Pole Locations Research Articles

Location of polyadenylation sites within 3' untranslated regions is linked to biological function in yeast.

Expression of a typical yeast gene results in ∼50 3' mRNA isoforms that are distinguished by the locations of poly(A) sites within the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). The location of poly(A) sites with respect to the translational termination codon varies considerably among genes, but whether this has any functional significance is poorly understood. Using hierarchical clustering of 3' UTRs, we identify eight classes of S. cerevisiae genes based on their poly(A) site locations. Genes involved in related biological functions (GO categories) are uniquely over-represented in six of these classes. Similar analysis of S. pombe genes reveals three classes of 3' UTRs, all of which show over-representation of functionally related genes. Remarkably, S. cerevisiae and S. pombe homologs share related patterns of poly(A) site locations. These observations suggest that the location of poly(A) sites within 3' UTRs has biological significance.

A wideband high-PSR OCL LDO using a gain-relaxed OTA featuring dynamic complex zeros frequency compensation

This article proposes an Output-Capacitor-Less (OCL) Low-Dropout (LDO) regulator with an assisted positive feedback loop technique, which mimics a negative resistance, along with a single common-gate stage. Conventional techniques utilize multistage high-gain OTA to achieve a high DC loop gain. However, such an OTA suffers from high power consumption and sophisticated frequency compensation mechanisms. Instead, the use of a single-stage relatively low-gain OTA helps to extend the bandwidth. Then, the overall DC loop gain is maximized by the proposal of a novel negative resistance circuit. To further improve the PSR, a bulk-driven ripple canceling path that is insensitive to process corners is proposed making the LDO suitable for high-PSR applications. Stability is another challenge in the design of OCL LDOs due to its associated complex poles. We propose a new frequency compensation technique by introducing two complex zeros to eliminate these complex poles. Hence, the overall stability is improved. Since these complex poles location vary from light to heavy loads, the proposed zeros dynamically change accordingly. Besides, this suggested mechanism has been analyzed using the generalized time-and-transfer constants (TTCs) circuit analysis technique. Under heavy load conditions, the suggested LDO has attained phase and gain margins of 62.8° and 29 dB, respectively. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations along with process and temperature variations have been investigated to prove the reliability of such a frequency compensation technique. The proposed LDO has been implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology node with a short pass transistor length of 100nm. The simulation results reveals that the LDO draws 299.4μA of quiescent current under light load conditions and 296.8μA under heavy load conditions (including the bandgap voltage reference). The suggested LDO functions at 1.2V supply voltage, delivers 0.93V output voltage and can handle a load current up to 10mA with load regulation of 17μV/mA, line regulation of 2.22mV/V, and PSR of −48.7dB at low frequencies. The PSR at 1MHz is at least −32.5dB which is superior to the reported recent LDOs.

Robust State Feedback Control with D-Admissible Assurance for Uncertain Discrete Singular Systems

This study addresses the state feedback control associated with D-admissible assurance for discrete singular systems subjected to parameter uncertainties in both the difference term and system matrices. Firstly, a refined analysis criterion of D-admissible assurance is presented, where the distinct form embraces multiple slack matrices and has lessened linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) constraints, which may be beneficial for reducing the conservatism of admissibility analysis. In consequence, by hiring the state feedback control, controller design issues with pole locations, which directly dominate the system performance, are mainly treated. For all the presented criteria can be formulated by the strict LMIs, they are thus suitably solved via current LMI solvers to conduct a state feedback controller with specific poles’ locations of system’s performance requirements. Finally, two numerical examples illustrate that the presented results are efficient and practicable.

Evolution of the theory and practice of spatial development

Subject. This article analyzes the impact of the country's spatial development on economic indicators. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the theoretical concepts and cases of practical implementation of the policy of area's spatial development. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the theories of the location of productive forces, central places, growth poles and axes, the article finds that the current Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 is declarative in nature. Conclusions. The article concludes that the integration of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 with the State program Balanced Regional Development will contribute to the spatial development of the regions of Russia.

Variable Structure Controller for Energy Savings in an Underwater Sensor Platform.

