Police In Matters Research Articles

Trágicas heroínas, meretrizes e criadas ladras: visualidades criminais e narrativas de violência contra mulheres no periodismo policial carioca (1918-1934)

This article aims to analyze the narratives and visualities regarding gender violence in three police magazines, Archivo Vermelho, Vida Policial, and Revista Criminal, published in Rio de Janeiro between 1918 and 1934. Despite specificities, the magazines preserve similar discourses focused on exposing victims in vulnerable situations, holding women responsible for the violence suffered, and the relationship between crimes and the social changes experienced in the period. In addition to the informative content and the propagation of police matters, the periodicals devoted attention to the gender relations in dispute at the time, providing analyses and images about the deaths of women and female indiscipline that, in this study, we intend to explore.

From Police Power to Police Practice

Understanding the everyday manifestations of systemic racism, cisheteropatriarchy, and unequal justice for oppressed women and femmes necessitates meaningful engagement with critical law enforcement studies—the study of why and how policing and punishment takes place in carceral societies. Anne Gray Fischer’s The Streets Belong to Us spells out why sexual policing matters for the history of political development, capitalist growth, and socioeconomic inequality in U.S. cities, like Boston, Atlanta, and Los Angeles. Ultimately, as Fischer’s work affirms, urban law enforcement forces have routinely greased the wheels of punitive governance and state violence under the auspices of maintaining control over a contested and shifting social order.

Protest: is a matter of public policies, isn’t a matter of police

Resumo O artigo tem como objeto políticas públicas específicas para ambientes de protestos sociais com vistas a evitar violações de direitos humanos. Parte-se do princípio de que o direito de protesto é um direito humano fundamental, e de que eliminar os protestos sociais é impossível e, acrescenta-se, indesejável. A metodologia escolhida foi a análise das normativas e recomendações internacionais a respeito do tema à luz de literatura crítica. Seus resultados foram organizados em cinco tópicos para a construção de normativas em nível nacional: necessidade de autorização prévia para a realização; responsabilidade dos organizadores; participação de grupos marginalizados politicamente; atuação dos comunicadores; medidas para e sobre a atuação das forças de segurança. Em sua conclusão, o artigo oferece 40 boas medidas sintetizadas das formulações internacionais.

ФУНКЦИИ МВД В СФЕРЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ НАЧАЛА 80-Х – СЕРЕДИНЫ 90-Х ГОДОВ XIX ВЕКА

The purpose of the article is to study the formation of the internal affairs management system of the Russian Empire from 1881 to 1894, which were the years of the reign of Emperor Alexander III. On the base of the analysis of historical sources and legislation of the Russian Empire of this period and national historical science, the author draws conclusions about changes in the structure, powers and functioning of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire and its services and divisions from the death of Emperor Alexander II until 1894. Having characterized the structural changes in the Ministry, the development of the competence of the General and Political Police in the period under review. The adjustment in the first years of the reign of Emperor Alexander III of the monocentric system of public administration under the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the transformations in the structure of the Ministry, including those that included strengthening the competence of the State Police Department with its subsequent reformatting into Police Department. In addition, the article highlights the consequences of the implementation of the Regulation on Measures to Protect Public Order and Public Peace of 1881, expressed in strengthening the close relationship between the General and Political Police in matters of ensuring the regime of enhanced and emergency protection, as well as the application of administrative expul-sion. As a result, the author formulates the main trends in the state approach to the management of internal affairs from the early 1980s until the mid 1990s of the 20th century.

Police matters: The everyday state and caste politics in South India, 1900–1975. By Radha Kumar. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2021. 225 pp. $19.95 paperback.

Law & Society ReviewVolume 56, Issue 4 p. 648-649 Book Reviews Police matters: The everyday state and caste politics in South India, 1900–1975. By Radha Kumar. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2021. 225 pp. $19.95 paperback. Reviewed by Anisha Thomas, Corresponding Author Reviewed by Anisha Thomas anisha.anna.thomas@gmail.com University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USASearch for more papers by this author Reviewed by Anisha Thomas, Corresponding Author Reviewed by Anisha Thomas anisha.anna.thomas@gmail.com University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12635Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume56, Issue4December 2022Pages 648-649 RelatedInformation

Domestic Peacekeeping Practices in the Tamale Metropolis

This article contributes to understanding local security practices in urban Africa by examining links between international peacekeeping and local policing in Tamale, the capital of Ghana’s Northern Region. It uses the concept of assemblage to suggest that while experiences, skills and lessons gained from consistent engagement in United Nations peacekeeping may be detected in local policing in Tamale, their effects on everyday policing are in practice limited. This is due to the central role of traditional authorities in local security and general political interference in police matters. Local policing in Tamale is an assemblage of formal (police and military) and informal (chiefs and community leaders) security arrangements, with the latter, especially, dictating how crimes should be dealt with. This makes it next to impossible for the police to do their job without interference. The article examines how non-state or traditional actors shape policing and security provision in Tamale, and what space is available for police officers to use the skills they believe they have learned in peacekeeping missions. The paper shows through empirical analysis how local policing is shaped more by kinship and politics than international principles of human rights and democracy.

