Poisson's Ratio Values Research Articles

Unlocking Auxetic Behavior in Recyclable Thermosetting Foams Enabled by Dynamic Disulfide Cross‐linking Strategy

AbstractAuxetic foams with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) have attracted considerable attention in material engineering due to their outstanding performance in seismic and energy absorption. Nevertheless, thermoplastic auxetic foams are compromised by weak non‐covalent crosslinking that diminishes the mechanical strength and durability of foams. Conversely, thermosetting foams with chemical crosslinking, although mechanically robust, face challenges in elaborating auxetic structure and in achieving recyclability. Herein, an alternative approach is proposed to tackle this dilemma by incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds into the polymer network for preparing a thermosetting polyurethane foam with covalent adaptable network. By leveraging the unidirectional multi‐effect compression technique, the topological network reorganization of foam is induced, transforming the initial circular open‐cell structure into a re‐entrant cell structure. This structural transformation endows the foam with stable NPR capability, achieving a minimum Poisson's ratio value of −0.4 within 30% compressive strain. Benefiting from its reinforced network structure, the foam also demonstrates high compressive strength (6.47 MPa) and tensile strength (1.67 MPa). Furthermore, it is recyclable and can be recompressed into thermosetting films. This work offers a straightforward approach to making auxetic thermosetting foams with good mechanical and recyclable properties, which is interesting for the development of high‐performance auxetic materials.

Relationship between elastic properties and energy absorption of different types of aramid and UHMWPE composites used in ballistic protection

This study aimed to analyse composite materials' mechanical and elastic properties from various aramid and ultra-high- molecular-weight polyethylene fabrics used in ballistic armour materials. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between the energy absorption data acquired from the low-velocity impact, dynamic compressive, and ballistic impact V50 tests performed in our prior investigations and the tensile test outcomes of these composites. The research revealed a notable correlation between Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus values, and energy absorption capability. The composite material with the lowest Poisson ratio exhibited superior energy absorption performance in all tests. Composites reinforced with unidirectional textiles have attracted attention due to their low Poisson ratio and high elasticity modulus values, resulting in exceptional energy absorption capability.

A cyclical route linking fundamental mechanism and AI algorithm: An example from tuning Poisson's ratio in amorphous networks

“AI for science” is widely recognized as a future trend in the development of scientific research. Currently, although machine learning algorithms have played a crucial role in scientific research with numerous successful cases, relatively few instances exist where AI assists researchers in uncovering the underlying physical mechanisms behind a certain phenomenon and subsequently using that mechanism to improve machine learning algorithms' efficiency. This article uses the investigation into the relationship between extreme Poisson's ratio values and the structure of amorphous networks as a case study to illustrate how machine learning methods can assist in revealing underlying physical mechanisms. Upon recognizing that the Poisson's ratio relies on the low-frequency vibrational modes of the dynamical matrix, we can then employ a convolutional neural network, trained on the dynamical matrix instead of traditional image recognition, to predict the Poisson's ratio of amorphous networks with a much higher efficiency. Through this example, we aim to showcase the role that artificial intelligence can play in revealing fundamental physical mechanisms, which subsequently improves the machine learning algorithms significantly.

The role of MoO3 on the physical, elasto-mechanical and nuclear shielding efficiency of barium-boro-bismuthate glass system: Comparative investigation

Investigations were conducted on the effect of molybdenum addition on the physical, elasto-mechanical and nuclear shielding characteristics of five different glasses, designated S1 through S5, with varying amounts of MoO3. The mechanical parameters of the examined glasses, including their Young (Y), bulk (B), shear (S) and longitudinal (L) moduli, microhardness (H), and poisons ratio, were calculated utilizing the Makishima-Mackenzie technique. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the examined glasses are improved by the addition of MoO3. The Y, B, S, and L moduli rose with increasing MoO3 concentrations from 34.6680 to 35.9989 GPa, 14.13578–14.664 GPa, 21.10714–22.60943 GPa, and 31.70897–33.59673 GPa, respectively. The H values of the glass network also dropped from 0.016431 to 0.016885 GPa. Moreover, as the concentration of MoO3 rose, the Poisson ratio value changed from 0.427021 to 0.429533. The MCNP5 code and WinXCOM program were used to compute various shielding parameters for X/gamma-rays in the energy range between 0.015 and 15 MeV. A good agreement was found between the estimated values using both MCNP5 code and WINXCOM program. The S5 glass sample exhibited the greatest gamma-ray attenuation characteristics among the examined glasses. When compared to other radiation shielding materials including recently studied glasses and polymers as well as other typical gamma ray shielding materials, the current glass composition offers complete (100 %) x-ray protection and effective efficacy for gamma-ray shielding at energies up to 15 MeV. Calculations were made of the studied glasses' macroscopic removal cross sections (∑R), which were then compared to those of commonly used neutron shielding materials. S1 sample performed the best ∑R value while S5 displays a value (0.10516 cm−1) that is comparable to those of graphite, concrete, basalt magnetite, and a few other recently studied glasses and alloys. The heavy ions (proton and alpha particle) attenuation parameters have been evaluated in energy range between 0.01 and 15 MeV. Regarding the studied glasses, the S5 sample was shown to have the best proton and alpha shielding properties. These results imply that the glass samples under study make good nuclear shielding materials for a range of applications.

