Polemic Issues Research Articles

Attaining High Functional Performance in Biodegradable Mg-Alloys: An Overview of Challenges and Prospects for the Mg-Zn-Ca System.

This article presents a concise overview of modern achievements and existing knowledge gaps in the area of biodegradable magnesium alloys. Hundreds of Mg-based alloys have been proposed as candidates for temporary implants, and this number tends to increase day by day. Therefore, while reviewing common aspects of research in this field, we confine ourselves primarily to the popular Mg-Zn-Ca system, taken as a representative example. Over the last decades, research activities in this area have grown enormously and have produced many exciting results. Aiming at highlighting the areas where research efforts are still scarce, we review the state-of-the-art processing techniques and summarize the functional properties attained via a wide variety of processing routes devised towards achieving a desired properties profile, including the mechanical response in terms of strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance paired with biocompatibility and bio-corrosion resistance or controlled degradability. We pay keen attention to a summary of corrosion properties and mechano-chemical interactions between an aggressive environment and loaded Mg-based structures, resulting in stress corrosion cracking and premature corrosion fatigue failures. The polemic issues and challenges practitioners face in their laboratory research are identified and discussed.

‘Firearming’ Fairytales: NRA and Gun Culture in American Fan-Fiction

Gun issue becomes one of the most polemic issues in the United States alongside racism. Regardless, the last major gun control legislation to make it into law was the assault weapons ban in 1994 as part of a larger crime-related bill approved during Bill Clinton presidential period. After the assault weapons ban expired, American society is threatened by the increasing numbers of gun violence issue such as mass shooting and gun homicide. In this case, NRA involvement is vital towards gun culture in the United States. As non-profit organization, NRA has influential lobbying for any policies towards gun policies. Thus, this paper discusses the dissemination of gun culture on NRA family website www.nrafamily.org. In 2016, Amelia Hamilton rewrote two Grimm’s fairytales “Little Red Riding Hood (Has a Gun)” and “Hansel and Gretel (Have Guns). Since gun becomes commodity, these NRA versions of fairytales can be analyzed as part of consumer manipulation by using consumer capitalist theory. Thus, this analysis shows that those fan-fictionalized fairytales consist of two main aspects: gun as protector and gun culture as common culture in the United States. It embraces the rationalization of gun ownership’ in the United States despite its lethal consequences.

A Guideline of Determination Haram Status of Intentionally Adding Animal Plasma in Surimi Products

The process of intentionally adding animal plasma additive (APA) into surimi products is part of the polemic issues are getting attention among Muslim consumers. APA possesses good functional properties such as improving emulsifying capacity, alternative for fat, alternative for eggs besides functions as a cheap protein alternative. There are opinion regards transformation of animal plasma into commercial APA is part of the sustainable effort to minimize environmental problems as a result the non-systematic disposal of animal blood into land and water. Moreover, some of the minor group of scholars claimed the prohibition attributes to spilled-out blood not the plasma which has transformed its physical characteristics. However, based on the collected qualitative data from numerous library sources and interview with the experts show that there is no room to permit its utilization unless in dharuriyh situation. To justify the arguments, the researchers propose a guideline of determination haram status animal plasma into surimi products that will be a good reference for other researchers to comprehend this issue. The analysis shows ‘illah (legal cause) of its prohibition due of its impurity characteristics as stated in the Islamic legal texts. In addition, principle of Istihalah, Istihlak , Bara’ah Asliyyah and preservation of dharuriyyah al- khamsah are applied to strengthen the arguments. Last but not least, to vast up the discussion, fatwa debates related to the status of APA at International and National level are included as well. Lastly, this guideline has potential to contribute in Contemporary fiqh and science knowledge, halal seafood producer and advancement of future research particularly in the context to understand hukm of intentionally transform and mixing APA as an alternative ingredient into surimi products.

