers like police officers to enlighten citizens to embrace ICTs for more security empowerment to take part in security issues of their times.

Upaya Kepolisian: Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Terhadap Anak di Bawah Umur di Kota Padangsidimpuan

This research examines the efforts of the police in preventing traffic violations by minors in Padangsidimpuan City. The research method used is field research with a qualitative approach. The primary data sources are the Traffic Unit (Satlantas) police at the Padangsidimpuan City Police, while secondary data includes books, previous studies and scientific journals that are considered relevant to this research. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation, with qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the police's efforts to prevent traffic violations by minors are carried out in three ways, namely first: Pre-emptive efforts by providing socialization to the community, second: Preventive efforts by providing direction and guidance through counseling, and third: Efforts Repressive by conducting raids, giving warnings and fines. Then the obstacles faced by the police in preventing traffic violations by minors are the lack of knowledge and legal awareness of the community so that they cannot understand the applicable laws, the manual ticket sanctions that have been abolished causing the public to commit traffic violations and the bad image of the police. lead to a lack of public trust in the police.

Implementasi Hukum Progresif oleh Polri dengan Pendekatan Restorative Justice untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan

Injustice arises as a result of previous judicial regulations. The Indonesia National Police's efforts to reduce this problem are guided by progressive law with a restorative justice approach to achieve justice. Restorative justice is a method of handling criminal behavior carried out jointly by perpetrators, victims, perpetrators' families, community leaders, religious leaders, traditional leaders, or other stakeholders, which focuses on restoring the original situation and achieving a just resolution through peace. It is hoped that the National Police can achieve substantive justice through proportional, professional and intellectual law enforcement that combines scientific and progressive investigative models. This research aims to analyze the Indonesian legal paradigm in terms of the concept of progressive law, the implementation of progressive law by the National Police through restorative justice and the crime resolution mechanism through restorative justice. Deductive writing is used to obtain a thorough and in-depth understanding of the problems discussed, with the type of research being normative juridical which is analytical descriptive.

POLICE EFFORTS IN HANDLING THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE LOYAL HEART OF TERATE BROTHERHOOD SILAT COLLEGE AND THE FAITHFUL BROTHERHOOD OF WINONGO IN THE JURISDICTION OF THE MADIUN POLICE

The Pencak Silat Pencak Silat Brotherhood of Setia Hati Terate and Brotherhood of Setia Hati Winongo in Madiun are in the spotlight because of the conflict that occurred between the two organizations. This conflict raises various security problems in the region. The police's efforts to overcome this conflict were carried out using various strategies, such as a persuasive approach, dialogue and firm action against perpetrators of violence. This research aims to get an overview of the punishment given to members of martial arts schools in Indonesia in general and at large. This research uses empirical methods, or legal research which focuses on how cases will be handled, based on legal provisions or statutory regulations, and then connected to facts or realities that actually occur in society regarding the mitigation efforts that have been carried out by the Madiun Police. The results of this research show the inability of individual members of the silat college to understand the goals and teachings of the Pesilat college, in this case they do not understand and practice the Noble Principles and do not apply the teachings, rules and goals that a silat should have.

Fairness, relationships and perceptions of police legitimacy in the context of integrated offender management

ABSTRACT Integrated Offender Management (IOM) involves the police in England and Wales working closely with other criminal justice agencies to reduce the criminal activities of prolific offenders. The work involves traditional policing methods, but also police officers engaging in meaningful rehabilitative work with IOM participants. However, there may be a tension between aspects of IOM policing and procedural justice theory. Research has shown strong links between citizens’ perceptions of fair treatment and their beliefs about police legitimacy, yet at the same time some IOM policing efforts emphasise hostile and disciplinary practices. These types of approaches can threaten police legitimacy if perceived by citizens as unfair. This paper examines the self-described experiences of people subject to IOM policing. Study findings revealed that, whilst participants viewed aspects of IOM policing as unfair, they broadly accepted the legitimacy of IOM policing. This would run counter to many of the core claims of procedural justice theory. However, one plausible explanation for this reaction lies in the dynamic nature of police legitimacy and its antecedents in IOM. In this context, perceptions of police legitimacy are more firmly grounded in the relational (treatment) dimensions of procedural fairness than in other more decision-orientated aspects of the concept. This reflects the multidimensional nature of procedural justice within which the balance shifts, depending on the criminal justice setting.

