Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Research Articles

Design and analysis of consequent pole permanent magnet synchronous motor with low torque ripple

AbstractPermanent magnet (PM) motor with consequent pole (CP) rotor can improve the PM utilisation ratio. However, one group of PMs with the same polarity is replaced by iron core, which deteriorates the electromagnetic performances of the motor, including asymmetric air‐gap magnetic field and larger torque ripple. To solve this problem, this study analyses the relationship between the torque ripple and the stator‐rotor magnetomotive force (MMF) harmonics, determines the harmonic orders causing the torque ripple of the CP PM (CPPM) motor, and proposes an unequal‐turn four‐layer winding structure which can eliminate the determining harmonics in the stator MMF. Furthermore, the electromagnetic performances of the CPPM motors with the proposed winding structure and traditional CPPM motors are investigated by the finite‐element analysis. It is verified that the CPPM motor with the proposed structure has better motor performances.

PCB DESIGN OF A SERVO MOTOR CONTROLLER UNDER STRICT COST CONSTRAINS –THERMAL AWARE COMPONENT LAYOUT

This work comes within the scope of developing an automated linear axis that will be used in a novel production machine. The axis needs precise control over the linear movement, calling for a servo-controlled motor. There are many types of motors that can be used, starting from inexpensive stepper motors, up to expensive and performant multi pole permanent magnet synchronous motors. The project calls for a servo drive that will be able to deliver a power output within 200 to 600 Watts, with an efficiency of over 80%. Brushless DC motors offer many possibilities within this range of powers with outstanding price/performance ratios. Open source projects like TinyMovr, Vesc and ODrive propose highly performant software stacks that are used extensively within robotics communities. These open software solutions need adequate hardware platforms to perform. The scope of this work is the description of the steps taken to design the printed circuit board on which the ODrive servo motor control firmware can be implemented, from the point of view of the thermal effects of its components. Under normal cost constrains, the PCB would have been implemented using a minimum of four copper layers. It is the aim of this design to fulfil a stricter cost constrain that only allows for a two layer board to be used.

PCB DESIGN OF A SERVO MOTOR CONTROLLER UNDER STRICT COST CONSTRAINS – PI AWARE DESIGN

This work comes within the scope of developing an automated linear axis that will be used in a novel production machine. The axis needs precise control over the linear movement, calling for a servo-controlled motor. There are many types of motors that can be used, starting from inexpensive stepper motors, up to expensive and performant multi pole permanent magnet synchronous motors. The project calls for a servo drive that will be able to deliver a power output within 200 to 600 Watts, with an efficiency of over 80%. Brushless DC motors offer many possibilities within this range of powers with outstanding price/performance ratios. Open source projects like TinyMovr, Vesc and ODrive propose highly performant software stacks that are used extensively within robotics communities. These open software solutions need adequate hardware platforms to perform. The scope of this work is the description of the steps taken to design the printed circuit boardon which the ODrive servo motor control firmware can be implemented, from the point of view of the power integrity of its energy supply means. Under normal cost constrains, the PCB would have been implemented using a minimum of four copper layers. It is the aim of this design to fulfil a stricter cost constrain that only allows for a two layer board to be used.

LOCAL CONTENT CURRICULUM PLANNING BASED LIFE SKILL AT ASKHABUL KAHFI VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

This work comes within the scope of developing an automated linear axis that will be used in a novel production machine. The axis needs precise control over the linear movement, calling for a servo-controlled motor. There are many types of motors that can be used, starting from inexpensive stepper motors, up to expensive and performant multi pole permanent magnet synchronous motors. The project calls for a servo drive that will be able to deliver a power output within 200 to 600 Watts, with an efficiency of over 80%. Brushless DC motors offer many possibilities within this range of powers with outstanding price/performance ratios. Open source projects like TinyMovr, Vesc and ODrive propose highly performant software stacks that are used extensively within robotics communities. These open software solutions need adequate hardware platforms to perform. The scope of this work is the description of the steps taken to design the printed circuit board on which the ODrive servo motor control firmware can be implemented, from the point of view of the thermal effects of its components. Under normal cost constrains, the PCB would have been implemented using a minimum of four copper layers. It is the aim of this design to fulfil a stricter cost constrain that only allows for a two layer board to be used.