Negative impacts of the administration of hydroxycloroquine and anticoagulant in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection: a randomized clinical trial

Purpose: To evaluate antimalarial with or without anticoagulant treatment, in patients with recent SARS-COV-2 infection. Methods: Clinical study carried out at Samuel Libânio Clinic Hospital, University of Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre-MG. Approved by the Ethics Committee (4.034.077) and registered in the Clinical Trials (NCT04788355). Suspected patients for COVID-19 were included in the emergency room. The groups were: C (control) with 6 patients, A (anticoagulant apixaban) with 9 patients, H (hydroxychloroquine) with 5 patients and HA (hydroxychloroquine and anticoagulant apixaban) with 8 patients. Results: there were no significant differences between groups. The HA group, in which there was an intervention with two drugs, presented a greater number of days with symptoms (p = 0.037) and worse results, when compared to the control: most relevant symptoms, were: cough (p = 0.001), and anosmia / ageusia (p = 0.011) headache (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The present study began when there were doubts about the use of drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and apixaban (APX). The reduced “n” was defined through bureaucratic and polemic issues independent of the authors’ actions. No clinical benefit was associated with HCQ and APX. There was an increase in the number of symptomatic days when HCQ and APX were administered. Despite the limitations, there was no therapeutic indication of the evaluated drugs.

Analysis of Legal Powers of Municipal Wardens they Possess to Ensure Safety At the Local Level

Abstract In Slovenia, the Municipal Warden Services Act (ZORed, 2006, and ZORed-A, 2017) represents the framework organisational legal act regulating the field of work of municipal wardens. In addition to the above act, the field of work and tasks performed by municipal wardens are also regulated by other laws and by-laws. Legal regulations enable and allow authorised persons of municipal warden services to use repressive powers in ensuring security. The article thus presents the security powers of municipal wardens from the point of view of the applicable Slovenian legal order. The article is a scientific review based on grammatical and dogmatic interpretation of applicable legal regulations and selected decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, and on an analytical method of the review of the Slovenian legislation in the field in question. The legal methods used by the author also include a synthetic method of comparing the legislation from the underlying Municipal Warden Services Act (ZORed, 2006) and its main amendments set out in the ZORed-A (2017). The paper is a comprehensive review of measures that municipal wardens may use to ensure safety at the local level. The author lists the relevant scientific and professional literature and argues about polemic issues with other prominent Slovenian authors. In Slovenia, laws are being amended, giving more and more powers to municipal wardens. The conceptual changes introduced by the ZORed-A (2017) have resolved some ambiguities, such as the addition/amendment of articles relating to the conditions for performing municipal warden tasks and supervision over their use, but a comprehensive and systematic amendment of municipal warden services legislation would nevertheless be useful.

Prelúdios literários de Lima Barreto (1881-1922)

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar textos pouco conhecidos e até inéditos do escritor Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto. Por meio de pesquisas nos arquivos da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, foi possível encontrar manuscritos nos quais o autor remete a episódios que fizeram parte da sua formação intelectual e crônicas assinadas com os pseudônimos de Philéas Fogg e S. Holmes que circularam na revista Fon-Fon, órgão de destaque na imprensa carioca do começo do século XX. Desse modo, busca-se aqui também compreender as implicações históricas das polêmicas entre os intelectuais da Belle Époque tropical.

Ángeles Mastretta: mujeres, revolución y melodrama

En este artículo se analiza la obra ficcional de la escritora Ángeles Mastretta. Y nos detenemos en tres de sus aspectos más destacados y polémicos: su relación con el feminismo, su manera de revisitar la historia mexicana del siglo XX y su inclinación hacia el melodrama. Iniciamos recogiendo las principales descalificaciones que la crítica literaria ha realizado contra esta autora y contra su narrativa. Sin embargo, leemos tales reprobaciones en el contexto general de los debates surgidos a propósito del “post-boom” latinoamericano. Esto significa considerarlas a la luz de las transformaciones que se presentaron ―durante las postrimerías de nuestro siglo XX― respecto de los paradigmas literarios aportados y legitimados desde el llamado Boom. En relación con el primer aspecto, hacemos notar cómo ―al carecer de una concepción orgánica o programática― el punto de vista de esta narradora es más bien femenino que feminista. A propósito de su mirada sobre el México revolucionario y post-revolucionario, destacamos su visión crítica e iconoclasta, así como su valioso énfasis en el ámbito de la vida privada de aquellos que ejercen el poder. Finalmente, nos detenemos a revisar el mayor reparo a partir del cual los críticos de Mastretta se niegan a reconocerle algún valor literario a su trabajo; esto es: su filiación con un insumo representacional tan denostado como el melodrama. En nuestro examen, no obstante, operamos de un modo menos prejuiciado. De allí que escudriñemos el proceder heterodoxo de Mastretta frente a este género; es decir, la manera en que lo parodia, lo ensancha, lo enriquece.

