Polarization Direction Of Laser Beam Research Articles

Influence of Xe and Kr impurities on x-ray yield from debris-free plasma x-ray sources with an Ar supersonic gas jet irradiated by femtosecond near-infrared-wavelength laser pulses.

Many aspects of physical phenomena occurring when an intense laser pulse with subpicosecond duration and an intensity of 10^{18}-10^{19}W/cm^{2} heats an underdense plasma in a supersonic clustered gas jet are studied to determine the relative contribution of thermal and nonthermal processes to soft- and hard-x-ray emission from debris-free plasmas. Experiments were performed at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Leopard laser operated with a 15-J, 350-fs pulse and different pulse contrasts (10^{7} or 10^{5}). The supersonic linear (elongated) nozzle generated Xe cluster-monomer gas jets as well as jets with Kr-Ar or Xe-Kr-Ar mixtures with densities of 10^{18}-10^{19}cm^{-3}. Prior to laser heating experiments, all jets were probed with optical interferometry and Rayleigh scattering to measure jet density and cluster distribution parameters. The supersonic linear jet provides the capability to study the anisotropy of x-ray yield from laser plasma and also laser beam self-focusing in plasma, which leads to efficient x-ray generation. Plasma diagnostics included x-ray diodes, pinhole cameras, and spectrometers. Jet signatures of x-ray emission from pure Xe gas, as well as from a mixture with Ar and Kr, was found to be very different. The most intense x-ray emission in the 1-9 KeV spectral region was observed from gas mixtures rather than pure Xe. Also, this x-ray emission was strongly anisotropic with respect to the direction of laser beam polarization. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (Non-LTE) models have been implemented to analyze the x-ray spectra to determine the plasma temperature and election density. Evidence of electron beam generation in the supersonic jet plasma was found. The influence of the subpicosecond laser pulse contrast (a ratio between the laser peak intensity and pedestal pulse intensity) on the jets' x-ray emission characteristics is discussed. Surprisingly, it was found that the x-ray yield was not sensitive to the prepulse contrast ratio.

Controlled Fabrication of Micro/Nano-Structures on Germanium Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses under Ambient Conditions

A technique for ordered fabrication of periodic freestanding micro/nanostructures on the crystalline germanium (Ge) <100> surfaces with 1064 nm wavelength ultrashort laser pulses under ambient conditions is presented. The laser radiation fluence used for obtaining the structures is close to the melting threshold (0.1 J/cm2) of Ge. The dimensions of structures range from hundreds of nanometres to a few microns. The orientation of the periodic surface structures depends on laser beam polarization direction. Arrays of structures are formed in rows parallel to the sample movement direction for samples machined with s-polarized laser pulses, but formed in the direction perpendicular to the movement for p-polarized pulses. The structures are fabricated under variable temperatures on sample surface owing to the changed interference between incident and reflected laser beams. A micro-Raman analysis of the processed surfaces shows a minor change in the spectral intensity as compared to the unprocessed surface and the material retains its crystallinity after laser irradiation.

High-order harmonic generation of hydrogen molecule irradiated by ultra-strong femto-second laser pulse——a simulation via TDDFT

The high order harmonic generation (HHG) of hydrogen molecule irradiated by ultra-strong femto-second laser pulse is simulated by the TTDFT method with the classical and quantum combination technique. The results indicate that the HHG spectra of H2 have a “decrease-plateau-cutoff” structure. A kind of “odd allowed, even forbidden” selective phenomenon of the order number of HHG is observed. Change in polarization direction of laser beam may change the cut-off order and spectrum intensity of HHG simultaneously.

Multibeam scanning optics with single laser source for full-color printers

In the novel optical system described here, four-color toners can be developed in one rotation of the photoconductor, and the color control information is given when the intensities of the laser power levels are changed and the two polarization directions are switched. A polarizing beam splitter between the common scanning optics and the photoconductor enables the laser beam to pass through a common scanning system and to illuminate two positions on the photoconductive material. The laser beam polarization direction is controlled by an electro-optical device immediately behind the laser. In each illuminated position, two-color toners are developed by a three-level (trilevel) photographic process. This simplified optical system eliminates the registration errors that occur with four-color information items and can be useful in high-speed printing systems.