Dual arrowhead-shaped re-entrant auxetic hybrid metamaterial with adjustable thermal expansion

The lightweight metamaterial with the adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and Poisson's ratio (PR) has aroused great interest in potential engineering applications. However, the bifunctional metamaterials with dual negative properties exhibit relatively narrow ranges of CTE and PR, only considering one direction. In this work, a dual arrowhead-shaped re-entrant auxetic (DARA) hybrid metamaterial with controllable CTE is designed by combining a star-shaped re-entrant structure and a dual arrowhead inclined triangle structure. A theoretical model of the DARA unit cell is established to obtain CTE and PR solutions using the stiffness matrix method, which is verified by the finite element method (FEM). The theoretical model is used to further study the effect of geometric parameters, configuration, and base material on the thermal and mechanical properties. The DARA metamaterial can simultaneously realize the adjustable CTE and PR, especially a wide range of CTE under two directions, from negative to positive values. Furthermore, the 3D-printed DARA samples are fabricated to validate the CTE and PR values of the unit cell, which are in line with the FEM and theoretical values. The bi-metamaterial unit cell exhibits positive, quasi-zero, or negative CTE and PR owing to the synergistic effect of re-entrant and dual arrowhead structure. The deformation mechanism is proposed based on the structure's stretch-bending coupling and stretch-dominated design.

On the mechanical, thermoelectric, and excitonic properties of Tetragraphene monolayer

Two-dimensional carbon allotropes have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary optoelectronic and mechanical properties, which can be exploited for energy conversion and storage applications. In this work, we use density functional theory simulations and semi-empirical methods to investigate the mechanical, thermoelectric, and excitonic properties of Tetrahexcarbon (also known as Tetragraphene). This quasi-2D carbon allotrope exhibits a combination of squared and hexagonal rings in a buckled shape. Our findings reveal that tetragraphene is a semiconductor material with a direct electronic bandgap of 2.66eV. Despite the direct nature of the electronic band structure, this material has an indirect exciton ground state of 2.30eV, which results in an exciton binding energy of 0.36eV. At ambient temperature, we obtain that the lattice thermal conductivity (κL) for tetragraphene is approximately 118 W/mK. Young’s modulus and the shear modulus of tetragraphene are almost isotropic, with maximum values of 286.0N/m and 133.7N/m, respectively, while exhibiting a very low anisotropic Poisson ratio value of 0.09.

Optoelectronic and transport properties of Lead-Free halide based Na2AgTlZ6 (Z = Cl, Br, I) double perovskites for energy harvesting applications

The bandgap engineering and deliberate band edge manipulation of perovskites make them potential candidates for the photovoltaic industry. Here we theoretically investigate the structure, density of states, and photovoltaic and thermoelectric characteristics of Na2AgTlZ6 (Z = Cl, Br, I) using WIEN2k code. The incorporation of Br and I at the Cl site caused the increase in lattice constant which leads to the decrease in bulk modulus and Debye temperature. The computed values of Poisson (<0.26) and Pugh (<1.75) ratio verified their brittle nature. The bandgap analysis reveals direct bandgap nature and bandgap value lie in the visible region for parent composition and infrared and far infrared when Cl is replaced with Br and I. The density of state plots uncovers the shifting of energy states in valence and conduction bands towards the Fermi level with the increasing number of electrons in the halogens. The increase in the value of dielectric constant, refractive index, and shifting of peaks towards lower energy value is witnessed with atomic number of halogen atoms. The viability of these compositions for thermoelectric devices is further confirmed when electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient dependent Figure of merit and power factor are evaluated in the temperature range of 200–800 K. In addition, the anisotropic nature of studied compositions is explored through the computation of the modulus of elasticity including Young’s modulus, Shear modulus in addition to compressibility, and Poisson’s ratio.