Indonesia National Police efforts in handling football supporter riots; study of events at Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang Regency, Indonesia

Indonesia National Police efforts in handling football supporter riots; study of events at Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang Regency, Indonesia

Https://www.jippublication.com/leadership-agricultural-innovation-peace-and-order-among-the-residents-of-the-agricultural-development-of-a-province

This study investigates the impact of leadership, agricultural innovation, and peace and order on agricultural development in Lanao del Sur. Focusing on four municipalities—Taraka, Marantao, Ganassi, and Malabang—each with unique agricultural characteristics, the study aims to understand how these factors contribute to the region's agricultural progress. A total of 399 participants were surveyed using adapted and researcher-made instruments. Descriptive-correlational and causal research designs were employed to analyze the data through mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The results reveal that strong leadership in political, economic, and collective agricultural actions significantly enhances development. High levels of agricultural innovation, particularly in farming methods and infrastructure, were also observed. However, the persistence of "rido" (clan feuding) and lawlessness, despite ongoing police and military efforts, continues to challenge peace and order in the province. The study concludes that while leadership and innovation drive agricultural progress, sustained efforts to maintain peace are crucial for further development.

Effectiveness of Police Intra-Departmental Collaboration in Combating Human Trafficking in Nairobi City County, Kenya

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of police intra-departmental collaboration in combating human trafficking in Nairobi County, Kenya. Human trafficking remains a critical issue requiring effective intra-departmental collaboration among police units. This study investigates how various strategies and practices impact the efficiency of police efforts in combating human trafficking; with a focus on Nairobi County. The study employs Network Theory which emphasizes the importance of communication networks in coordinating and enhancing collaborative efforts across different units within an organization. Data was collected through structured interviews and focus groups discussions with key stakeholders, including police officers, community leaders, and National Government Officers. The study utilized a purposive sampling method to ensure diverse perspectives on the effectiveness of intra-departmental collaboration. The research engaged 20 respondents, including local community leaders, senior police officers, and national-level officials. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative responses and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. This approach facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the communication practices, command structure, resource allocation, and community involvement in combating human trafficking. The study found that centralized communication systems and routine interdepartmental meetings significantly enhance cooperation and efficiency in responding to human trafficking. Decentralization of command authority improves local responsiveness, while fair resource distribution fosters collaboration. Community leaders and organizations provide crucial intelligence and support, emphasizing the need for strengthened partnerships between police and community stakeholders. Effective anti-trafficking efforts depend on integrated communication systems, improved command structures, equitable resource allocation, and strong community partnerships. While centralized systems and strategic planning enhance inter-departmental collaboration, issues such as inadequate command guidance and resource imbalances hinder cooperation. To improve intra-departmental collaboration, it is recommended to decentralize decision-making authority, implement a unified communication platform, conduct regular interdisciplinary meetings, and ensure equitable distribution of resources. Additionally, fostering stronger relationships with local community leaders and organizations will enhance information sharing and overall effectiveness in combating human trafficking.

Implementation of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement in the Settlement of Traffic Violation Cases in the Jurisdiction of Directorate of Traffic Police Bengkulu Regional Perspective Of Fiqih Siyasah