Pitting the Working Class against Itself: Solidarity, Strikebreaking, and Strike Outcomes in the Early US Labor Movement

AbstractIt is axiomatic that high-risk activism requires solidarity if social movements are to have success in struggles against powerful adversaries. However, there is little research that attempts to gauge the impact of various types, limits, or breakdown of solidarity directly and systematically. Drawing from historical political economy, cultures of class formation, and social movement outcome literatures, we address the question of solidarity’s impact across dimensions and at various levels of scale (i.e., at the point of production or firm level, local community, and wider society) by analyzing the outcomes of more than 4,500 strikes during the late-nineteenth-century rise of US industrial capitalism. We find that while strike solidarity at the point of production is necessary, it is not sufficient for success. Disruption costs that strikers seek to impose to gain leverage can be significantly reduced by the countertactic of hiring strikebreaking replacement workers recruited from the local community or imported from beyond. We also find that the urban regime of strike policing matters by moderating the impact of strikebreakers. The most powerful predictor of strike outcomes is employer use of replacement workers, signaling the key to undermining working-class strike solidarity directly pits the working class against itself. Intraclass solidarity is necessary for the success in interclass struggle but needs to extend beyond the struck firm implicating the importance of solidarity of the surrounding community and wider social factory. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the historic formation of the US labor movement and its present predicament.

Sexual Assault on Campus

This article examines the case of Y v University of Queensland and the issue of university disciplinary action in cases of student-on-student sexual assault. In addition to the question of whether universities have legal jurisdiction to decide these matters, there is the more fundamental question of whether they should. Using Martha Fineman’s theory of vulnerability as a theoretical lens, this article seeks to evaluate whether accusations of sexual assault should be treated exclusively as police matters or whether universities have a moral obligation to take independent action.

Alternatives to sharing COVID-19 data with law enforcement: Recommendations for stakeholders

During the COVID-19 pandemic, in some jurisdictions, police have become involved in enforcing coronavirus-related measures. Relatedly, several North American jurisdictions have established COVID-19 data sharing protocols with law enforcement. Research across a range of fields has demonstrated that involving police in matters of public health disproportionately impacts the most vulnerable and does more harm than good. This is reflected in the consensus against COVID-19 criminalization that has emerged among civil society organizations focused on HIV, human rights, and harm reduction. The European Data Protection Board has also released guidelines against re-uses of COVID-19 data for law enforcement purposes. This article offers an overview of the harms of criminalizing illnesses and strategies for health stakeholders to seek alternatives to sharing COVID-19 data with police agencies while facilitating interoperability with healthcare first responders. It also presents case studies from two North American jurisdictions – Ontario and Minnesota – that have established routine COVID-19 data sharing with police. We recommended seven alternatives, including designating COVID-19 data as sensitive and implementing segmented interoperability with first responder agencies. These guidelines can help ensure that health information technology platforms do not become vehicles for the criminalization of COVID-19, and that health data stay within the health system.

Seguridad Ciudadana en un Municipio Limeño: Análisis de los Resultados del Plan Local, 2017-2018

El artículo tuvo como objetivo general comprobar los resultados alcanzados en la ejecución del plan local de seguridad ciudadana, en un municipio limeño, 2017-2018. El tipo de investigación fue participativa, enfoque cualitativo y un diseño de estudio de casos. Se recogieron las entrevistas de un comisario policial de distrito, de un experto en temas de asuntos policiales, de un empresario víctima de hechos delictivos y de un ex miembro dirigencial del Comité de Seguridad ciudadana del Distrito. Los principales hallazgos encontrados fueron: falta de compromiso y responsabilidad de los representantes del Comité Local de Seguridad Ciudadana, alto índice de inseguridad en la zona, robos y asaltos que afectan los negocios, falta de efectivos policiales y serenos, alta rotación de comisarios, demora en la capacidad de respuesta de la policía ante la denuncia de un hecho delictivo e inmigración descontrolada. Las principales conclusiones fueron: nivel de eficacia de los planes de seguridad ciudadana solo alcanzaron un nivel valorativo medio de (58.34%), inadecuado sistema de control del plan local de seguridad ciudadana e incumplimiento de las categorías apriorísticas contrastadas.