Política exterior colombiana 2010-2014: ¿giro a la autonomía?

Este artículo de reflexión ciñó su recorte temporal de estudio presenta entre el año 2010 al año 2014, y se plantea desarrollar la hipótesis construida desde la identificación de las diversas actuaciones y actividades que señalan claramente un cambio en cuanto a la orientación de la política exterior colombiana se refiere, tales como: la diversificación de socios comerciales, la participación activa en instancias multilaterales y el protagonismo en temas álgidos de la región, las cuales se configuran como prácticas y métodos de mantenimiento de poder político, tendientes a lograr márgenes de autonomía sin confrontar a EE. UU. Una especie de softlaw o de derecho suave donde un marco conceptual refiere a la autonomía en materia de las Relaciones Internacionales, una necesaria reconstrucción de la evolución de la política exterior colombiana bajo los conceptos de Réspice Polum y autonomía. Finalmente, y mediante el empleo de un marco teórico pertinente, se analizará el periodo descrito

O PROBLEMA ENVOLVENDO AS OPMEs E OS PLANOS DE SAÚDE: CONTORNOS E ANÁLISE DA PROBLEMÁTICA

O presente artigo tem como objetivo introduzir e analisar algumas das questões mais polêmicas relacionadas às indicações de Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais (OPMEs) no âmbito dos contratos de planos de saúde. No texto, são exibidos elementos normativos atinentes a esse contexto, bem como decisões judiciais emblemáticas acerca da temática. O escopo é defender, de forma fundamentada, que a indicação de próteses e órteses pelo profissional assistente não pode ser vista como a única opinião válida, tampouco como necessariamente a mais correta, haja vista a existência de interesses outros que não a mera saúde do paciente e que também estão frequentemente em jogo. Ao final, é explicado que, à luz da normatização atualmente vigente no Brasil no âmbito da saúde suplementar, ao médico assistente cabe (apenas) indicar as características dos materiais necessários, cabendo à operadora de planos de saúde a escolha da marca e do fabricante. Enquanto os magistrados não se conscientizarem dessas normas, este sério problema não se resolverá.

Interview-Based Research in Accounting 2000-2014: A Review

This article is concerned with the way that interview data is used in accounting research. We tabulate 510 interview-based research articles in major accounting journals published in the 15 year period 2000-2014 and examine patterns in relation to that interview data is may be drawn upon to support research claims. Specifically, we focus on three polemic issues faced by researchers: (1) data sufficiency; (2) the role of quotes; and (3) the content of method sections in research articles. Across this period, we find several trends including an increase in the number of block quotations used in published articles, an increase in the length of method sections and an increased reliance on coding and qualitative software. We offer some general guidance for enhancing the use of interview data in accounting research.

Digitalisation and Labour: A Rejoinder to Christian Fuchs

I have published a paper about social network sites in the journal Television & New Media, criticising some ideas of Christian Fuchs, who considers the mere act of surfing on commercial websites using targeted advertising, such as Facebook, a form of labour. His rejoinder deserves some responses from me. We share the same concern about the need to analyse the Internet from a Marxist perspective—revealing its dominative features and its functions as an instrument of exploitation, while considering the counter-hegemonic possibilities allowed by the system structure or, as Fuchs puts it, regarding the fact that “alternatives to Facebook and the capitalist Internet are needed”. Although, Fuchs in his response concerns mainly one major idea, he makes the same mistake as Dallas Smythe regarding the labour theory of value. In his rejoinder he refers to some old polemic issues known in the Marxist debate that have nothing to do with the problem itself. Acknowledgement: The two articles, on which this contribution is based, are: Bolaño, César R. S. and Eloy S. Vieira. 2015. The Political Economy of the Internet: Social Networking Sites and a Reply to Fuchs. Television & New Media 16 (1): 52–61. Fuchs, Christian. 2015. Against Divisiveness: Digital Workers of the World Unite! A Rejoinder to César Bolaño and Eloy Vieira. Television & New Media 16 (1): 62–71.