Molecular dynamics exploration of the temperature-dependent elastic, mechanical, and anisotropic properties of hcp ruthenium

Molecular dynamics calculations were performed for the hitherto unclarified temperature-dependent elastic, mechanical, and anisotropic properties of the hexagonal closed pack (hcp) ruthenium (Ru) between 0 and 1200 K. All elastic stiffness constants were found to decrease with increasing temperature. Under the examined temperature range, hcp Ru obeys Born stability conditions. Further, both Pugh ratio analyses and calculated Poisson ratio values mutually suggest the brittle character of hcp Ru between 0 and 1200 K. The intricate hardness behavior of hcp Ru was also obtained and discussed throughout the work. For the considered temperature range, hcp Ru exhibits apparent elastic anisotropy that exponentially increases with increasing temperature. Moreover, presently obtained ground state (T = 0 K and P = 0 GPa) theoretical data for hcp Ru agree well with the former experimental and theoretical data. The present findings on the temperature-dependent characteristics of this metal may further inspire future applied works.Graphical abstract

A facile high-efficiency preparation strategy for Al-containing multi-component boride microcrystals with superior comprehensive performance

Multi-component transition group metal borides (MMB2) have become a research hotspot due to their new composition design concepts and superior properties compared with conventional ceramics. Most of the current methods, however, are complicated and time-consuming, the mass production remains a challenge. Herein, we proposed a new high-efficiency strategy for synthesis of MMB2 using molten aluminum as the medium for the first time. The prepared Al-containing multi-component borides (TiZrHfNbTa)B2 microcrystals had a homogeneous composition with a hexagonal AlB2 structure and ultra-high hardness value of ∼35.3 GPa, which was much higher than data reported in the literature and the rule of mixture estimations. Furthermore, combined with the First-principles calculation results, we found that the Poisson's ratio (v) values exhibit a clearly ascending trend from 0.17 at VEC = 3.5 to 0.18 at VEC = 3.4, then to 0.201 at VEC = 3.2 with the increasing of Al content. This indicates that the intrinsic toughness of multi-component boride microcrystals is obviously enhanced by the trace-doped Al elements. Besides, the fabricated Al-containing multi-component boride microcrystals have superior oxidation activation energy and structural stability. The enhanced oxidation resistance is mainly attributed to the formation of a protective Al2O3 oxide layer and the lattice distortion, both of which lead to sluggish diffusion of O2. These findings propose a new unexplored avenue for the fabrication of MMB2 materials with superior comprehensive performance including ultra-hardness and intrinsically improved thermo-mechanical properties.

Poisson’s Ratio of Selected Metallic Materials in the Elastic–Plastic Region

Poisson’s ratio is one of the fundamental characteristics in the material models that are used. In engineering practice, its values are assumed to be constant in the elastic and in the plastic region. In this paper, the conventionally used values of this number for steel materials and aluminum alloys are confronted with experimental results. By using non-contact strain measurements with the DIC (digital image correlation) method, the evolution of the Poisson ratio value in the regions of transition from the elastic to the plastic region as well as in the regions of large plastic deformations was documented. The obtained experimental results are graphically compared using the proposed strain scaling. The gradient of the Poisson ratio changes in the vicinity of the yield stress is significant, indicating the need for a refinement of the material models in this region. Deviations from the conventionally used value of this number were found in the large plastic deformation region. In conclusion, a possible approach for improving the accuracy of simulations in FEM softwares was formulated.