Reading the Police File: Interiority and the Forensic Artefact

ABSTRACT This essay explores the challenges encountered in pursuing interdisciplinary research into forensic material culture, in particular the forensic photograph. Scholarly research projects which are also geared towards popular curatorial outcomes (public exhibitions, publications, digital media outputs) are subject to complex ethical and methodological considerations. Drawing on his own curatorial experience the author suggests that a major task in researching forensic material culture involves finding the ‘research question’ itself, or even more fundamentally, defining what precisely is the object of study. Arlette Farge delights in the revelations of everyday life offered by the eighteenth-century judicial archive, but what, the essay asks, of the more recent archival police matters, hovering on the cusp of memory and forgetting? In line with Farge’s idea that research may lead to a ‘remaking’ of the archive, the essay narrates the author’s experience of re-rendering, redescribing selected forensic images via the medium of pencil and charcoal drawing. It is suggested that the ‘research question’ and ‘object of study’ might be revealed, at least in part, via the manual acts and labours of such redescription, and the necessary long-term reflection and consideration such labour necessarily entails.

The Range of the Contemporary Activity of Polish Police in the Context of Social Responsibility of State Institutions

The content of the study focuses on the issue of the subject matter and scope of the contemporary Police in Poland with reference to the achievements of the theory of state and law. In the field of the subjective scope the organisational structure of the Police, the main determinants of its activities, key organisational units, their participation in the structure of government administration power and in the system of organisations participating in the protection of human and public safety were presented. The main tasks of Polish Police, including the international aspect, the powers of the whole formation and policemen, and possible forms of action in relation to the concept of social responsibility of state institutions are presented. The perceived effects of Polish Police activities in the area of social security are also described.

Developing Forensic Investigation Standards to Effectively Deal with Structural Failures

The human society has witnessed failures of many landmark structures right from that of tower of Babel to the collapse of Hotel Hyatt Regency walkway, U.S.A. Despite advancement of technology and improvements in the field of construction, failures are inevitable even today. Till recently, the failure of Kota Chambal Bridge created lot of panic to look for integrity and investigation of the conditions of all bridges by railways. All such failures raise curiosity of technologist as to why it happened. Man tries to obtain an answer and ultimately decide on liability. This arena where construction and law meet to investigate the cause of failure as well as determine liability is called forensic engineering. Literature suggests that forensic engineering is a quite widespread practice in the U.S.A whereas in India, not only there is lack of enough standards for investigation but also lesser practice of the same. Most often, failures in India are either police or insurance matters. It is therefore the object of this study to develop forensic investigation standards based on the time at which the failure occurs during building life cycle and how to minimize the socio-economic losses occurring consequentially. A questionnaire was circulated among more than 140 professionals in reputed firms in the construction and legal industry to gather information on how they/their organisation deal with failures, during what phase they occur, whether there are any legal implications and to what extent need is felt for a systematic approach to investigations of failures. Out of these 140 professionals, as many as 41 have responded to the query and contribute very important information. The questionnaire reveals that the industry feels there is a dire need for adopting forensic engineering and the only standards they rely on is non-destructive tests. A number of cases of failures in India and in U.S.A., which have occurred during construction and service period stages of life cycle of structure, were studied for their process, reports and laws of investigations. They have been evaluated for the socio-economic losses that occurred and the way how legal implications were dealt with by the parties or investigators involved. It is revealed so far that more often than not, an innocent professional is convicted without first investigating scientifically the cause. The game of blame shifting gets momentum. It is also found that depending on when the failure occurs during the building life cycle, the investigation process needs to be adapted accordingly. Finally, certain recommendations will be proposed for each phase, based on the differences between the process of investigation adopted in U.S.A and India.