MARTYNO JANKAUS LEIDYBINĖ VEIKLA IR VAIDMUO KULTŪRINIAME IR POLITINIAME SĄJŪDYJE

Martynas Jankus (1858–1946) is a historical personality. His importance does not diminish with time. The myth of Jankus was created during his life, monuments for him were erected, streets and organisations were named after him. Jankus still makes a significant influence because his interests coincided and coincide with the vital interests of the Lithuanian nation and state. He played an important role in the history of Lithuanian publishing. He established a multifunctional publishing, printing and trading enterprise in Lithuania Minor governed by Prussia. The enterprise was active in 1889−1923. It was mainly oriented towards publishing and production of Lithuanian publications in Latin script prohibited by Tsarist government, and smuggling it to Great Lithuania. It published 400 books and 27 periodicals in the Lithuanian, German, Polish and Byelorussian languages. There were two priorities in Jankus’ activity: commercial and idealist. The first ensured existence of the enterprise and the family; the second allowed him to implement spiritual, educational and political goals. One of the achievements by Jankus’ enterprise was the productivity of his publishing work, a variety of publications as well as their orientation towards secular and polemic issues. This was an important innovation within Lithuanian publishing, formed by Jankus’ orientation towards maturing the national movement, co-operation with the majority of the nation, rapidly evolving social and political powers. Jankus’ historical role is also associated with the innovative experiments in publishing (he tried to produce satirical, daily, and evening periodicals), with expansion of publishing relations between Lithuanian national-revolutionary movement and similar movements in neighbouring countries. A number of Lithuanian young people acquired the qualifications in typography in Jankus’ enterprise. Some of them became initiators and professionals of publishing business in Great Lithuania after the ban on Lithuanian press had been lifted in 1904. At present, the heritage published by Jankus is increasing in value. Almost all books, brochures, periodical and small publications published by him belong to the category of rarities. The search and retrieval of this published heritage is continuing, therefore, we still do not know the precise number of publications produced by Jankus.

¿COMPENSACIÓN DE ÍNDOLE ECONÓMICA BASADA EN LA EQUIDAD O ATRIBUCIÓN DE DERECHOS SUCESORIOS AL CONVIVIENTE SOBREVIVIENTE?

In this article, due to sentence of Supreme Court March, 7th 2012, we analyse three polemic issues regarding to the recognition of legal effects to unmarried couples. First of all, talking about the necessary requirements for define if it’s an unmarried couple susceptible to this recognition we think about the exclusively requirement and the lack of bond of married. Secondly, we suggest the equity and the unjust enrichment as a way to recognise post mortem legal effects to unmarried couples. Finally, we try to open the debate about the legal basis of separated intestate successions rights.

Extreme grain refinement by severe plastic deformation: A wealth of challenging science

This article presents our take on the area of bulk ultrafine-grained materials produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Over the last decades, research activities in this area have grown enormously and have produced interesting results, which we summarise in this concise review. This paper is intended as an introduction to the field for the “uninitiated”, while at the same time highlighting some polemic issues that may be of interest to those specialising in bulk nanomaterials produced by SPD. A brief overview of the available SPD technologies is given, along with a summary of unusual mechanical, physical and other properties achievable by SPD processing. The challenges this research is facing—some of them generic and some specific to the nanoSPD area—are identified and discussed.

Discurso argumentativo e produção de sentidos em indivíduos com Sindrome de Down

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as características comunicativo-argumentativas em duas crianças com síndrome de Down, propondo-se analisar a produção de sentidos favorecida pelo discurso argumentativo em parceria com a pesquisadora. Para tal, a coleta de dados foi realizada em uma escola municipal do ensino fundamental I da cidade do Recife, com a participação de duas alunas com síndrome de Down. As alunas com síndrome de Down, individualmente, realizaram uma atividade discursiva com a intervenção da pesquisadora. As atividades individuais foram desenvolvidas com o auxílio de uma prancha, com o intuito de estabelecer a comunicação. Essas atividades tinham como tema assuntos do cotidiano das alunas que podiam ser passíveis de polemização. Os resultados demonstraram que as alunas com síndrome de Down parecem possuir especificidades discursivas na forma de argumentar. Em geral, os movimentos argumentativos realizados pelas alunas com síndrome de Down apareciam discursivamente na forma de gestos representativos e/ou verbalizações curtas - construções verticais.

