Police Control Room Research Articles

Communicating and categorising ‘kidnap’ incidents in UK police emergency calls: a conversation analytic study

ABSTRACT This study of police emergency calls in the UK addresses the interactional work conducted when dealing with reports of kidnap. In the UK, kidnap is classed as a type of ‘crime-in-action’, known to be complex to categorise and code for the appropriate police response. Using the qualitative method of ‘conversation analysis’, we address this complexity through analysing a dataset of anonymised emergency calls which are, at some point during the call or subsequent police investigation, categorised as ‘kidnap’. Analysing the calls, their categorisations and the accompanying incident logs, we aim to understand the difficulties that can arise in identifying this type of high-stakes incident at the first point of police contact. We find callers encode differing levels of ‘entitlement’ in requests for police assistance, with potential effects on call-handlers’ decisions about kidnap categorisations. We also observe interactional difficulties in establishing information about the incident, either through the caller’s displayed lack of knowledge or certainty, difficulty in producing turns or sometimes resistance to providing further information. These features may render the call-handler’s task of categorising incidents as ‘kidnap’ more challenging. Our identification of these communicative patterns has potential benefits for call-handlers’ practices in the police control room, providing an evidence-base from real-life talk for training. The findings also have implications at an institutional level, as they shed light on the negotiations that underly ‘categorisation’ work in policing, where there may sometimes only be a tacit understanding of how crime categories are decided during initial reports from the public.

Alert System for Emergency State of Vehicle Users

Abstract: One of the main reasons for road collisions is over-speeding. The sharp rise in traffic accidents is currently one of the main causes of human deaths. The worth of human life is above all other factors, and providing immediate assistance is more important than lending a hand help. If emergency personnel had been able to get accident reports and get there in time, more lives might have been saved. When it comes to saving lives, the time it takes from the moment of the accident until the ambulance arrives at the scene is critical. We can reduce the time between an accident occurring and a medical ambulance being dispatched to the scene by lowering death rates. Today, GPS is a crucial part of a vehicle's system. The accelerometer senses a quick shift in the axles of the vehicle. It will be evaluated by Arduino. The warning message and its position are sent to the police control room or a rescue team by the Arduino using the GSM module. Therefore, once they get the information, the authorities can use the GPS module to trace the location automatically. The appropriate action will be carried out after the location has been verified

Design of Women Safety Device with Fingerprint Sensor

bstract: The safety of women has always been a global concern, and despite various measures adopted, the number of cases of misconduct against women is steadily rising. To address this issue, a new approach in the form of a device has been proposed. The purpose of this gadget is to give women a tool to safeguard their security and safety in the incident of an accident. To ensure that no woman feels helpless in the face of such crime issues, defense mechanisms must be proposed in large-scale productions. The suggested gadget is an embedded system designed on an Arduino board and a NodeMCU module with GPS that delivers a warning sound will be heard in the event of danger and an emergency message is sent with the user's location. To safeguard women's safety, this technology follows the location and transmits a message to the police control room, family, and friends. Moreover, a fingerprint module built into the system makes sure that only authorized users are utilizing the equipment. The smartphone will deem it dangerous and automatically send an SMS to the appropriate authority if the user does not touch their fingertips on the module that stores fingerprints within a predetermined amount of time. In conclusion, the proposed device could be a valuable tool in ensuring the safety and security of women. With the integration of technology, this device could provide a sense of security to women and help prevent crimes against them.

Alert System for Emergency State of Vehicle Users

Abstract: One of the main reasons for road collisions is over-speeding. The sharp rise in traffic accidents is currently one of the main causes of human deaths. The worth of human life is above all other factors, and providing immediate assistance is more important than lending a hand help. If emergency personnel had been able to get accident reports and get there in time, more lives might have been saved. When it comes to saving lives, the time it takes from the moment of the accident until the ambulance arrives at the scene is critical. We can reduce the time between an accident occurring and a medical ambulance being dispatched to the scene by lowering death rates. Today, GPS is a crucial part of a vehicle's system. The accelerometer senses a quick shift in the axles of the vehicle. It will be evaluated by Arduino. The warning message and its position are sent to the police control room or a rescue team by the Arduino using the GSM module. Therefore, once they get the information, the authorities can use the GPS module to trace the location automatically. The appropriate action will be carried out after the location has been verified.

