Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden Research Articles

The influence of climatic factors on the vegetative development of introduced Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel at the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute

The article describes the vegetative development of introduced Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel that grow in the experimental area of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute (the surroundings of the town Apatity). It gives the generalized over several years dates of the beginning of the main vegetative phenophases, the duration of the lateral shoot linear growth and needles, the sum of active and effective temperatures above 5 and 10 °C. To identify interrelations between phenodates and climatic factors, a correlation analysis was carried out (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used). The sum of effective temperatures above 10 °C and the sum of precipitation varies greatly from year to year. Medium, strong and very strong correlations were found between: the dates of the beginning of various phenophases and the dates of a stable transition through 0, 5, 10 °C; sums of active and effective temperatures; average temperature and air humidity for 5, 10 and 30 days before the beginning of the phenophase; the date of isolation of а wintering apical bud in the last growing season and the environmental conditions preceding its isolation. The length of shoots and needles was measured for 2016-2021. Significant correlations between the length of shoots and needles and phenodates and selected climatic factors were not found.

NEW FIND OF <i>APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA</i> ROND. (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE MURMANSK REGION

Natural population of Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rond. is a new species for the fauna of the Arctic zone of Russia. It was found in 2017 on the territory of the Murmansk region in the arboretum of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden on plants of the genus Rosa L. The invasion was facilitated by the accidental introduction of an entomophage with planting material for replenishment of collections. A self-reproducing population was formed outside the natural range.

Damage dynamics of introduced trees from the genus Prunus L. by Eriophyes padi Nal. in the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute

Despite the harsh climatic conditions of growth, introduced bird cherry samples in the collection of the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute (Kirovsk and Apatity, Murmansk region) are quite life-saving highly ornamental flowering and fruiting plants, however, Eriophyes padi Nal. (Phytoptus padi Nal.) has a effect on the preservation of bird cherry plants in the PABSI collection is a bird cherry gall mite that causes the formation of galls on the leaves of the plant, as a result of which the crown loses its decorative effect. However, the plants bloom and bear fruit. The article presents the results of observations of Eriophyes padi Nal., the dynamics of crown damage and leaf blade damage for introduced species of Prunus padus L., P. padus L. ssp. borealis (Schubeler) Cajander, and P padus L. f. colorata Almquist. The greatest proportion of damage is observed in P. padus f. colorata. Regular observations made it possible to note that not for all types of bird cherry plants, gallo formation occurs during leaf growth, as previously assumed. Trial chemical treatments (20192020) by irrigation under the root of affected plants against E. padi - with broad-spectrum drugs “Danadin” and “Aliot” (in a concentration of 0.2 % working solution) and biochemical insecticide “Kleschevit” (1.0 %) reliably indicate the high effectiveness of pesticides: “Aliot” (98 %) against E. padi.

Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel in the Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute

The article presents the history of introduction and the condition of the introduced to the Kola Peninsula accessions of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. Siberian dwarf pine has been introduced to the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute several times since 1947. As at 2021, the collection contains 3 accessions of different origin and age: 2 accessions in the main territory in the town of Kirovsk in the Khibiny Mountains and 3 accessions on the experimental site in the town of Apatity in the flat foothills. All the plants were divided into 5 groups depending on their location and age. We assessed their vital condition, winter hardiness, abundance of pollen dispersion and seed production, the degree of Pineus cembrae infestation, measured their height, trunk diameter and needle length. Nonparametric Mann - Whitney, Kruskal -Wallis, Dunn’s tests in the Past 4 program were used to compare quantitative indicators. All the specimens are well-adapted to the conditions of the Kola Peninsula, have slight damage, are winter-hardy, and the degree of Pineus cembrae infestation is very low. The Siberian dwarf pine shrubs on the experimental site in Apatity produce pollen and seeds more abundantly and regularly, have a greater height, diameter and needle length compared to specimens in the main territory in Kirovsk.