This paper introduces a new variable structure controller designed for depth control of an autonomous underwater sensor platform equipped with a variable buoyancy module. To that end, the prototype linear model is presented, and a finite element-based method is used to estimate one of its parameters, the hull deformation due to pressure. To manage potential internal disturbances like hull deformation or external disturbances like weight changes, a disturbance observer is developed. An analysis of the observer steady-state estimation error in relation to input disturbances and system parameter uncertainties is developed. The locations of the observer poles according to its parameters are also identified. The variable structure controller is developed, keeping energy savings in mind. The proposed controller engages when system dynamics are unfavorable, causing the vehicle to deviate from the desired reference, and disengages when dynamics are favorable, guiding the vehicle toward the target reference. A detailed analysis determines the necessary switching control actions to ensure the system reaches the desired reference. Finally, simulations are run to compare the proposed controller's performance with that of PID-based controllers recently developed in the literature, assessing dynamic response and energy consumption under various operating conditions. Both the VBM- and propeller-actuated vehicles were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves an average energy consumption reduction of 22% compared to the next most efficient PID-based controller for the VBM-actuated vehicle, though with some impact on control performance.

A Simple modification to the Smith Predictor Structure for dealing with high-order delayed processes considering one unstable pole

The traditional Smith Predictor (SP) is restricted to dealing with stable plants. In this paper, a slight modification of the SP is proposed in order to control unstable plants: systems of any order but with one unstable pole are tackled. In fact, many modifications to the SP can be found in the literature dealing with this kind of system, but none, to our best knowledge, have the simplicity of the structure here proposed. Only one or two gains are added to the traditional SP structure to achieve the stabilization of this kind of unstable system. A simple relation states the necessary and sufficient condition guaranteeing the existence of stabilizing gains, in terms of the location of the unstable pole and the size of the delay term. The range of values for the gains solving the problem is characterized. In addition, the tracking of setpoints and disturbance rejections are analysed. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, as well as one real-time example.

Two Characteristic Patterns of the Summer Indian Ocean Dipole

Abstract This study identifies two distinct patterns of the summer Indian Ocean dipole (IOD)—the coastal IOD and the offshore IOD—named based on the proximity of their eastern pole to Sumatra. Their spatial characteristics, evolutionary mechanisms, relationships with ENSO, impacts on precipitation, and the factors controlling the simulation performances of climate models are discussed. The coastal IOD has the same eastern pole as the conventional IOD, which is located off the coast of Sumatra, but its western pole is situated in the central region of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). In contrast, the offshore IOD shares the same western pole as the conventional IOD, which is located off the coast of Somalia, whereas its eastern pole is positioned in the central TIO. Regarding their evolutions, while they initially develop similarly, their later evolutions differ due to their distinct pole locations: The offshore IOD peaks in summer, while the coastal IOD can be sustained into autumn. The coastal IOD correlates to preceding and late ENSO states, but the offshore IOD does not, making it an independent internal mode of TIO. The two IODs affect climate differently, with only the coastal IOD affecting Australian rainfall. Climate models exhibit varied levels of performance in simulating the two IODs. Specifically, a stronger link between spring TIO rainfall and ENSO, as well as stronger southeasterly monsoon winds in the southern TIO, can enhance the coastal IOD modeling, while a stronger summer Somali jet benefits the simulation of the offshore IOD. Distinguishing these two IODs has implications for accurate diagnosis and prediction of the summer climate surrounding the TIO. Significance Statement The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) significantly influences the monsoon climate. Previous studies use a unified IOD index based on all-season sea surface temperature (SST) data of tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), resulting in a representation biased toward the autumn peak season. However, understanding SST patterns during summer is crucial for Asian summer monsoon precipitation, and what are the characteristic patterns of summer IOD remains unclear. This study fundamentally advances the understanding of the IOD’s seasonal diversity by identifying two distinct dipole patterns in the summer TIO. These patterns differ from the conventional IOD in terms of spatial characteristics, evolutions, ENSO relationships, and precipitation impacts. Distinguishing between these two IODs is anticipated to improve the diagnosis and prediction of summer monsoon rainfall.

Ultrasonographic features of normal parathyroid glands confirmed during thyroid surgery in adult patients.