Accident Detection System with GPS, GSM, and Buzzer

With vehicles becoming increasingly affordable, there has been a surge in the number of vehicles on the roads on an average all over the world. The swift development of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier nowadays. The initiation of technology has likewise increased the traffic hazards and road accidents take place regularly, which causes massive loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities. Accidents bring devastation upon victims, causing the loss of precious time and money. It has been established, after extensive research, that a majority of accidents become fatalities because of a lack of communication to the concerned medical authorities and the consequent lack of immediate medical support. An accelerometer can be used in this research as a rollover or crash detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. Likewise, the vibration sensor can be used in research in order to check the vibration rates of any car. By monitoring the information from the accelerometer and the vibration sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. It then sends the alert message through the GSM Module, including the latitude and longitude data provided by the GPS module, to the police control room, any rescue team, or to the car owners. So, the police can immediately trace the location where the accident has occurred and necessary action can be taken after receiving the emergency message. This system can prove to be a lifesaver in isolated areas where an accident has occurred and no one is around in order to report the accident. Through this system, an accident can be detected and a life can be saved by the quick response from the emergency services.

Accident Detection System with GPS, GSM, and Buzzer

With vehicles becoming increasingly affordable, there has been a surge in the number of vehicles on the roads on an average all over the world. The swift development of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier nowadays. The initiation of technology has likewise increased the traffic hazards and road accidents take place regularly, which causes massive loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities. Accidents bring devastation upon victims, causing the loss of precious time and money. It has been established, after extensive research, that a majority of accidents become fatalities because of a lack of communication to the concerned medical authorities and the consequent lack of immediate medical support. An accelerometer can be used in this research as a rollover or crash detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. Likewise, the vibration sensor can be used in research in order to check the vibration rates of any car. By monitoring the information from the accelerometer and the vibration sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. It then sends the alert message through the GSM Module, including the latitude and longitude data provided by the GPS module, to the police control room, any rescue team, or to the car owners. So, the police can immediately trace the location where the accident has occurred and necessary action can be taken after receiving the emergency message. This system can prove to be a lifesaver in isolated areas where an accident has occurred and no one is around in order to report the accident. Through this system, an accident can be detected and a life can be saved by the quick response from the emergency services.

Intelligent system-based stun gloves for women's protection

In recent times, the security of women and girls has become a major concern in urban areas in many countries. To assist with settling this issue, this paper proposes a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based Stun Gloves for women with many safety techniques. The basic operation of this prototype design is that whenever women detect danger, they can simply press the gadget's ON button. When the gadget becomes active, it will track the online position of women using GPS and send an emergency message using the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to the currently enlisted portable number and the police control room. These security Stun Gloves have both an alarm and a shock provider circuit. The heartbeat rate and temperature are also shown on a connected Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The heartbeat sensor can detect any unusual heart rate patterns and send the woman's current location via GPS to the rescue team or pre-registered mobile number in the form of a Short Message Service (SMS). Likewise, in the case of self-protection, this gadget is incorporated with a shock generator. This safety precaution can be taken by women in case of any emergency crisis, which a female can use against a person. The main benefit of the design of Stun Gloves is that this gadget is compact and easy to use by any woman.

Intelligent Traffic Control System for Congestion Control, Ambulance Clearance and Stolen Vehicle Detection

Abstract: Over the years, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically, which has led to serious problems such as traffic jams, accidents, and many other problems, as cities turn into smart cities. In recent years, traffic jams have become one of the main challenges for engineers and designers to create an intelligent traffic management system capable of effectively detecting and reducing the overall density of traffic in most urban areas. This paper presents an intelligent traffic control system to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Each individual vehicle is equipped with special RFID tag (placed at a strategic location), which makes it impossible to remove or destroy. We use RFID reader, NSK EDK-125–TTL and PIC16F877A system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicle. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration. It also determines the network congestion, and hence the green light duration for that path. If the RFID-tag-read belongs to the stolen vehicle, then a message is sent using GSM SIM300 to the police control room. Also, when an ambulance is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn on the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules on CC2500 and PIC16F877A system-on-chip for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller. The prototype was tested under different combinations of inputs in our wireless communication laboratory and experimental results were found as expected. Keywords: ZigBee, CC2500, GSM, SIM300, PIC16F877A, Ambulance Vehicle, Stolen Vehicle, Congestion Control, Traffic Junction.