Адаптация новых видов клещей в оранжерее Полярно-альпийского ботанического сада

Адаптация новых видов клещей в оранжерее Полярно-альпийского ботанического сада

Влияние эпизодических посещений ботанического сада на развитие личностных установок по отношению к природе у младших школьников русской Арктики

The relevance of exploring the ways to impact the Russian Arctic schoolchildren’s attitudes towards nature is explained by the contradictions between the obvious social significance of this issue (and at the same time its wide application possibilities) and the lack of Russian researchers interested in it. Our hypothesis was that occasional visits to botanical gardens can have a significant impact on the development of personal attitudes towards nature in primary schoolchildren of the Russian Arctic. The aim of this study was to identify the specifics of environmental attitudes in a group of primary school students of the Russian Arctic region and to evaluate the impact of occasional visits to the botanical garden on these attitudes. The study involved 60 students of 2-4 grades of secondary schools of the Murmansk region and was conducted using the technique by S.D. Deryabo and V.A. Yasvin "AESOP" (Emotions, Knowledge, Protection, Benefit) on the basis of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden of the the N.A. Avrorin Institute of the Kola Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. The outcomes of the study show that primary school children living in the Russian Arctic, just like their peers from other regions, generally perceive nature as an aesthetic object. However, their perception of nature tends to have a decreased cognitive component (‘Knowledge’). We conclude that occasional visits to botanical gardens that engage children in a specially organized cognitive activity can be considered significant only in terms of the pragmatic component (‘Benefit’) of the environmental attitude.

Обзор современных почвенных исследований в Полярно-альпийском ботаническом саду

In the last two decades, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden carried out soil studies on the Kola Peninsula and Svalbard in several directions: soil genetics and morphology of natural and damaged soils, complex landscape monitoring of the environment, complex biogeochemical environmental studies, soil ecology, and fertility of manmade soils in botanical garden.

Агрохимические свойства почв коллекционных питомников Полярно- альпийского ботанического сада

The current state of soil fertility was estimated at 2 sites of experimental fields of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden. Soils in both areas are characterized by a light granulometric composition. The sites vary in the content of organic matter in the soils, as well as the acidity and proportion of the sites where the liming is needed. The availability of phosphorus at all sites in both areas is characterized as high, potassium — from medium to high, mineral forms of nitrogen — as very low.

Сохранение и изучение интродуцированных травянистых многолетников в Полярно- альпийском ботаническом саду

The collection fund of perennial plants of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden includes 2535 specimens of 1409 species from 1204 genera of 270 families. 59 species are included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and need the protection. Methods for the selection of material for the collection and the study of the rhythm of growth and development of plants are presented. The creation of a unique collection of relocated plants is the main result of the introduction of herbaceous plants. This is a repository of the gene pool of rare species, as well as a kind of testing ground for scientific and scientific-educational work.

Природные афидофаги в агроценозах дендрологических коллекций Полярно- альпийского ботанического сада-института

For the first time on the territory of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden in the agrocenoses of dendrological collections, natural aphidophages were discovered, identified and described — Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) — 7 species, Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera) — 3 species, Aphelinidae — 1 species, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) — 1 species. Analysis of trophic relationships allowed us to determine the food specialization of natural entomophage

THE EFFICIENCY OF APHIDIUS ROSAE HALIDAY (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) IN REGULATING THE NUMBERS OF MACROSIPHUM ROSAE (L.) (HEMIPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON PLANTS OF THE GENUS ROSA L.

This is a fist report on the results of studies on the effect of the natural entomophagous parasitoid Aphidius rosae on the population dynamics of Macrosiphum rosae (L.) on plants of the genus Rosa L. in the arboretum and collection nurseries of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden located north of the Arctic Circle – in Kirovsk, in a protected area (67°39′05″N, 33°40′20″E, 387 m above sea level) and in Apatity, in an experimental site (67°56′41″N, 33°40′31″E, 175 meters above sea level). Average M. rosae numbers in the Kirovsk site varied in July and August from 5 to 60 individuals/leaf, and in Apatity in June, July, and August the population density of some colonies exceeded 90 individuals/leaf. In 2017, M. rosae mummies appeared in the Apatity experimental site in late May-early June on plants of Rosa amblyotis and R. rugosa. In the Kirovsk site, M. rosae mummies appeared only in August – September, mainly on R. rugosa and R. majalis. In 2018 and 2020, significant numbers of M. rosae mummies were observed from July to September in both sites. High biological efficiency (up to 90 %) was observed when the parasite : host ratio in the aphid colony was 1:30. However, the efficiency of A. rosae varies greatly among years, so constant monitoring is required for regulation and possible introduction to core infection areas. Our results evidence that the presence of natural entomophagous parasitoids A. rosae in M. rosae colonies on plants of the genus Rosa restrains the growth of the pest’s numbers to an environmentally safe level in the second half of the growing season and prevents mass outbreaks of the infection.