Determination of the Poisson ratio of Dry Ice as a Function of its Density

The Poisson ratio of dry ice in relation to its density was determined in this study. In recent years, many studies have shown that it is meaningful to place some materials under stress paths corresponding to various conditions. However, the deformation evolution of these materials with consideration to their mechanical behaviour and characteristics has rarely been studied. Therefore, knowledge of the Poisson ration allows engineers and scientists predict how materials deform, help to determine material elastic properties, materials compatibility, materials characterization and materials selection and design. The experimental methodology encompassed a comprehensive analysis of dry ice samples with varying densities. A series of controlled compression tests were performed on these samples using specialized equipment. The resulting data were collected and analyzed to obtain the Poisson ratio values corresponding to different density levels of dry ice. The findings of the study revealed a distinct relationship between the Poisson ratio and the density of dry ice, providing valuable insights into the mechanical properties of this material. The methodology and outcomes presented here contribute to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of dry ice under compressive loads, paving the way for potential applications in various fields requiring precise knowledge of its mechanical characteristics. The result obtained showed a consistent relationship between the Poisson ratio of dry ice and its density, such that as the Poisson ratio decreased its corresponding density increased. These findings not only enhance our understanding of dry ice's mechanical behavior but also offer insights into the broader interplay between density and Poisson ratio in materials, with potential implications for diverse industrial and scientific applications.

Exploring the potential of strontium oxide-enriched borate bioactive glass as a bone graft material: Comprehensive analysis of physical characteristics and gamma shielding properties

This study explores the physical, elastic, and radiation shielding properties of SrO–B2O3 -based bioactive glass systems. The interest in BAG has grown significantly in recent years due to their applications in biomedicine, including bone transplants, wound care, and dental treatments. Borate-based glass matrices have emerged as a promising alternative to silicate-based BAG, exhibiting faster conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA) in physiological fluids and promoting cell proliferation for bone healing. The procedure known as melt quenching is used to prepare the glasses. The effects of varying SrO content on the glass properties were evaluated to understand their potential applications in the field of radiation shielding. Experimental results were compared with theoretical models, including the Makishima, Mackenzie, and Rocherulle models, to determine the most appropriate model for analyzing the elastic properties. The Rocherulle model was found to be in better agreement with experimental results. It was observed that the elastic modulus increased with increasing SrO content, suggesting improved mechanical strength due to higher cross-link density in the glass network. Furthermore, the glasses exhibited low Poisson's ratio values, indicating increased resistance to deformation under stress. The Phy-X program was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (GMAC), which is the fundamental parameter for evaluating the interaction of radiation with shielding materials. The GMAC results increase as the amount of SrO is increased from 0 to 6 wt%. In addition, the findings demonstrated that the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the produced glasses rise when the amount of SrO is increased from 0 to 6 wt%. The comprehensive analysis of physical, elastic, and radiation shielding properties provides valuable insights into the optimization of glass systems for specific applications in industries that require mechanical strength and radiation protection.

A novel method for preparing anisotropic negative Poisson's ratio composite foam with excellent structural stability and shape recovery property

Negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) foams are usually prepared by the transformation of positive Poisson's ratio (PPR) foams with honeycomb cell structure, which face a challenge for restraining the increase in volume and Poisson's ratio once they are stimulated by high temperature. In addition, they cannot restore to its reentrant structure after large deformation. In this work, a novel method for preparing anisotropic NPR foam with excellent structural stability and shape recovery property is established by synergistically controlling hierarchical pore structures. The obtained NPR silicone rubber/polylactic acid (SR/PLA) composite foam has large-size holes (auxetic structure) with concave hexagonal shape and small-size honeycomb cells, which are generated by 3D printing technology and salt leaching method, respectively. The auxetic structure with the orientation characteristic is directly formed rather than transformed from the honeycomb cell structure. Therefore, the dimension and Poisson's ratio value of the NPR SR/PLA composite foam keep constant after high temperature heating treatment, meaning an excellent structural stability. Furthermore the excellent shape recovery property of the NPR SR/PLA composite foam endows it restore to the initial auxetic structure after large deformation to a large extent. It should be mentioned that the anisotropy of the NPR SR/PLA composite foam further will bring a broad application prospect in the field of human body cushioning materials, such as prosthetic lining sleeve.

Studies of Auxetic Structures Assembled from Rotating Rectangles.

The subject of the work is analysis, which presents a renowned auxetic structure based on so-called rotating polygons, which has been subject to modification. This modification entails introducing pivot points on unit cell surfaces near rectangle corners. This innovative system reveals previously unexplored correlations between Poisson's ratio, the ratio of rectangle side lengths, pivot point placement, and structural opening. Formulas have been derived using geometric relationships to compute the structure's linear dimensions and Poisson's ratio. The obtained findings suggest that Poisson's ratio is intricately tied to the structure's opening degree, varying as the structure undergoes stretching. Notably, there are critical parameter limits beyond which Poisson's ratio turns positive, leading to the loss of auxetic properties. For elongated rectangles, extremely high negative Poisson's ratio values are obtained, but only for small opening angles, while with further stretching, the structure loses its auxetic properties. This observed trend is consistent across a broad category of structures comprised of rotating rectangles.