An Enhanced Accident Detection and Recovery System Using MEMS Technology

Abstract This is an intention to implement an innovative solution for this problem by developing an automatic accident detection system and recovery analysis play an important role. By using this mobile (SMS) and also with the help of embedded technology we can solve this problem. An accelerometer can be used in a car alarm application; Dangerous driving can be detected with an accelerometer. The vibration sensor detects the accident. The MEMS sensor detects a rollover and alerts the driver. A major accident can be detected using accelerometer readings. According to this idea, when a car is involved in an accident, the vehicle number and contact information for the people involved are promptly recorded and will be transferred to police control room or a rescue team by using GSM MODEM. As a result, using GPS, the cops can quickly determine where the communication originated. One more advances of this modern technology were for an uncertain situation many of vehicles that have center locking system, Due this technology people faces many problem due to automatic locking system. There is no option to open the lock in the case; our work will provide a suitable solution for this so it is useful for implementing this project in useful way to reduce the human death ratio by accidents.

Service evaluation of the South Wales police control room mental health triage model: outcomes achieved, lessons learned and next steps

PurposeSouth Wales Police Mental Health (MH) Triage service was initiated to meet the Welsh Government MH priority of early intervention to prevent MH crisis. Community Psychiatric Nurses, based in the control-room, provide advice to police and control room staff on the management of MH-related incidents. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the first 12 months of operation (January-December 2019).Design/methodology/approachService evaluation of the first 12 months of operation (January–December 2019). Data were analysed in relation to: MH incidents; repeat callers; Section (S)136 use/assessment outcomes. Police, health staff and triage service users were interviewed and surveyed to capture their opinions of the service.FindingsPolicing areas with high engagement in triage saw reductions in S136 use and estimated opportunity costs saving. Triage was considered a valuable service that promoted cross agency collaborations. De-escalation in cases of mental distress was considered a strength. Access to follow-on services was identified as a challenge.Practical implicationsTriage enables a multi-agency response in the management of MH-related incidents. Improving trust between services, with skilled health professionals supporting police decision-making in real time.Originality/valueThere is a gap in the research on the impact of police-related MH triage models beyond the use of S136. This project evaluated the quality of the service, its design and the relationship between health, police and partner agencies during the triage process. Multi-agency assessment of follow-up is needed to measure the long-term impact on services and users.

Automatic messaging system by detecting the road accidents for vehicle applications

The emerging advancements in innovation has changed our lives drastically making it ease. Yet in this forefront world the rate of automobile accidents is still increasing resulting in increased fatality rate majorly due to untimely attention of emergency services. Our project will provide the best possible answer to this problem. When an automobile collides with another vehicle, the MEMS sensor senses this and sends the data, which is then processed by Arduino, according to this project. The Arduino sends an alarm message to a police control room or a rescue squad via the GSM Module, which includes the position. As a result, as soon as the police receive the information, they can use the GPS Module to track down the location. Then, once the location has been confirmed, the necessary steps will be taken. The project alerts the emergency services and the family members for immediate help by sending the location when an accident occurs.

Tropical cyclone Fani–perspective from the trauma and emergency department of an affected tertiary hospital

PurposeTo explore the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients admitted to the trauma and emergency department (TED) of a tertiary care hospital due to tropical cyclone Fani and highlight the challenges faced by the hospital in this natural disaster. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in the TED in the affected zone. Data of all victims affected by the cyclone Fani on May 3, 2019 were obtained from disaster records and medical case sheets. All patients except death on admission were included. Clinical variables included anatomical sites and severity of injuries which was assessed by revised trauma score (RTS) and injury severity score (ISS). Trauma injury severity score (TRISS) was also calculated. ResultsOf 75 patients, 74 were included and the other one was brought dead and thus excluded. The age, median ± interquartile range (IQ), was 41.0 (27.7–53.0) years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Most of the wounded were transported by the police control room vans on day 1: first 10 h, 50.0%; 10-24 h, 20.3%. The median ± IQ range of RTS, ISS and TRISS were 20 (14–28), 7.84 (7.841–7.841), and 97.4 (91.6–98.9), respectively. Simple external injury was the dominant injury type. Polytrauma (ISS >15) was seen in 67% cases and spine injury in 14% cases (7% cervical and 7% thoracolumbar). Injury causes included sharp flying objects (broken pieces of glasses and asbestos) in 31% cases, followed by fall of trees in 20.3%. Twenty-four patients were discharged after primary treatment, 30 admitted to the indoor-trauma ward or intensive care unit and 20 deferred or transferred to another center. There was no in-house mortality. Challenges were related to electricity failure, mobile network breakdown, infrastructure collapse, and delay in expertise repair from outside due to airport/railway closure. ConclusionIn cyclonic storm like Fani, sharp flying objects, fall of trees/poles and collapsing walls constitute the common mode of injuries causing harm to more than one body regions. Polytrauma was seen in the majority of patients though external injury was the commonest. The affected hospital had the uphill task of treating hospitalized patients as well as disaster victims.

