Point Of Pines Research Articles

Recovery and Disaster Prevention Capability of Coastal Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii) Forests on the Fukiage Sand Dunes of Southern Kyushu, Japan

In this study, we investigated the Fukiage sand dunes of southern Kyushu, Japan. We surveyed the status of recovery of coastal Japanese black pine forests damaged by pine wilt disease and their disaster prevention capability. We placed two transects: Transect 1, in an area that was severely damaged (80-90% damage rate) by pine wilt disease, and Transect 2, in an area that was mostly undamaged (＜10% damage rate). Then, we installed survey lines, carried out vegetation surveys, and measured the depth and pH of humus soil. The survey lines were placed perpendicular to the coastline from the top of the fore-dune to the inland area, and divided into five 50 m sections. Before the point 100 m inland from the top of the fore-dune, the number of invasive hardwoods and of Japanese black pines were small because of the poor growth environment in both transects. Past the 100 m point, the species and number of Japanese black pines and broad-leaved trees increased further inland because the growth environment improved. In addition, the recovery metrics of tree height, diameter at breast height, age, and number in Transect 1 were much lower than those in Transect 2, and the basal area of broad-leaved trees and the depth of humus soil in Transect 1 were lower than in Transect 2, and the soil pH of humus soil in Transect 1 was higher than that of Transect 2. The shape ratio of the Japanese black pine forests indicated that they were insufficient for disaster prevention. Therefore, in order to fully promote the disaster prevention capability of coastal Japanese black pine forests, we should not only focus on prevention of pine wilt disease but also undertake continuous control efforts taking into consideration the sound growth environment such as appropriate density and soil management and removal of invasive broad-leaved trees.

ROOM FUNCTION AND ROOM SUITES IN LATE MOGOLLON PUEBLO SITES

Room function and the construction of room suites have often been cited as useful data in studying the organization of households and corporate groups. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of room function and constmction of room suites at the late (A.D. 1250–1400) Mogollon Pueblo of Point of Pines (W:10:50 [ASM]) in the Point of Pines Region of Arizona. The results of this analysis are then compared to three other late Mogollon Pueblos. Architectural variability both within and between the sites suggests considerable variation in the organization of house space.

Social Identity and Ethnic Interaction in the Western Pueblos of the American Southwest

With the increasing realization of the frequency of migration in prestratified societies, our understanding of ethnic interaction needs to become more sophisticated. This paper discusses ethnic interaction in prestratified societies on a theoretical level by examining currently used models based on Barth's concepts of interaction (Barth, F., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, Little, Brown, Boston, 1969, pp. 9–39) and Bourdieu's concept of habitus (Bourdieu, P., Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977). These current models are flawed, and an alternative model relying on reflexive decisions by agents who are constrained by their place within the existing social structure is presented. This model is then used to examine ethnic identity in Western Pueblo societies in three areas of central Arizona: Point of Pines, Grasshopper, and Silver Creek. All three areas were locations of prehistoric migration and subsequent interaction between migrants and indigenous peoples. However, the nature of the interaction differed considerably, with ethnicity being emphasized in some places, de-emphasized in others, and ignored all together in still others.

Point of Pines, Arizona: A History of the University of Arizona Archaeological Field School. Emil W. Haury. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1989. xvi + 141 pp., figures, appendix, index, tables, references. $19.95 (paper).

Point of Pines, Arizona: A History of the University of Arizona Archaeological Field School. Emil W. Haury. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1989. xvi + 141 pp., figures, appendix, index, tables, references. $19.95 (paper). - Volume 57 Issue 1

Reproductive Ecology and Spawning Periodicity of the Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia (Pisces: Atherinidae)

at Bears Bluff and the Point of Pines during the spring and summer, 1976-1978. Spawning runs occurred only in daytime and coincided precisely with the predicted time of high tide. Spawning by large numbers of fish in a small area at high tide, when tidal current and velocities were low, caused depletion of dissolved oxygen to <1.0 mg/l. M. menidia spawned in the upper intertidal zone at elevations of 1.2 to 2.4 m above mean low water. Observed maxima in spawning-run index values occurred near the time of new and full moons, suggesting that the spawning population is synchronized by a lunar cue. The coincidence of a high tide at the time of sunrise every two weeks (high tide-sunrise cue) also may have served as a synchronizer for the spawning population. Determination of the relative importance of each factor was made difficult by their approximate synchrony during the March-July spawning season. Many predators fed on spawning M. menidia. Several predators, including the ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres morinella, semipalmated sandpiper, Ereunetes pusillus, and blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, fed on developing M. menidia embryos. Larval emergence was limited to times of tidal inundation. More larvae hatched during high tides at night than during the day.