PCB DESIGN OF A SERVO MOTOR CONTROLLER UNDER STRICT COST CONSTRAINS – SIGNAL INTEGRITY AWARE DESIGN

This work comes within the scope of developing an automated linear axis that will be used in a novel production machine. The axis needs precise control over the linear movement, calling for a servo-controlled motor. There are many types of motors that can be used, starting from inexpensive stepper motors, up to expensive and performant multi pole permanent magnet synchronous motors. The project calls for a servo drive that will be able to deliver a power output within 200 to 600 Watts, with an efficiency of over 80%. Brushless DC motors offer many possibilities within this range of powers with outstanding price/performance ratios. Open source projects like TinyMovr, Vesc and ODrive propose highly performant software stacks that are used extensively within robotics communities. These open software solutions need adequate hardware platforms to perform. The scope of this work is the description of the steps taken to design the printed circuit boardon which the ODrive servo motor control firmware can be implemented, from the signal integrity point of view. Under normal cost constrains, the PCB would have been implemented using a minimum of four copper layers. It is the aim of this design to fulfil a stricter cost constrain that only allows for a two layer board to be used.

Improved Deadbeat Predictive Current Control to Enhance the Performance of the Drive System of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Thanks to the features of fast dynamic response, excellent static tracking performance, and less computation efforts, the deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC) has been widely applied for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in various applications like electric vehicles, where high speed operation is often adopted for achieving high power density of the drive system. However, the DPCC is a model-parameter-sensitive control method, so inaccuracy of the PMSM model or model parameter mismatch will cause significant deviation in predicting the further behavior of the control variables. To address this issue, an improved DPCC with a novel predictive model of PMSM is proposed in this paper. The novel predictive model considers the core loss of the PMSM, which may be a significant part of the electromagnetic loss but neglected in the traditional DPCC. As a case study, the proposed DPCC is used to analyze the characteristics of a claw pole PMSM drive system. To validate the merits of the improved DPCC, the analysis results are compared with those of the traditional DPCC.

Research on Radial Force of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Maxwell

In the existing permanent magnet motor drive system, the vibration and noise problems caused by motor and driver are more and more obvious and complex. Among them, the radial electromagnetic force fluctuation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) stator is the most important cause of vibration and noise. The radial electromagnetic force fluctuation of PMSM stator is the main source of vibration and noise. In order to lay a solid foundation for studying the distribution of vibration and noise, the radial electromagnetic force of 12 slot 14 pole PMSM is calculated by combining Maxwell stress method and Lorentz force method. Based on the Maxwell platform, a solution model is established to analyze the radial electromagnetic force of motor in time and space. The time–space analysis diagram of radial electromagnetic force in no-load section and load section is given; it is helpful to avoid resonance point and realize low-noise design of motor.

Cascaded boost buck converter for solar power driven stand-alone PMSM drive

This paper deals with the boost-buck converter employed solar power based PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) drive for variable speed compressor of a refrigeration system. A cascaded boost-buck converter is used as a non-inverting DC-DC converter in between solar PV panel and the PMSM drive. An independent control scheme for cascaded boost-buck converter is used to achieve non-inverting output DC bus voltage with maximum power tracking. It allows variable voltage control at PV panel with reduced voltage stress across the boost-buck converter switches under a desired voltage gain and system efficiency. The ZDC (Zero Direct Current) based vector-oriented control is employed for the VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) for speed control of non-salient pole PMSM drive. A DSC (Digital Signal Controller) dSPACE 1104 is used for real time validation. Simulation results are obtained to validate the performance of proposed control algorithms and test results are obtained with a rooftop solar PV panel.