This research aims to analyze the application of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement in efforts to prosecute traffic violations in the jurisdiction of the Bengkulu Regional Police Traffic Directorate using the perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyah. This research is a qualitative-empirical research using documentation and interview data collection methods. This research found that the use of ETLE in efforts to prevent traffic violations in Bengkulu City is one of the efforts made by the Traffic Directorate (Ditlantas) of the Bengkulu Regional Police to deal with the problem of high traffic violations occurring in the Bengkulu City Traffic Space. This also shows the need for more public awareness to avoid harm and negligence in obeying the regulations set by Ulil Amri. This research found that (1) Bengkulu Police Traffic Directorate's efforts to regulate traffic and reduce violations of traffic regulations are by Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The Bengkulu Police Traffic Directorate has also carried out outreach and supervision of the implementation of ETLE in Bengkulu City. Apart from that, the implementation of ETLE is also intended as a form of transparency in the payment of traffic violation fines to avoid extortion by unscrupulous ticket officers. (2) Judging from siyasah dusturiyah, the Bengkulu Police's efforts in implementing ETLE as a way to resolve traffic violation cases are seen as an effort to bring benefit to the community and avoid damage (mafsadah) that could potentially occur in the middle of the Traffic Space.

Penguatan Pemolisian Demokratis dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan: Sebuah Analisis Konseptual

One effort to strengthen the idea of democratic policing is through civic education. This research has the main aim of analyzing the conceptual aspects contained in civic education in order to provide strengthening ideas for democratic policing. This research also attempts to outline the challenges of democratic policing as viewed from the perspective of civic education in Indonesia. This article uses Gary Goertz's three-level conceptual analysis framework to dissect the conceptual dimensions in civic education that are useful for strengthening democratic policing. Qualitatively, data was obtained using literature studies from various books, journal articles, report documents, and other literature. This study shows that civic education, which is integrated with democracy, politics, law, human rights, anti-corruption, and peace education, can be a vehicle for conceptually strengthening the idea of democratic policing. In addition, this study found a number of challenges for civic education in strengthening democratic policing efforts in Indonesia. The main challenges are the problems that occur in the police institution, including not yet fully supporting democratic culture and spaces for citizens, the issue of police neutrality in political life, the practice of violations of law and human rights by police officers, the existence of corrupt behavior, and the fact that the police has not yet fully become a humanist and non-violent institution. This study requires further research to see to what extent the implementation of the concept of civic education can strengthen democratic policing efforts that are oriented to the citizenship dimension.

Exploring the Resilience of Public Transport Trips in the Face of Urban Violence from a Gender Perspective

Public transport systems that ensure safe and efficient mobility are essential to promote sustainability in cities. However, public transport is susceptible to violence. Additionally, men and women have distinct perceptions of security, which can lead to different reactions in the face of danger. Therefore, considering this situation from a gender perspective, the goal of this study is to assess the levels of resilience in trips made by public transport users when exposed to violence. Data were collected from 763 individuals (women: 60.8%; men: 39.2%) within the academic community of a university campus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through an online questionnaire. The information obtained included the participants’ socioeconomic details, security perceptions, and changes in travel patterns due to security concerns. The results of the Cronbach’s alpha test (0.842) indicated a good internal consistency within the data. Chi-squared tests of independence were applied, and calculations for effect size measures were conducted to evaluate the possible association between gender and other variables. Regarding the level of resilience of the trips made, evidence was found that the perception of safety and the behavior of public transport users are influenced by their gender. Regarding the gender of the respondents, an association was found with the resilience levels of trips. Furthermore, it was found that women are more vulnerable to violence in public transport than men, with risks of feeling unsafe during walks to or from stations and on buses being 1.1 and 1.5 times higher, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the behavior of public transport users is significantly influenced by past victimization experiences, prompting measures for greater protection to be sought. The results of this study allow for a better understanding of how men and women feel exposed to violence when using public transport and can contribute to the creation of public policies to promote safety. Additionally, they can assist security authorities in directing and concentrating police efforts more effectively.