Salado: The View from Point of Pines

ABSTRACTA discussion of the pottery from the Point of Pines area is presented. The Salado and White Mountain wares are also briefly discussed. Finally, the relationship between the Salado pottery and the Point of Pines sequence is summarized.

The Indians of Point of Pines, Arizona: A Comparative Study of Their Physical Characteristics. Kenneth A. Bennett. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 23, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1973. viii + 75 pp., 24 figs. $3.95.

The Indians of Point of Pines, Arizona: A Comparative Study of Their Physical Characteristics. Kenneth A. Bennett. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 23, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1973. viii + 75 pp., 24 figs. $3.95.

The indians of point of pines, Arizona: A comparative study of their physical characteristics. By Kenneth A. Bennett. viii + 75 pp., figurs, tables, bibliography. Anthropological Papers No. 23, University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 1973. $3.95 (paper)

The indians of point of pines, Arizona: A comparative study of their physical characteristics. By Kenneth A. Bennett. viii + 75 pp., figurs, tables, bibliography. Anthropological Papers No. 23, University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 1973. $3.95 (paper)

Ethnobotany of point of pines ruin Arizona W:10:50

In the 13th Century a group of emigrants from northern Arizona settled among an indigenous people in east central Arizona. The immigrants occupied a block of rooms that later burned as a unit. The carbonized vegetal material in the rooms provides evidence concerning ethnobotany, the study of the inter-relationship between plants and man (Jones, 1941: 220). The significance of the plant material derives from integrating information on topography and plant ecology with traditional Southwestern Indian plant uses and archaeological data. The Point of Pines Ruin, Arizona W:10:50, is in east-central Arizona, 65 miles east of Globe and 40 miles north of Safford. The ruin was excavated between 1946 and 1960, when the University of Arizona maintained an archaeological field school at Point of Pines. Both the field school facilities and the ruin lie at the edge of Circle Prairie (elev. 6000 ft) where the gentler, northeastern slopes of the Nantack Ridge finger toward Circle Prairie as spurs (Fig. 1). The main ridge is about 51/2 miles southwest of Point of Pines, and extends from northwest to southeast. It has an average elevation of 6,500 feet, but reaches a maximum height of 7,600 feet (Woodbury, 1961). The southwest escarpment descends from approximately 6,500 feet to 5,000 feet at Ash Flat. Arizona W:10:50 began around A.D. 1200 as a cluster of pit houses and a contemporary adjacent masonry structure. Between 1280 and 1285 newrooms

On the estimation of some demographic characteristics on a prehistoric population from the American Southwest.

AbstractAfter a general discussion of some of the limitations and assumptions inherent in paleodemographic studies, a method for the estimation of average life expectancy when only deaths by age are known is described and applied to the remains from Point of Pines, a prehistoric Western Pueblo population from the American Southwest. It was found that the method was not applicable to these data in its entirety, since there were considerable differences in mortality shapes between this prehistoric group and those summarized in the U. N. Model Life Tables. It is suggested that a range of average life expectancy can be calculated when the intrinsic rates of natural increase vary, and these are given for the Point of Pines data.

A Pine Gum Thimble from Point of Pines

ABSTRACTA covering for a left thumb made of chewed pine gum was found associated with Canyon Creek phase trash, dating about A.D. 1350–1400, at the Point of Pines Ruin. It is suggested that it was used to protect the thumb from sharp-ended tools used in sewing and weaving activities.

Cremated Human Remains from Point of Pines, Arizona: A New Approach

AbstractThe traditional approaches of comparative human osteology have proven largely unsatisfactory in attempts to determine biological relationships among human populations which cremated their dead. However, one category of information, that of discrete traits or skeletal anomalies, has been largely ignored. Cremations from Point of Pines, Arizona, were analyzed to determine if this kind of information, along with that usually sought from skeletal material, could be obtained in sufficient quantity to make comparative biological studies feasible. The results were encouraging, but they indicate that extraordinary care will be required in the future excavation and storage of cremated material.