Anatomical and physiological characteristics of Rhodiola rosea L. in culture of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden (Murmansk region)

Anatomical and physiological characteristics of Rhodiola rosea L. in culture of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden (Murmansk region)

To the creation of the exhibition of Altai flora in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden

The preconditions for creating an exposition on the botanical and geographical site "Altai" of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden of the KSC RAS, represented by cenotic elements characteristic of the forests of the Altai mountains: dark-coniferous, light-coniferous and black taiga. Such expositions in botanical gardens are one of the forms of preserving the biodiversity of introduced plants ex situ. The condition, structure, species composition of the created plantings for this period - the completion of the first stage of work ("Creating a tree tier") is described. Preliminary results of plant introduction the main tree species ( Abies sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill ., Populus tremula L.) forests of the Altai mountains. The condition of coniferous plants is characterized as normal: they show climate and soil resilience, have a natural rhythm of development here, go through all stages and phases of ontomorphogenesis. A comparative analysis of the rhythms of seasonal development of plants of herbaceous species characteristic of the most contrasting ecotypes of the Altai mountains (foothill and high-mountain) showed that the conditions of the Northern taiga of the Khibiny mountains of the Kola Peninsula are more consistent with plants of high-altitude habitats (high-mountain ecotype). Features of growth and development of plants of Altai species ex situ indicate successful adaptation of most of these species to the conditions of the Kola Arctic.

«В те блокадные годы»: воспоминания Т.А. Козупеевой.

The author of the memoirs «In thatblockade years» candidate of agricultural Sciences, Director of the Polar-Alpine Botanical garden of the Institute in 1962–1986 Tatyana Alekseevna Kozupeeva. She worked in the Kola branch of the USSR Academy of Sciencesfrom 1953 to 1986. In her memoirs, she tells about the Leningrad blockade, which she endured from the beginning to the end and was among those who endured all the horrors of hunger, bombing and shelling. Through the eyes of a young girl, a tragic period of her life is viewed with its difficulties, losses and belief in victory. She describes the workdays of the blockaders and their daily life, paying attention to what especially shocked and hurt her, remembered for its unusual and dramatic character. Her story is an answer to the question «How could we survive?»

Rare plants of the mountains of southern Siberia in the collection Polar Alpine Botanical Garden

In the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden (67o38′N and 33o37′E) plants of the mountains of Southern Siberiahave been tested since 1934 (Altai) and 1936 (Sayan Mountains). Plants obtained from field trips to that areas. Theanalysis of the existing diversity of rare and endangered plants from the mountains of Southern Siberia in the open groundcollection of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden is carried out. Currently, the collection of rare plants of the mountains ofSouthern Siberia totals 18 species belonging to 14 genera of 12 families. Four species are included in the Red Book of theRussian Federation: Allium altaicum, Erythronium sibiricum, Fritillaria dagana, Rheum compactum. Three plants in needof protection are included in the Red List of Threatened Taxa of the International Union for Conservation of Nature: –Species in close to threatened status (conservation status NT): Allium altaicum; – Least Concerned Species (conservationstatus LC): Allium ledebourianum, Paeonia anomala. All studied species in the conditions of the Arctic annually bloomand are able to produce viable seeds. The group of plants reaching the fruiting phase is very heterogeneous:– bear fruitannually: Allium altaicum, Sedum roseum, Erythronium sibiricum, Callianthemum sajanense; – bear fruit almost annually:Allium ledebourianum, Stemmacantha carthamoides, Iris bloudowii, Iris sibirica, Paeonia anomala, Primula elatior ssp.pallasii, Primula veris ssp. macrocalyx; – bear fruit irregularly: Iris humilis, Rheum altaicum, Adonis apennina; – rarelybear fruit: Brunnera sibirica, Gentiana dschungarica, Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus, Fritillaria dagana.