Virtual Friendly Device for Women Security

Crimes against women is becoming a daily routine in our country, nowadays. An increased demand persists in developing safety devices for ensuring safe and secure environment for women. The main aim is to develop a “Virtual Friendly” device, to safeguard themselves while in trouble. The proposed system developed consists of GPS, GSM modem, Microcontroller (LPC812), RF transceiver, Temperature Sensor, Voice Recognizer. GPS Receiver gets the location information from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude. The Microcontroller processes this information and this processed information is sent to the POLICE control room. The temperature sensor senses the body temperature continuously. SMS alert will be sent in case of low temperature which indicates emergency condition. The system can be activated by the user by themselves, when they are in need of self-defense. Features such as Alarm sound, voice recognition are added to the system to ensure optimum efficiency. The voice recognizer circuit is used to send command with voice by using the codes SAVE ME and HELP ME. The device is designed as a portable kit and easily operated, so that any women can easily carry with them anywhere and everywhere.

Wireless Power Transmission for Dynamic Charging of Battery A p pliances in Multipurpose Smart Solar B ag

As the world is leading towards smartness in all the working aspects with this modernization, smart solar bag which performs many applications has brought a new application specific product in to the society. Smart means intelligent, with the usage of solar energy and wireless charging its smartness raised a step ahead. It is intelligent enough to perform various tasks in our everyday life. It can be user friendly product to students, employee’s and even to military soldiers as well. Arduino UNO is the brain of the solar bag has a capability of controlling multi-tasking features. The power supply for the equipments to be charge will be obtained from solar panel which is fixed in the front portion of the smart bag. The Electromagnetic field detector (RFID) will be used in order to identify the objects kept in the bag using RFID tag so that forgetfulness can be avoided. There will be an emergency buzzer button which will send the location of the victim to the nearest police control room in the case of emergency. There will be a light attached in the bottom left side of the smart bag which will be used as torch light in the night time. There will be another feature used for tracking our phones and bags in case of theft by using Bluetooth and GPS.

Reliability analysis of hybrid renewable energy system by fault tree analysis

This study is based on the simulation and optimization of renewable energy system of a Police Control Room Sagar Central India. The meteorological data of solar insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken from Sagar Central India (Longitude 78° 45′ and Latitude 23°50) and the pattern of load consumption of Police control room is studied and suitably modeled for the optimization of the hybrid energy system using HOMER software. The report offers a reliability assessment of hybrid renewable energy system of the field region. Weather data and the load profile of the study area are recorded and fault tree analysis is used for the reliability assessment of hybrid renewable energy system which further provides a static depiction of the combinations of failures and actions that can cause the specified critical fault to occur.

VANET Based p-RSA Scheduling Algorithm Using Dynamic Cloud Storage

Future intelligent transport systems would heavily rely on Vehicular Ad hoc Network which provides seamless services to the driver on national high-ways. This paper proposes priority based RSA algorithm (p-RSA). The proposed algorithm replaces road side unit with dynamic cloud to reduce the physical infrastructure from the network, provide larger scope of services maintain quality of service to the users. pRSA being on dynamic cloud gives information of the entire traffic to all the vehicles in the range and also the central controlling unit. During call for an emergency service, nearest Police Control Room van is sent a SOS (distress signal can be interpreted as Save our Soul) and at the same time nearest Police Picket and Medical services are alerted. Being on global positioning system and cloud even during misty or foggy conditions every vehicle would know where exactly it is heading and even if a target comes close to other vehicle a warning would flash on the screen with loud beep, the speed would be automatically cut-down to maintain the distance between the vehicles, not only ahead of it, but also behind the target vehicle. Scheduling of pRSA has been compared with first come first serve (FCFS), smallest data size first (SDF) and new method using Deadline and Size of Data (NDS) algorithms on the basis of skew, the priority factor increased by 93.75, 31.25 and 18.75% in comparison to FCFS, SDF and NDS algorithm respectively. Bandwidth consumption and energy utilization are 12.0 and 5.56% less than NDS.