Understanding the behaviour of seismically derived Poisson's ratio in near-surface characterization

Near-surface characterization is often challenging using a single geophysical technique. We show that seismic refraction is an effective tool by combining P- and S-wave velocity models in the form of V P / V S and Poisson's ratio ( σ ) to detect buried targets along with electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). We acquired vertical and horizontal component seismic data along a 2D profile over two known targets. The first is a water pipe of c . 0.8 m diameter located c . 1.5 m below the surface and the second is a storm drainage pipe (SDP) of c . 1 m diameter at c . 2 m depth. The first arrival times of vertical and horizontal component data were picked and inverted using grid-based tomography. The resulting velocity models have smoothly varying structures and could not identify any of the target features. However, when combined as V P / V S and Poisson's ratio models, the features clearly appeared as anomalous zones. A collocated 2D electrical resistivity model shows the presence of anomalies around the same locations. Our study suggests that anomalous V P / V S and Poisson's ratio values derived from seismic velocities are indicative of the relative changes owing to the disturbances in the soil because of construction with respect to the background instead of the anomaly.

The Effect of Deformation Parameters of Clay-Core on Arching Behaviour of Rockfill Dam

In zoned embankment dams, horizontal and vertical cracks developing in the upstream-downstream direction for various reasons cause internal erosion, resulting in serious consequences such as dam failure. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the mechanisms that cause these cracks to develop in the upstream-downstream direction. Hydraulic fracturing occurs when the stresses at the upstream face of the core are less than or equal to the hydrostatic stresses originating from the reservoir. The arching phenomenon creates the stress environment in which hydraulic fracturing can develop. In transverse arching, one of the arching types, stress transfer occurs from the core to the transition and shell zones. As a result of this stress transfer, the vertical stresses on the upstream surface of the clay core decrease. This study examines the effect on zoned dam transverse arching behavior in combinations where the geomechanical characteristics of the clay core (Elasticity modulus and Poisson ratio) change, provided that the material characteristics in the transition and shell zones are constant. Numerical analyses were carried out using the finite element method using the maximum cross-section of Çınarcık Dam. As a result of numerical analysis, it was seen that the increase in the elasticity modulus and Poisson ratio values, which are the deformation parameters of the clay core, was effective in reducing the transverse arching potential.

Investigation and Tailoring of Rotating Squares' and Rectangles' Auxetic Structure Behavior through Computational Simulations of 6082T6 Aluminum Alloy Structures.

Auxetic structures, renowned for their unique lateral expansion under longitudinal strain, have attracted significant research interest due to their extraordinary mechanical characteristics, such as enhanced toughness and shear resistance. This study provides a systematic exploration of these structures, constructed from rigid rotating square or rectangular unit cells. Incremental alterations were applied to key geometrical parameters, including the angle (θ) between connected units, the side length (a), the side width (b) of the rotating rigid unit, and the overlap distance (t). This resulted in a broad tunable range of negative Poisson's ratio values from -0.43 to -1.78. Through comprehensive three-dimensional finite-element analyses, the intricate relationships between the geometric variables and the resulting bulk Poisson's ratio of the modeled auxetic structure were elucidated. This analysis affirmed the auxetic behavior of all investigated samples, characterized by lateral expansion under tensile force. The study also revealed potential stress concentration points at interconnections between rotating units, which could impact the material's performance under high load conditions. A detailed investigation of various geometrical parameters yielded fifty unique samples, enabling in-depth observation of the impacts of geometric modifications on the overall behavior of the structures. Notably, an increase in the side width significantly enhanced the Poisson's ratio, while an increase in the overlap distance notably reduced it. The greatest observable change in the Poisson's ratio was a remarkable 202.8%, emphasizing the profound influence of geometric parameter manipulation. A cascaded forward propagation-backpropagation neural network model was deployed to determine the Poisson's ratio for auxetic structures, based on the geometric parameters and material properties of the structure. The model's architecture consisted of five layers with varying numbers of neurons. The model's validity was affirmed by comparing its predictions with FEA simulations, with the maximum error observed in the predicted Poisson's ratio being 8.62%.