Environmental Communication: Social and Participatory Mobilization Strategies for Education, Information and Integration of the Socio-Environmental Network APA SUL RMBH

O objetivo deste artigo é introduzir e analisar os modelos de comunicação utilizados na estruturaçãoda Rede Socioambiental no território da unidade de conservação da APA SUL RMBH, um ambienteque envolve questões polêmicas e interesses econômicos. Tais modelos almejam estabelecer diálogos ecompartilhar informações acerca dessa região de modo intersetorial, participativo, igualitário e dinâmico,enfatizando o caráter mobilizatório dos processos comunicativos. A definição de objetivos comuns, aproblematização participativa, a definição dos atores sociais e seus papéis, bem como o planejamentopara a maior eficiência do processo, emergem como estratégias de mobilização que se estruturam “com”e não “para” a sociedade. Nesse contexto, o usufruto e a consolidação de ferramentas de comunicaçãoefetivas, como, por exemplo, fóruns permanentes de debates, cartilha informacional, pesquisas sociais,formação de agentes locais inseridos em um modelo estrutural virtual e de alta tecnologia – Portal (ouSite) da Rede Socioambiental APA SUL RMBH – tornam-se base para a convocação dos propósitos comuns e o estabelecimento de redes sociais. A tecedura e o cruzamento dessas relações delineiam,então, um conjunto interligado de fatores complementares que regem a mobilização social nesse espaçode sociobiodiversidade.

Narrativas, identidades e ação política na pós-modernidade

Este trabalho procura explorar o recente interesse pela pesquisa qualitativa de natureza narrativa, discutindo as relações entre narrativa e formação e/ou compreensão da identidade. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é tentar estabelecer um diálogo entre o pensamento de pesquisadores que abordam as narrativas ou histórias de vida como constitutivas de nossas identidades e o pensamento de autores que abordam a questão identitária a partir de um ponto de vista pós-moderno. Por meio de um exemplo de "Terceiro Espaço", as ideias e propostas desses autores serão discutidas a fim de se alcançar uma compreensão maior sobre questões tão atuais quanto polêmicas, quais sejam narrativas, identidades e culturas, em suas definições mais amplas.

Parentesco, autoridad cacical y subordinación al orden. Una revisión teórica e histórica de la política rosista hacia las parcialidades “amigas” de la región pampeana (Buenos Aires, 1829-1839)

Within the historiographical renovation regarding the study of Pampa and Patagonia’s indigenous and frontier societies, chiefly authority has been one of the most polemic issues, due to the disagreement when characterizing their sociopolitical structures. This article proposes to revise inherited conceptual frames, to outline new theoretical lines of analysis and to suggest new concepts which allow us to rethink the “Negocio Pacifico de Indios”, which has transcended in historiography as the specific politic of Rosas government in order to subordinate “friendly” moieties.

PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO E PRINCÍPIOS DE GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA

The purpose of this paper is to discuss in the context of Brasilian Graduate programs on education, the links between research and democratic management principles, having as references both in force legal texts and the proposal for university reform in progress. One of the polemic issues being analyzed in an odd association between democratic management and the present process of privatization of the university. Propositions like autonomy and participation are great issues at the debates arena, however, translated into actions and laws, they function as mere – and restricted – concessions, and the fact that results evaluation is being taken into account as an axis puts the dynamics of graduate programs at risk. Key words : democratic management, research on education, autonomy, participation

<i>“El libro que contiene onze partidos del M. Dn Joseph de Torres”</i>. ¿Torres y Martínez Bravo, o Torres y Vergara? Aproximaciones a una interpretación filológica del manuscrito de la colección Sánchez Garza

El Libro de Torres de la colección Sánchez Garza, es uno de los documentos más polémicos de los últimos tiempos en la musicología hispánica. Esta polémica ha sido el resultado de dos factores fundamentales: por un lado el problema de la autoría, y por el otro, el aparente desorden del contenido musical del manuscrito, debido supuestamente, al trabajo inefi ciente de los copistas que le dieron forma. Esto último ha llevado a concluir, como opinión generalizada, que se trata de una copia corrompida de las obras para órgano que habrían sido compuestas por el prestigiado compositor, organista, teórico musical e impresor español, Joseph de Torres y Martínez Bravo (*1670c; †1738), en cuyo caso el copista del manuscrito sería el responsable de dicho desorden; lo que ha llevado a suponer, a otros investigadores, que incluso las obras en cuestión no sean de su autoría. A esto debemos agregar la confusa y a veces errónea transcripción ofrecida por el CENIDIM en 1993, en cuyo caso las obras han sido adjudicadas a José de Torres y Vergara, un personaje mexicano, homónimo y contemporáneo de Torres y Martínez Bravo.