Capturing the personal through the lens of the professional: The use of external data sources in autoethnography

This article shows how external data sources can be utilised in autoethnographic research. Beginning with an account of a critical incident that examines the incompatibility of private and professional identities, I show how, through the collection of data sources, I capture the impact of homophobic and heteronormative discursive practices on health, wellbeing and identity. In the critical incident, I explore how I prospered as a teacher at a British village school for almost 10 years by censoring my sexuality and carefully managing the intersection between my private and professional identities. However, when a malicious and homophobic neighbour and parent of children at the school exposed my sexuality to the Headteacher, I learned the extent to which the rural school community privileged and protected the heteronormative discourse. A poststructuralist theoretical framework underpins this article. My experience of being a subject is understood as the outcome of discursive practices. Sexual identity, teacher identity and autoethnographer identity are understood to be fluid, and constantly produced and reproduced in response to social, cultural and political influences. The article describes how email correspondence, medical records and notes from a course of cognitive behaviour therapy were deployed to augment my personal recollection and give a depth and richness to the narrative. As the critical incident became a police matter, examination takes place of how I sought to obtain and utilise data from the police national computer in the research. Attempts to collect data from the police and Crown Prosecution Service were problematic and provided an unexpected development in the research and offered additional insight into the nature of the British rural community and its police force.

Intervening in domestic violence as a police task: legal reform and policing versus citizens’ perspective

ABSTRACTViolence in Western societies has received increased public and legal attention during the past few decades, while simultaneously, evidence of decreased violent behaviour has been identified. A specific type of violence that has undergone changes in visibility and increased legal intervention is domestic violence (DV). Have people become more sensitive to all kinds of violence? In this case, DV would not stand out as a crime demanding increasing police intervention. In this article, the public’s perceptions of the importance of intervening in DV as a police task are analysed. Comparisons with the assessed importance of other types of police tasks are made to evaluate the changes in a broader attitudinal context, and official police statistics are reflected against the trends identified from the survey data. In the results, DV stands out in the comparison of change in the importance of police tasks. The hypothesis of increased cultural sensitivity is not confirmed concerning all types of crimes – or even violent crimes. The results can be understood to support the theory about increased cultural sensitivity concerning an issue previously seen as a private matter rather than a criminal act and police matter – DV.

“O estremecer de uma súbita esperança”: os camponeses da Cotinguiba e a negociação pela terra no tempo de Dom Luciano Duarte

The late 60s of the twentieth century, in Sergipe, was marked by the outbreak of a series of conflicts over land tenure and lack of work. In a period in which social movements were seen as subversive demonstrations, the struggle of the peasants of the region Cotinguiba was treated as a police matter, through repression and arrest of leaders. This article seeks to analyze the process of negotiation between the peasants of Sergipe Cotinguiba and the political and agrarian elites in the land reform process institution in the state under the mediation of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju. This negotiation resulted in the creation of the Promotion of Sergipe Field Man (PRHOCASE) and the formation of community farms under the supervision of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Aracaju, Dom Luciano Duarte. With this, it becomes possible to understand the actions of the clergy in the negotiation between peasants and landowners.

Jacobins, Bolsheviks, and the Dream of Revolution: October 1917 in the Trajectory of a Brazilian Metalworker of African Descent

Jacobins, Bolsheviks, and the Dream of Revolution: October 1917 in the Trajectory of a Brazilian Metalworker of African Descent

Stray Dogs and the Making of Modern Paris*

Abstract This article traces the policing of stray dogs in Paris from the French Revolution to the outbreak of the First World War. It argues that long-standing rabies anxieties dovetailed with the emergence of the public hygiene movement, fears of rapid urbanization, vagrancy and crime, modernization projects, and the veneration of the pedigree pet dog to cast the stray dog as an unwelcome presence on the city’s streets. Parisian public hygienists and authorities turned strays into a problem that they would solve to make the city safe, clean and modern. Combating strays became a matter of social defence and medical police.

Toward a Theory of Police Effects

With the possible exception of the role biology plays in criminal behavior, few debates in criminology seem to get under scholars' skin more then the question of whether- or perhaps to what extent- the police matter and it comes to controlling crime. The most recent incarnation of the police-crime debate is that between Megan, Solow, and Lum (2015) and Pickett and Roche (2016). This debate is complex and the field will undoubtedly benefit substantially as we all wrestlewith how this group of accomplished scholaars are themselves thinkint about this issue. Language: en

Indicators of Police Performance and Their Relationships With Homicide Rates Across 77 Nations

This study provides a first empirical test of the relationship between indicators of police performance and homicide rates in cross-national perspective. Results show that police performance indices are strongly associated with lower homicide rates, controlling for the levels of socioeconomic development, economic problems (poverty–inequality), democracy, and incarceration. They also show that police performance fully mediates the relationship between socioeconomic development and homicide. Thus, richer and more developed nations may have lower homicide rates because they have better police. Overall, results suggest that good policing matters for cross-national criminology, in addition to social and economic factors. Finally, the new police performance index is provided for future research.