Drug transactions and the dark web: Public perceptions of the locational setting of offenders and support for drug policy outcomes

BackgroundBoth legal and extra-legal factors influence judicial and non-judicial opinions about persons who use drugs. Yet, how the locational setting of drug transactions influences public perceptions of drug control policies remains understudied. In particular, the public's view of drug exchanges on the dark web could directly and indirectly influence drug policy, legal decision making, and spending decisions. The study's aim is to identify whether the location of a drug exchange, specifically the dark web, influences public preferences for drug policy and police resourcing. MethodsA sample (n = 1359) from the United States of America was recruited and participated in a discrete choice experiment. The participants compared and repeatedly chose across five iterations between two drug offender profiles with nine set features, such as the location of drug transactions, all with randomized levels. The resulting sample included a total of 13,590 contest pairs. ResultsAveraging over the non-locational attributes, respondents indicated that, compared to the dark web, several locational settings for drug exchange (such as the street corner, social media, and an unknown location) needed fewer police resources and offenders were less deserving of longer punishments. No statistically significant difference was found for opinions about harm to communities, and offenders involved in drug exchanges on university campuses were considered more deserving of a substance abuse treatment program than offenders on the dark web. ConclusionThere appears to be a preference for more punitive criminal justice policies for drug transactions occurring on the dark web relative to some other common settings. Such preferences may indicate a novelty effect driven by negative sentiment surrounding the dark web or a perceived deficit in the police's ability to deal with drug crimes on the dark web. These findings suggest that the public may prefer supply-side policing efforts over demand-side policies, which emphasizes harm reduction.

세계 테러리즘 지수로 본 테러 범죄와 대테러 경찰 활동에 관한 연구

The landscape of terrorism has evolved from a national and international focus in the past to a prevalent transnational nature today. Islamic State-led attacks caused numerous casualties. Home-grown terrorism and terrorism with unclear motives also have risen. In this study, based on the Global Terrorism Index by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), I examined terrorist incidents targeting Western countries among the 66,000 recorded cases spanning from 2007 to 2022 to see their trends, motivations, and changes. Additionally, I conducted a comparative assessment of counter-terrorism policies and strategies in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. As a result, I suggest the following approaches the effectiveness of counter-terrorism policing: 1. Shifting the paradigm towards a proactive, preventive approach to terrorist crimes. 2. Promoting a shift in perspective to view terrorism as a disaster response issue, thereby expanding the authority and role of law enforcement agencies. 3. Establishing a legal framework underpinning counter-terrorism policing efforts. 4. Enhancing coordination with counter-terrorism organizations and related agencies.

Speed kills? Quantifying the association between police traffic stops, types of stops, and motor vehicle collisions

BackgroundMotor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of traumatic death and injury. Police traffic stops (PTS) are a common approach to enforcing motor vehicle laws intended to prevent MVCs. However, it is unclear which types of PTS are most effective. This study examined the relationship of PTS subtypes among municipal police patrols on non-interstate roads and MVCs and MVC-related deaths. MethodsPTS subtype data were characterized from six North Carolina cities: Charlotte, Durham, Fayetteville, Greensboro, Raleigh, and Winston-Salem. The primary outcomes of this study were yearly non-interstate MVC and MVC-related death rates per 100 population. The data were analyzed as balanced time-series cross-sectional data. The statistical analysis accounted for time-dependent and city-dependent confounding. We used a two-way fixed effects model to analyze the relationship between PTS and MVC or MVC-related deaths. We also utilized the difference in difference (DID) analysis to analyze if the reduction of PTS following a 2012 policing administrative change in Fayetteville had an association with MVC or MVC-related deaths. ResultsWe found no significant overall association between non-interstate PTS and MVCs (Coeff: -0.00006; p = 0.43) or MVC-related deaths (Coeff: -0.00011; p = 0.15). Panel regression suggested no significant relationship between MVCs and MVC-related deaths and PTS related to driving while impaired (p = 0.36), safe movement violation (p = 0.43), or seatbelt violations (p = 0.17). However, speed limit violations (Coeff: -0.00025; p = 0.032) and stop-light/sign violations (Coeff: -0.00147; p = 0.017) related to PTS significantly reduced MVC-related deaths. The DID regression showed no significant impact on MVCs (p = 0.924) or MVC-related deaths (0.706) before and after the police reform period. ConclusionsThe evidence regarding the absence of an overall association and any association with most PTS subtypes suggest that PTS are not effective for MVC death prevention. Policymakers may proceed with exploring modifications to policing efforts without detriments to public safety as defined by MVC and MVC-related deaths. Level of evidenceRetrospective epidemiological study, level IV