This study was performed to examine the ultrasonography (US) features of normal parathyroid glands (PTGs) that were identified on preoperative US and subsequently confirmed during thyroid surgery. This retrospective study included a consecutive sample of 161 patients (mean±standard deviation age, 56±14 years; 128 women) with 294 normal PTGs identified on preoperative US PTG mapping and confirmed during thyroidectomy. A presumed normal PTG on US was defined as a small, round to oval, hyperechoic structure in the central neck. These presumed normal PTGs, as identified on preoperative US, were mapped onto thyroid computed tomography images and diagrams of the thyroid gland and neck. During the preoperative real-time US examinations, the location, size, shape, echogenicity, echotexture, and intraglandular vascular flow of the identified presumed PTGs were assessed. These characteristics were compared between superior and inferior PTGs using the generalized estimating equation method. The typical US features of homogeneous hyperechogenicity without intraglandular vascular flow were observed in 267 (90.8%) normal PTGs, while atypical features, including isoechogenicity (1.0%), heterogeneous echotexture with focal hypoechogenicity (5.8%), and intraglandular vascular flow (3.7%), were noted in 27 (9.2%). Inferior PTGs were more frequently identified in posterolateral (36.1% vs. 5.3%) and thyroid pole locations (29.9% vs. 5.3%), and less frequently in posteromedial locations (29.2% vs. 88.0%), compared to superior PTGs (P<0.001 for each comparison). Most normal PTGs displayed the typical US features of homogeneous hyperechogenicity without intraglandular vascular flow. However, in rare cases, normal PTGs exhibited atypical features, including isoechogenicity, heterogeneous echotexture with focal hypoechogenicity, and intraglandular vascular flow.

Improving load frequency controller tuning with rat swarm optimization and porpoising feature detection for enhanced power system stability

Load frequency control (LFC) plays a critical role in ensuring the reliable and stable operation of power plants and maintaining a quality power supply to consumers. In control engineering, an oscillatory behavior exhibited by a system in response to control actions is referred to as “Porpoising”. This article focused on investigating the causes of the porpoising phenomenon in the context of LFC. This paper introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the performance of load frequency controllers in power systems by employing rat swarm optimization (RSO) for tuning and detecting the porpoising feature to ensure stability. The study focuses on a single-area thermal power generating station (TPGS) subjected to a 1% load demand change, employing MATLAB simulations for analysis. The proposed RSO-based PID controller is compared against traditional methods such as the firefly algorithm (FFA) and Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) technique. Results indicate that the RSO-based PID controller exhibits superior performance, achieving zero frequency error, reduced negative peak overshoot, and faster settling time compared to other methods. Furthermore, the paper investigates the porpoising phenomenon in PID controllers, analyzing the location of poles in the s-plane, damping ratio, and control actions. The RSO-based PID controller demonstrates enhanced stability and resistance to porpoising, making it a promising solution for power system control. Future research will focus on real-time implementation and broader applications across different control systems.

Wire Databases Generation Using Deep Learning Methods for Rotorcraft Wire Strike Prevention

Helicopter wire strikes have been one of the most common sources of accidents in the past seven years. Poles and wires can be difficult to see for rotorcraft pilots because of their size, their location, and their blending into the background. This motivates the need to provide pilots with more tools and information about wire and pole locations. However, there is currently no comprehensive dataset summarizing the locations of poles and wires. As such, this work aims to leverage various types of data sources to generate a database of wires of interest. The proposed approach consists in first detecting pole and wire locations and then predicting a wire network. The first step combines a semantic segmentation approach applied to satellite imagery and a convolutional neural network classifier applied to street-view imagery to predict wire and pole locations. The second step applies the many-to-many Dijkstra algorithm to connect the predicted locations and generate a predicted wire map. This two-step approach is applied to a portion of Westchester County in New York, where publicly available imagery exists. Results indicate that this approach can successfully predict a wire map with high accuracy for wires alongside roads.