Natural and Anthropogenic Soils of the Polar–Alpine Botanical Garden (Kirovsk)

Natural and Anthropogenic Soils of the Polar–Alpine Botanical Garden (Kirovsk)

ASPIDIOTUS NERII BOUCHE IN GREENHOUSE OF THE POLAR-ALPINE BOTANICAL GARDEN-INSTITUTE

The results of the long-term studies of the biology of Aspidiotus nerii, acclimatized in the collection greenhouse of the Polar-Alpine Botanical garden, are presented. In greenhouse conditions, it develops in three generations. Laboratory methods have been developed for the maintenance of A. nerii mother cultures in separate bio-chambers of an isolated insectarium box equipped for plant cultivation. The seasonal cycle of the pest has been studied, the characteristics of the development stages has been provided, and the storage plants have been selected. In the greenhouse, the reservoir plant species hosting A. nerii colonies have been identified to provide monitoring of pest abundance and appropriate choice of plant protection measures.

Introduction studies of Caucasian species of the genus Primula L. in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute

The results of introduction studies of 15 Caucasian species of the genus Primula L. (Primula abchasica, P. acaulis, P. algida, P. amoena, P. cordifolia, P. darialica, P. farinosa, P. juliae, P. komarovii, P. macrocalyx, P. pallasii, P. ruprechtii., P. saguramica, P. sibthorpii, P. woronowii) conducted in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute are presented. Currently, the institute’s collection contains 8 species (P. acaulis, P. amoena, P. juliae, P. macrocalyx, P. pallasii, P. ruprechtii, P. saguramica, P. woronowii). Ecological and geographical analysis has shown that the species best adapted to the conditions of the Arctic are those that live in the alpine (P. algida, P. amoena, P. cordifolia, P. juliae, P. pallasii, P. ruprechtii, P. sibthorpii – introduction coefficient [IC] =9.4) and subalpine zones of mountains (P. macrocalyx, P. acaulis – IC=8.2). While plants found in the broad-leaved forest zone are less adapted to the new living conditions (P. komarovii, P. saguramica, P. woronowii -IC=6.4). The current research establishes that species of the genus Primula can serve as a source of plant assortments to replenish landscaping in cities in the Murmansk region. For this purpose two new decorative and sustainable species (P. macrocalyx h P. ruprechti) are recommended.

Результаты первичной интродукции и особенности развития видов рода Paeonia L. (сем. Paeoniaceae Rudolphi) в Полярно-альпийском ботаническом саду

В Полярно-альпийском ботаническом саду (67о38’с. ш. и 33o37’ в. д.) испытано 83 образца 17 дикорастущих видов рода Paeonia L. В настоящее время в коллекции содержатся 12 видов (24 образца). В результатепроведенных исследований было установлено, что большинство изученных видов рода Paeonia успевают пройти полный цикл сезонного развития в условиях Заполярья. Ритм сезонного развития видов рода Paeonia зависитот погодных условий и экологических условий произрастания растений в естественных фитоценозах. Изученныевиды рода Paeonia обладают высокой декоративностью в течение всего вегетационного сезона. Все растения зимуют без укрытия, неприхотливы, не требуют специальных приемов культивирования.

Ecological parks educational environment usage at Biology lessons in schools (on the example of N.A. Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute)

The paper is devoted to the search of alternative ways to update school Biology curriculum. Creation of educational environment at the premises of ecological parks is considered to be an innovative and promising prospective approach that meets contemporary demands and follows central developmental trends of society. Based on the results of practicing Biology teachers poll, we give an expediency analysis of engaging ecological parks educational opportunities for school lessons. According to available data as well as based on the structure and the content of biological education prescribed for secondary school, the authors program Kola Land nature has been developed. The content of our program is an addition to the General program line Biology for 6-9 classes created by V.V. Pasetchnik, it matches the themes of a school Biology course: Biology as a science of vital nature, Cellular structure of organisms, Plant kingdom, Diversity of fauna, Ecosystems. Effectiveness evaluation of the authors educational program Kola Land nature was realized in the ecological park of N.A. Avrorin Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute. The obtained data confirm that the program usage as an addition to the basic school Biology course improves the level of its mastering by students.