Analysis and Design of Current Regulators for PMSM Drives Based on DRGA

The current-control loop plays an important role in achieving the rapid torque response of the vector-controlled salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Since the cross coupling of the motor model can deteriorate the performance of the current-control loop, numerous decoupling current regulators have been reported. However, less attention is drawn to the theoretical evaluation of the decoupling performance of the current regulators. In this article, the dynamic relative gain array (DRGA) is adopted to compare the performance of different decoupling current regulators and further used to design a current regulator with better decoupling performance. With the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) regulator seen as a general structure of decoupling current regulators, a design process of the 2DOF regulator is developed based on the DRGA. Finally, an optimal structure of the 2DOF regulator is proposed. The results of simulation and experiment on a 3-kW PMSM platform are provided to support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the better decoupling performance of the 2DOF regulator with the proposed structure.

Parameter Identification of PMSM Using Immune Clonal Selection Differential Evolution Algorithm

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) models with accurate parameters are crucial to high performance PMSM control system designs. As the estimation of PMSM parameters is very difficult due to thenonlinearmodel complexity, a novel immune clonal differential evolution algorithm (ICDEA) is proposed to identify the electrical parameters of nonsalient pole PMSM. Clonal selection and receptor editing mechanism are introduced to ICDEA to increase the diversity of the population and improve searching capability. The effectiveness of the proposed identification method is verified by both simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence in simultaneously estimating stator resistance,dq-axis inductances, and rotor flux linkage. In addition, the convergence speed of ICDEA is compared with other differential evolution (DE) algorithms, which verifies that the ICDEA has better performances in global searching.

Study of Control for Position Sensorless and Motor Current Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

A vector control system is proposed for sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. In order to realize a simple and low-cost control system, the position sensor and current sensor are eliminated, and the motor current is detected from the direct current using the A/D converter of a microcomputer. When the direct current cannot be detected, the motor current is reversely converted from the current value of the dq axis. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by experiments using a salient pole PMSM.

Flux-Weakening Control of Nonsalient Pole PMSM Having Large Winding Inductance, Accounting for Resistive Voltage Drop and Inverter Nonlinearities

This paper proposes an improved flux-weakening control method to improve the drive performance of nonsalient pole permanent magnet synchronous motors having large winding inductance and consequently an infinite constant power speed ratio. The proposed method consists of two parts. The first part utilizes the voltage differences between the input and output of a minimum-magnitude-error over-modulation block to modify the d-axis current references. The second part uses the compensated q-axis voltage, in which the resistive voltage drop and the distorted voltage due to inverter nonlinearities are taken into account, to detect the maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) line. Under the MTPV condition, a PI controller with a low-pass filter is presented to modify the q-axis current reference. With these two parts, the bus voltage utilization in the proposed method is close to the six-step operation and the actual current trajectory approaches the ideal MTPV line. As a result, the drive performance in the whole flux-weakening region is optimized in terms of maximizing the output torque/power. The method also shows a good performance in transient response. Effectiveness and superiorities of the proposed method are verified by experimental results.

Optimized High Frequency Signal Injection Based Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Rotor Position Estimation Applied to Washing Machines

Problem statement: This study investigates a novel optimized scheme of a High Frequency Signal Injection (HFSI) based sensor less technique in order to carry out a precise and robust rotor position error estimation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive designed for washing machines. The study was carried out for standstill condition, where precise position information was required for this application. Approach: In order to get rotor position error information, a PMSM high frequency model was considered in the estimated rotor reference frame (d,q). The impact of the HFSI technique parameters choice on the PMSM rotor position estimation performance was studied and experimentally tested, under various injection conditions. Results: The experimental results show that the amplitude of the high frequency current, resulting from injection, was not significant to carry out high performance rotor position estimation. In order to improve rotor position estimation performance and robustness, a modified demodulation of the high frequency current resulting from injection was proposed by using a high pass filter amplifier applied to PMSM measured currents. The novel proposed rotor position error extraction scheme was implemented on a dsPIC30F6010A and was experimentally validated on a 1kW washing salient pole PMSM. Conclusion: This study presents an improved high frequency voltage injection based sensor less control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) designed for washing machines. The optimal parameters choice of the HFSI technique and the use of a high pass filter amplifier have allowed to take the most of the high frequency injected signal for extracting the rotor position error at standstill, compared to a conventional scheme.