Snow Depth Extraction From Time‐Lapse Imagery Using a Keypoint Deep Learning Model

AbstractSnow pole time‐lapse photography, in which a snow pole of a known height is installed in front of a camera and photographed repeatedly over the course of a snow season, allows a large network of sites to be established relatively quickly and affordably. However, current approaches for extracting snow depth from snow poles typically relies on time intensive manual photo processing. By integrating computer vision algorithms with snow pole photography, we present a method that uses a keypoint detection model to automatically observe snow height across a network of sites. At 20 snow pole locations from Grand Mesa, CO (n = 9,722 images), our model successfully predicts the top and bottom of the pole with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.30 cm. To assess model generalizability, we tested the model on 12 sites in Washington State (n = 1,770 images). When the Colorado trained model was fine‐tuned using a subset of Washington images, the model predicted snow depth with a MAE of 4.0 cm. Best performance was achieved when both data sets were included during training, with a MAE of 2.05 cm for Colorado images and a MAE of 1.14 cm for Washington images. We demonstrate that, especially when trained using a subset of site‐specific data, a keypoint detection model can accelerate snow pole automation. This algorithm brings the hydrology community one step closer to a generalized snow pole detection model, and we call for a future model that integrates across time‐lapse images from additional locations.

Identification of regional growth poles: the case of Vietnam

PurposeThis study aims to identify the location of regional growth poles in Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachA potential gravity model is constructed to estimate how attractive a location is in relation to other locations within a specifically defined region using spatial interpolation tools.FindingsWe present the calculated and visualized potential gravitational energy (or attractiveness) for every province showcasing regional growth poles in Vietnam.Research limitations/implicationsGraphical evidence need to be supported by statistical analysis to establish causal effects of driving factors on growth measures.Originality/valueThis is the first study to use a potential gravity model to study growth poles in Vietnam.

From pole parameters to line shapes and branching ratios

Resonances are uniquely characterized by their complex pole locations and the corresponding residues. In practice, however, resonances are typically identified experimentally as structures in invariant mass distributions, with branching fractions of resonances determined as ratios of count rates. To make contact between these quantities it is necessary to connect line shapes and resonance parameters. In this work we propose such a connection and illustrate the formalism with detailed studies of the ρ(770)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\rho (770)$$\\end{document} and f0(500)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f_0(500)$$\\end{document} resonances. Based on the line shapes inferred from the resonance parameters along these lines, expressions for partial widths and branching ratios are derived and compared to other approaches in the literature.

Unified Control of Flight Dynamics and Actuators Using Local Accelerations

Control surface actuators usually come with their own servo control algorithm, which ensures that the deflection commanded by the flight control laws is quickly achieved. Therefore, flight control and servo control together form a cascaded control structure. Traditionally, the flight control laws (outer loop) and servo control laws (inner loop) are designed independently. However, recent applications demand an increasingly dynamic design of flight control, with actuator dynamics becoming a limiting factor. In this paper, a unified control design for actuators and flight dynamics is investigated. The local acceleration at the lifting surface (empennages and wing), close to the actuator, is fed back within an inner actuator control loop, allowing for faster compensation. The theoretical properties of the suggested control structure are discussed analytically first. Later, the concept is applied to a linear model for longitudinal aircraft motion. A classical state controller serves as a reference for comparison of the proposed strategy against the standard one with the actuator internal control law. Both controllers are designed using eigenstructure assignment, and the pole locations are numerically optimized. The closed-loop behavior is assessed in the time and frequency domains. The results promise significant improvements in terms of disturbance rejection and robustness.

How many vector charmoniumlike states lie in the mass range 4.2–4.35 GeV?

In recent years many vector charmonium(like) states were reported by different electron-positron collider experiments above 4.2 GeV. However, so far, there not only exists sizable tension in the parameters of those states, but there is also no consensus on the number of the vector states in this energy range. To some extend, this might be caused by the fact that the experimental data were typically analyzed in single channel analyses employing overlapping Breit-Wigner functions, in particular ignoring the effect of opening thresholds. In this study, we focus on the mass range between 4.2 GeV and 4.35 GeV, conducting a comprehensive analysis of eight different final states in e+e− annihilation. Our findings demonstrate that, within this mass range, a single vector charmoniumlike state, exhibiting properties consistent with a D1D¯ molecular structure and characterized by a pole location spoleY(4230)=(4227±4−i2(50−2+8)) MeV, can effectively describe all the collected data. This is made possible by allowing for an interference with the well-established vector charmonium ψ(4160) along with the inclusion of the D1D¯ threshold effect. Moreover, in contrast to experimental analyses, our study reveals that the highly asymmetric total cross sections for e+e−→J/ψππ and e+e−→J/ψKK¯ around 4230 MeV stem from the same physics, rooted in the approximate SU(3) flavor symmetry of QCD. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Study on the Placement Location of the Infinite Pole of an ERT Pole-Dipole Array

Study on the Placement Location of the Infinite Pole of an ERT Pole-Dipole Array

Comparison of supine-prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy methods in the treatment of kidney stones in pediatric patients: prospective randomized study.