Disposal of the Dead at Point of Pines, Arizona

AbstractThe analysis of 975 burials indicates that the inhumations of the Point of Pines region conformed to the flexed Mogollon pattern prior to A.D. 1000. Subsequently, extended burials appeared concurrently with a complex of traits diffused from areas to the north. At the same time, cremation became established as a part of the mortuary complex as a result of contact with Hohokam peoples to the south. Additional evidence of this contact consists of Hohokam material culture items and a ball court. Ceremonial killing of the crematory vessels was extensively practiced and included a new method, notch-killing. The variability of forms and methods of disposal suggests rapidly changing patterns and alternatives in burial practices.

Lead in the Bones of Prehistoric Lead-glaze Potters

In 1932 Haury described lead-glaze pottery from the Southwest. In view of his report, it appeared desirable to find out whether the makers of such pottery suffered from lead poisoning. A series of 46 bone specimens from Kinishba, where lead-glaze pottery was made, and a control series of 33 specimens from Point of Pines, where such pottery is not known to have been made, were screened by X-ray and by X-ray diffraction. The 11 most promising specimens were then analyzed by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry. Lead was found in quantities believed to be below the toxic range; concentrations in the control series from Point of Pines were, with few exceptions, higher than in the experimental series from Kinishba.

: Prehistoric Agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona . Richard B. Woodbury.

: Prehistoric Agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona . Richard B. Woodbury.

"Prehistoric Agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona." By Richard B. Woodbury.

"Prehistoric Agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona." By Richard B. Woodbury.

Prehistoric Agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona. Richard B. Woodbury. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 17, Salt Lake City, 1961, 48 pp., 16 figs., 4 tables.

Prehistoric Agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona. Richard B. Woodbury. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 17, Salt Lake City, 1961, 48 pp., 16 figs., 4 tables.

A Ceremonial Cave on Bonita Creek, Arizona

AbstractA prehistoric ceremonial cache in the Arizona State Museum was found in 1957 by S. R. Claridge of Safford, Arizona. In 1958 additional objects were collected on a subsequent visit to the cave. The ceremonial objects include wooden flowers and cones, strings of miniature baskets, terraced wooden objects, a wooden pendant, cotton cloth, and bows and arrows. Apparently most of these objects had been stored in a Maverick Mountain Polychrome jar which had been covered with a smudged brownware bowl. The cache dates from the closing years of the 13th century or the early years of the 14th century. It probably belonged to the group of migrants from the Kayenta area who moved into Point of Pines about A.D. 1280 only to be driven from there about 20 or 30 years later.

The Beaver Creek Agricultural Community on the San Juan River, Utah

AbstractThis prehistoric Pueblo III community consists of 14 sites with evidence of efforts to control water and soil on or near the delta formed by Beaver Creek, an intermittent tributary of the San Juan which flows through Cha Canyon draining a watershed of about 16 square miles on the northern slopes of Navajo Mountain. The small house units, kivas, terraces, linear and grid borders, ditches, windscreens, and possible cisterns or walled-in springs were built by Anasazi people of Kayenta affiliation from the adjacent Rainbow Plateau who occupied the canyon lands probably seasonally during the 12th century. The terraces and linear and grid borders are comparable to those found at Point of Pines in east-central Arizona. The stone-lined ditches span sandy surfaces between the steep gravel slopes and the arable alluvial sediments transporting water to areas which could not be farmed without irrigation. Notched stones set at right angles to the ditches served to keep the water in the ditches at grade so that it could be diverted through tapered-stone turn-out gates to terraced and stone-bordered fields. Rows of rock built on high ground and counter to prevailing winds deflected the wind, stopped blowing sand, protected soil moisture, and reduced sand-blasting of plants. This apparently successful use of the canyon lands which was based on careful exploitation of local ecological conditions lasted about 100 years. It was terminated by increasingly dry conditions which lowered the level of the San Juan and caused tributaries such as Beaver Creek to cut the alluvial sediments used for farming. About 1900 Paiute and Navajo groups moved into the area, using it for some farming during the 1930's, but currently only for forage and water.

A Ball Court at Point of Pines, Arizona

AbstractA Casa Grande type ball court at the Stove Canyon site was probably constructed during the Reserve phase, A.D. 1000-1150. The only ball court in a Mogollon region, it constitutes further evidence of extensive early influence at Point of Pines from the Hohokam of the Gila Basin.