The role of suspect development practices in eyewitness identification accuracy and racial disparities in wrongful conviction

AbstractThis article reviews the three previously studied categories of variables that are related to eyewitness identification accuracy: estimator (characteristics of the witnessing conditions), system (characteristics of the identification procedure that are under the control of the criminal legal system), and reflector (variables that reflect the likely accuracy of a witness). Although eyewitness scholars frequently turn to these variables and models of memory to explain why eyewitnesses make mistakes, none of these variables provides a reasonable explanation for the large racial disparities in wrongful convictions based on mistaken identifications, yet problematic policing practices might. The policies and practices guiding police efforts to develop suspects as well as the decisions of officers to place a suspect at risk of misidentification determine the base‐rate of innocent suspects that appear in identification procedures. Current police practices—from developing suspects based on hunches, through facial recognition technology, or by pressuring reluctant witnesses to make identifications—increase the likelihood that innocent suspects will be placed in lineups. An increase in lineups with innocent suspects increases the ratio of mistaken to correct identifications without changes in witness performance. Requirements for evidence‐based suspicion, video recording identification procedures, and prohibiting coercive interviewing techniques with reluctant witnesses are recommended for reducing the effect of unreliable suspect development methods on eyewitness evidence.

Illegal markets and contemporary slavery: Evidence from the mahogany trade in the Amazon

Modern slavery is a major global concern, with an estimated 49.7 million people enslaved in 2022. This paper explores the impact of illegal markets on this phenomenon, focusing on the complete shutdown of the mahogany market in the late 90s in Brazil. Utilizing a quasi-experimental research design that exploits the natural variation in the occurrence of mahogany trees in Brazilian municipalities, we employ novel administrative data on labor inspections to assess the effects of this shutdown on modern slavery. Our results indicate that the mahogany market shutdown significantly increased the probability of labor inspections discovering slave labor in affected municipalities. The outcomes are not influenced by coordinated police efforts targeting locations following the alteration in the law. We validate our findings with several robustness exercises.

Upaya Pencegahan Kepolisian Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Oleh Anak Sekolah

This study aims to determine the police's efforts to prevent criminal acts of abuse by school children in Gorontalo. The type of research used is empirical law with a qualitative approach which will be analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the role of the police in preventing criminal acts of maltreatment by students is by pre-emptive efforts by conducting counseling and outreach. Furthermore, preventive efforts are carried out by way of patrols and evaluating the performance of the police. Meanwhile, repressive efforts are carried out by fostering and applying the principles of Restorative Justice. As for the efforts of the school, namely preventive efforts are activities carried out to prevent violations committed by students, curative efforts are efforts to anticipate violations committed by students, and coaching efforts are efforts to foster students who commit violations and have received punishments or sanctions that have been given by the school.

Patrolling the largest drug market on the eastern seaboard: A synthetic control analysis on the impact of a police bicycle unit

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study employed a microsynthetic control method to evaluate the impact of the newly introduced bicycle patrol unit in the Kensington neighborhood of Philadelphia, which is well‐known as a major drug market. The findings reveal that the bicycle patrol unit led to a notable reduction in social disorder crimes, which was one of the primary objectives of the patrol officers. However, it also resulted in a significant increase in the number of narcotic crimes, violent person crimes, and shooting offenses. The amount of total crimes and property crimes remained unchanged.Policy ImplicationsBicycle patrols can effectively reduce street‐level disorder and increase police efforts to arrest drug offenders and remove drugs from the streets. However, the introduction of this police activity may disrupt the normal operation of drug markets, which can lead to increased violence from instability in the street‐level drug business. Therefore, departments should conduct detailed crime analyses and gather intelligence alongside directed patrols to better understand and respond to the potential consequences of their interventions.