PMSMセンサレス駆動のための力率位相形ベクトル制御法

This paper proposes a new simple vector control method for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method takes an approach to estimate directly phase of the quasi-optimal stator current through control of the power factor phase instead of estimation of rotor phase. It is established based on new analysis of motor characteristics and has the following attractive features: 1) it can be applied to both of salient and non-salient pole PMSMs; 2) stator current control quasi-minimizing copper and/or iron loss is directly performed; 3) it is insensitive to motor parameter variation, and does not requires motor parameters with precision; 4) it is simple. Simple and practical rules for selecting design parameters of the method are clearly given based on the analysis. Effectiveness of the analysis and usefulness of the proposed method are verified through experiments.

Digital Signal Processor Based Sensorless Speed Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Using Extended Kalman Filter

In this paper a new approach to a sensorless speed control and an initial rotor position estimation for a salient pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive is presented. At a rotating condition, speed and rotor position estimation of PMSM drive are obtained through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm by only measuring the phase voltages and motor currents. The main difficulty in developing an EKF for a salient pole PMSM is caused by the complexity of the dynamic model expressed in the stationary coordinate system. This model is more complicated than that of the surface PMSM, resulting from the asymmetry of the magnetic circuit. The starling procedure is a problem under sensorless drives, because no information is available before starting. The initial rotor position is estimated by the current response of the voltage pulse, which is intermittently applied to the motor at standstill. To illustrate our work, we present experimental results for a salient pole PMSM obtained on a floating-point Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320C31/40 MHz based control system.

Torque feed-back control for salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor at weakening flux control range

At high speed range in voltage source inverter (VSI) fed permanent magnet synchronous motor gap flux is weakened to limit terminal voltage for saving the capacity of VSI. In weakening flux operation of salient pole PMSM, d-axis current and qaxis current can't be decided deductively due to reluctance torque. To cope with this problem we propose feedback control of motor torque, which is calculated from current, voltage and motor speed. By this control method torque and terminal voltage can be determined without measuring them directly. In this paper, the proposed control system is discribed, the transient characteristic is studied and the test results. Lastly we show make it clear that our method is basically effective for railway vehicle traction.

Characteristics of a permanent magnet type bearingless motor

Super high-speed and high-power electric machines are required for turbomolecular pumps and spindle drives. High rotational speed and high power drives can be achieved with bearingless motors. In this paper, a bearingless motor with the principles of permanent magnet type synchronous motors is proposed. High power factor and high efficiency can be expected in permanent magnet type bearingless motors. The proposed bearingless motor is a 4 pole permanent magnet synchronous motor, in which additional 2-pole windings are wound together with 4-pole motor windings in stator slots. With currents of 2-pole windings, radial magnetic forces are produced to support a rotor shaft. Principles of radial force production of surface-mounted permanent magnet bearingless motors are analyzed mathematically. It was found that radial forces are efficiently produced by employing thin permanent magnets on the surface of rotor iron core. A test machine was built in order to measure inductance functions as well as relationships between voltages and currents.

Servo drive system and control characteristics of salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor

Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors fed by PWM inverters are considered. PM motors sometimes have a saliency, in which the q-axis inductance is larger than the d-axis inductance. A high-performance servomotor drive system for a salient-pole PM motor is described. An armature current vector is actively controlled according to load conditions in order to use a reluctance torque effectively, and, as a result, a large torque can be produced. The control algorithm for the armature current vector is described, taking the demagnetization of the PM and the magnetic saturation into account. Characteristics such as torque, power factor, efficiency, power capability, transient responses, etc. are examined in detail by computer simulations and experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Power capability of salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motors in variable speed drive applications

A constant-parameter equivalent circuit model that neglects motor losses is used to determine the effects of direct and quadrature reactances and open-circuit voltage on the power capability of salient-pole permanent-magnet motors in variable-speed drive applications. It is shown that peak power capability over a range of speeds can be obtained by proper control of the magnitude and phase of the armature current. Due to the voltage constraint imposed at the motor terminals, the power capability will fall to zero for most motor designs at a given high speed. A simple relationship between the motor open-circuit voltage and the direct axis reactance is derived to obtain motor designs that, even with this voltage constraint in place, extend their theoretical power capability, neglecting losses, to infinite speed. All results are presented in normalized curves using a per-unit system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>