Mini-PCNL is one of the most effective surgical methods in the treatment of kidney stones in pediatric patients. In this study, we aimed to compare PCNL in the supine-prone position in pediatric patients (especially operation time, postop complications, hospital stay and stone-free rates).We conducted our study in a randomized and prospective manner. Patients with lower pole stones larger than 1cm, stones larger than 1.5cm in the pelvis, upper pole, midpole or multiple locations, and patients who did not respond to ESWL or whose family that preferred mini-PCNL to be the primary treatment were included in the study. Patients with any previous kidney stone surgery, patients with coagulation disorders and patients with retrorenal colon were excluded from the study. Between 2021 and 2023, a total of 144 patients underwent PCNL. 68 of these patients had supine PCNL and 76 prone PCNL. Postoperative Clavien grade1 complication occurred in a total of 7 patients in the prone position; Clavien grade1 complication occurred in 1 patient in the supine position. The mean operation time for prone PCNL was 119.88 ± 28.32min, and the mean operative time for supine PCNL was 98.12 ± 14.97 the mean hospitalization time in prone PCNL was 3.56 ± 1.12days, and 3.00 ± 0.85days in supine PCNL. In conclusion, supine PCNL is a safe and effective method in the treatment of pediatric kidney stones and postoperative complications were observed to be less; the operation time and hospital stay were shorter in supine PCNL.

Coupled-Channel Analysis of the χ_{c1}(3872) Line Shape with BESIII Data.

We perform a study of the χ_{c1}(3872) line shape using the data samples of e^{+}e^{-}→γχ_{c1}(3872), χ_{c1}(3872)→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0}, and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ collected with the BESIII detector. The effects of the coupled channels and the off-shell D^{*0} are included in the parametrization of the line shape. The line shape mass parameter is obtained to be M_{X}=(3871.63±0.13_{-0.05}^{+0.06}) MeV. Two poles are found on the first and second Riemann sheets corresponding to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} branch cut. The pole location on the first sheet is much closer to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} threshold than the other, and is determined to be 7.04±0.15_{-0.08}^{+0.07} MeV above the D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0} threshold with an imaginary part -0.19±0.08_{-0.19}^{+0.14} MeV.

3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol Exposure Deteriorates Oocyte Maturation by Inducing Spindle Instability and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC), a well-known constituent of diesel exhaust particles and degradation products of insecticide fenitrothion, is a widely distributed environmental contaminant. PNMC is toxic to the female reproductive system; however, how it affects meiosis progression in oocytes is unknown. In this study, in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes was applied to investigate the deleterious effects of PNMC. We found that exposure to PNMC significantly compromised oocyte maturation. PNMC disturbed the spindle stability; specifically, it decreased the spindle density and increased the spindle length. The weakened spindle pole location of microtubule-severing enzyme Fignl1 may result in a defective spindle apparatus in PNMC-exposed oocytes. PNMC exposure induced significant mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondria distribution, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS accumulation. The mRNA levels of the mitochondria-related genes were also significantly impaired. Finally, the above-mentioned alterations triggered early apoptosis in the oocytes. In conclusion, PNMC exposure affected oocyte maturation and quality through the regulation of spindle stability and mitochondrial function.

Differential Entropy-Based Fault-Detection Mechanism for Power-Constrained Networked Control Systems.

In this work, we consider the design of power-constrained networked control systems (NCSs) and a differential entropy-based fault-detection mechanism. For the NCS design of the control loop, we consider faults in the plant gain and unstable plant pole locations, either due to natural causes or malicious intent. Since the power-constrained approach utilized in the NCS design is a stationary approach, we then discuss the finite-time approximation of the power constraints for the relevant control loop signals. The network under study is formed by two additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels located on the direct and feedback paths of the closed control loop. The finite-time approximation of the controller output signal allows us to estimate its differential entropy, which is used in our proposed fault-detection mechanism. After fault detection, we propose a fault-identification mechanism that is capable of correctly discriminating faults. Finally, we discuss the extension of the contributions developed here to future research directions, such as fault recovery and control resilience.