DFT Calculations of Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism and Transport Properties of Cubic KCrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Halides for Spintronics and Energy Conversion Applications

This paper investigates the properties of cubic halides KCrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) compounds focusing on their half-metallic (HM) ferromagnetic and thermoelectric characteristics. The analysis is performed using the Wien2k and BoltzTrap coding. The stability of our compounds in the ferromagnetic (FM) phase is established by the higher energy release compared to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase. The calculated value of Poisson ratio and Pugh ratio greater than their cutoff limit (0.26 and 1.75) reveal that our examined materials are ductile in nature. To examine the electronic structure, the Trans-Bhala modified Becke Johnson potential (TB- mBJ) is employed to investigate half-metallic nature. The density of states (DDS) analysis indicates significant contributions from X-p states in the valence band and Cr 3d-states in the conduction band. A comparative analysis of crystal field () and exchange (indirect (Pd) and direct (d)) energies provides insights into the primary role of electronic spin in the ferromagnetic behavior. The observed value (4 μ B) of total magnetic moment of the investigated halide perovskites suggest that they could be promising candidates for spintronic materials. Lastly, we compute the thermoelectric parameters within a temperature range of 200 K to 800 K to explore the potential application in renewable energy devices.

Estimation of the Poisson's Ratio of the Rock Mass

The value of Poisson's ratio is a crucial parameter in rock mechanics and engineering for both intact rock and rock mass. Poisson's ratio has not gotten the attention it merits compared to other essential mechanical characteristics of intact rock and rock mass. Limited relationships exist between rock mass classification systems (such as RMR, RMQR, Q, and GSI) and Poisson's ratio. This paper provides a comprehensive review of models proposed by various researchers for estimating Poisson's ratio for rock mass. The different methods are compared, and new general equations are derived. The results indicate that the Poisson's ratio value of rock mass is inversely proportional to its quality and strength and depends on the Poisson's ratio value of the intact rock. Specifically, a linear equation is obtained using the RMR or GSI system, showing that the Poisson's ratio increases as the quality and strength of the rock mass decrease. The Q system has a logarithmic link between the rock mass quality and Poisson's ratio. It should be noted that the derived equations are applicable only under the assumption of a homogeneous isotropic rock mass.

How Linear Elastic Material Properties Affect Lung Tumor Motion and Deformation: A Finite Element Analysis

Radiation therapy (RT) is a common method for treating lung cancer; however, targeting the moving tumor while sparing the surrounding healthy lung tissue is challenging. One of the methods proposed is tracking the tumor at the time of treatment and using multi leaf collimators (MLCs) to precisely target the tumor shape. One of the most accurate ways to predict the position and shape of the tumor is simulating the respiratory process at the time of RT delivery. However, an efficient and accurate way to find patient-specific material characteristics of lung and tumor as input for the simulation is still to be found. In this work, we have i) studied the effect that lung and tumor material properties have on tumor displacement and deformation and ii) found out that a simple, linear, elastic model may be sufficient for examining the effect of the material properties on the tumor displacement and deformation. A model was constructed in a simulation environment. STL meshes of a lung and a tumor were imported and set up to have separate material property values assigned for elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density. Boundary conditions on the lung included a fixed surface located at the top of the lung and a distributed boundary load on the lower surfaces of the lung. The boundary load provided a 2.5cm displacement of the lower surfaces to imitate the diaphragm motion during the inhalation phase of the breathing cycle. Lung density showed no effect on tumor movement or deformation. Tumor displacement differences as a function of material property values ranged from 0.0043-1.53cm. The lung elastic modulus had the greatest effect on tumor displacement, with displacements ranging from 0.041- 1.53cm, or a range of approximately 1.5cm. Lung Poisson's ratio values affected displacement with a maximum displacement range of 0.1942cm. Tumor elastic modulus showed an insignificant effect on displacement of the tumor, with displacement ranges up to 0.0043cm. Tumor displacement was also insensitive to tumor Poisson's ratio values with a maximum range of displacement of 0.0005cm. We found out that a simple, linear, elastic model was useful for examining the effect of the material properties on the tumor displacement and deformation. Tumor properties and Poisson's ratio of the lung did not affect the tumor displacement and deformation significantly; however, having a patient-specific approximated value for the lung elastic modulus is required for optimal modeling of the process. Implementation of MLC-based tracking in RT, although an effective technique, is complex and time-consuming. Finding simplifications that make this more cost- and time-efficient can potentially increase the accuracy of delivery techniques, especially for lung cancer. Improvements that can be easily adopted to the RT workflow can improve overall therapy outcomes and quality of life for more patients.