Effectiveness of a training program for police officers who come into contact with people with mental health problems: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

IntroductionPolice officers frequently come into contact with individuals with mental health problems. Specialist training in this area for police officers may improve how they respond to individuals with mental health problems; however, evidence to support this is sparse. This study evaluated the effectiveness of one bespoke mental health training package for frontline police officers relative to routine training.DesignPragmatic, two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial in one police force in England. Police stations in North Yorkshire were randomised with frontline police officers receiving either a bespoke mental health training package or routine training. The primary outcome was the number of incidents which resulted in a police response reported to the North Yorkshire Police control room up to six months after delivery of training. Secondary outcomes included: likelihood of incidents using Section 136 of the Mental Health Act; likelihood of incidents having a mental health tag applied; and number of individuals with a mental health warning marker involved in incidents. The appropriateness of mental health tags applied to a random sample of incidents was checked by an independent mental health professional. Routinely collected data were used.ResultsTwelve police stations were recruited and randomised (Intervention group n = 6; Control group n = 6), and 249 officers received the bespoke mental health training intervention. At follow-up, a median of 397 incidents were assigned to trial stations in the intervention group, and 498 in the control group. There was no evidence of a difference in the number of incidents with a police response (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.38, p = 0.69), or in the number of people with mental health warning markers involved in incidents (adjusted IRR 1.39, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.10, p = 0.13) between the intervention and control groups up to six months following the intervention; however, incidents assigned to stations in the intervention group were more likely to have a mental health tag applied to them than incidents assigned to control stations (adjusted odds ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71, p = 0.001). The review of 100 incidents suggests that there may be incidents involving individuals with mental health issues that are not being recorded as such (Kappa coefficient 0.65). There was no statistically significant difference in the likelihood of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act being applied to an incident.ConclusionsThe bespoke one day mental health training delivered to frontline officers by mental health professionals did not reduce the number of incidents reported to the police control room up to six months after its delivery; however training may have a positive effect on how the police record incidents involving individuals with mental health problems. Our trial has shown that conducting pragmatic trials within the police setting is feasible and acceptable. There is a wealth of routinely collected police data that can be utilised for research and further collaboration between police forces and academia is encouraged.Trial registrationISRCTN (ISRCTN11685602). The authors confirm that all ongoing and related trials for this drug/intervention are registered.

A Safety Device for Womens Security Using GSM/GPS

This project describes about a one touch alarm system for women�s safety using GSM. In the light of recent outrage in Delhi which shook the nation and woke us to the safety issues for women, people are finding up in different ways to defend. Here we introduce a device which ensures the protection of women. This helps to identify protect and call on resources to help the one out of dangerous situations. Anytime you senses danger, all you had to do, is hold on the button of the device. The device consists of a AT89S52 microcontroller, GSM module, GPS modules. The system resembles a normal device which when activated, tracks the place of the women using GPS (Global Positioning System) and Force sensor and sends emergency messages using GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), to wireless SOS key contacts and the police control room. The main advantage of this system is that the user does not require a Smartphone unlike other applications that have been developed earlier. The use of sophisticated components ensures accuracy and makes it reliable. The system provides with all the features which will leave no stone unturned to help the dupe in any kind of emergency situations.

Police liaison and section 136: comparison of two different approaches.

Aims and method Two police liaison and section 136 schemes were developed alongside police services at different sites within the same NHS trust. In one, a mental health nurse worked with frontline police attending incidents related to mental health. The other involved nurses providing advice from the police control room. Section 136 detentions were measured over two 6-month periods (6 months apart) before and after practice change. Data analysed included total numbers of section 136 assessments, outcomes following subsequent assessment, and relevant diagnostic and demographic factors. Association of any change in section 136 total numbers and proportion subsequently admitted was investigated in both sites.Results The model involving a nurse alongside frontline police showed significant reduction in section 136 numbers (38%, P < 0.01) as well as greater admission rates (P = 0.01). The scheme involving support within the police control room did not show any change in section 136 detention but showed a non-significant (P = 0.16) decrease in subsequent admission.Clinical implications Mental health nurses working alongside frontline police officers can help improve section 136 numbers and outcomes.

Embedded Lockets for Multipurpose Tracking System using GPS, GPRS and GSM

Objectives: To obtain a classical tracking device for helping common people with the aim of providing security and precaution. Methods: Multipurpose tracking system allows to track different types of people namely children, women and elderly people by insisting three buttons one for children, other for women and another for elderly people. These system alerts the receiver end people by using signals of GPS and sending message and calls through GSM and GPRS. In this work, voice recorder and a camera is initiated to know the actual situation in the front end as an image through email and voice through speaker. Findings: To tackle the above problem and safeguard them, we have found a small device in a locket model with advanced technologies like GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), GPRS (General Package for Radio Service) which helps to track them latitudinal and longitudinal directions through satellite where the alert message and calls through voice playback are send to the receiver end like parents, police control room and attender and a camera which helps in taking visual images and send to the receiver end through email at the time of risk.