Point Of Data Saturation Research Articles

Nurses’ experiences in neonatal sepsis prevention and management: a qualitative cross-sectional study at selected hospitals in a metropolitan area

BackgroundNeonatal sepsis represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among infants in healthcare settings. This study explored nurses’ experiences in preventing and managing neonatal sepsis in the Tamale metropolis.MethodsAn exploratory, descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study design was used, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The sample size was determined at the point of data saturation of fifteen participants. Thematic analysis was employed to identify codes, subthemes, and themes within the interview transcripts.ResultsThree major challenges nurses face in preventing and managing neonatal sepsis, including (1) the absence of a protocol for handling newborns upon admission, (2) an excessive workload that made it difficult for staff to follow infection prevention protocols, and (3) inadequate, obsolete and/or lack of equipment that caused devices to be overused. The nurses also identified critical psychological and emotional difficulties they encounter as a result of working within such a stressful environment. Other activities nurses conducted were handwashing before and after every procedure, infection prevention, and separating the babies in the incubator. In managing babies with neonatal sepsis, nurses provided daily treatment, hygiene care, and supported activities of living. The nurses also assert that the availability of resources, appropriate staff, and critical skills are important for preventing and managing neonatal sepsis.ConclusionThe lack of basic working consumables like gloves, syringes, and needles, inadequate staff, and lack of defined protocol of care were identified as critical challenges that hamper the care provided in neonatal care units. Hospital authorities must focus attention on addressing the critical challenges faced by neonatal care units. Also, measures should be instituted to address the emotional and psychological concerns associated with nursing care. Future research must consider the level of influence of each of the challenges enumerated on nurses’ overall health.

It's bittersweet, it's uncomfortable, yes, but it's necessary. Methodological reflections on the experiences of young adults with life-shortening conditions on being involved in inclusive qualitative research

Research in palliative care is regarded as ethically challenging although there is increasing recognition that such research is important. Young adults with life-shortening conditions were not expected to reach adulthood but this population is growing and there is limited research that focuses on their lives or their experiences of engaging in research. The study explored the unintended consequences of pandemic control measures on the lives of young adults living with life-shortening conditions in the United Kingdom. This paper focuses on some of the methodological issues arising from this study, drawing on data that explores participants’ experiences of taking part. This is an interpretivist and inclusive qualitative study co-produced with three experts by experience using constructivist Grounded Theory method conducted during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic. In-depth interviews using a topic guide were transcribed verbatim and analysed iteratively until the point of data saturation. Twenty-six young adults aged 22–40 (17 female; 9 male), reporting a wide range of life-limiting and/or life-threatening conditions including rare and undiagnosed conditions and co-morbidities. Through analysis we identify four key themes focusing on participants’ experiences of taking part in the research: helping others and influencing change; reciprocity and support; therapeutic value; and (in)visibility and legacy. This paper offers methodological reflections on research in palliative care drawing on qualitative co-produced research involving young adults with life-shortening conditions. Our findings indicate that although participating in research can feel uncomfortable, this is outweighed by the perceived benefits of contributing to research.

Exploring the Psychosocial Challenges Experienced by Teenage Student Mothers in Senior High Schools in Asene Manso Akroso District, Ghana.

Purpose: This study explored the psychosocial challenges experienced by teenage student mothers in senior high schools in Asene Manso Akroso District, Ghana. Methodology: The qualitative research approach was employed to understand and explore the psychosocial challenges experienced by teenage student mothers in senior high schools in Asene Manso Akroso District. Purposive sampling method was used to select the population of the study. Data saturation point was used to select a sample of twelve teenage student mothers from a population of fifty-five teenage student mothers from the two senior high schools in the district. Interview guide was used for the data collection and content analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: The study revealed that teenage student mothers were ridiculed and rejected by their peers in school. It was also found that the teenage student mothers felt lonely and isolated as most of their friends shunned them for fear of being classified in the same category with teen mothers. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is therefore, recommended that guidance and counselling units in senior high schools should liaise with school authorities to provide academic and social support systems to help them adjust into the school system

Understanding patient demand for and use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection: A qualitative application of the Necessity-Concerns Framework in Saudi Arabia.

Reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a priority for public health. Inappropriate patient demand is an important driver of unnecessary antibiotic use. To develop an effective intervention to reduce inappropriate demand for antibiotics in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), it is important to identify patient perceptions that influence demand for, and appropriate use of antibiotics. To identify and describe the beliefs about antibiotics necessity and concerns that patients with URTIs have, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An exploratory qualitative approach was used. One-to-one, face-to-face or telephone semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants recruited using purposive sampling (based on age and gender) from primary healthcare centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were conducted. Only adult patients who currently experience URTIs symptoms and agreed to participate were recruited. Recruitment for interviews continued until data saturation point was reached. The interview guide explored patients' necessity beliefs and concerns about antibiotics, AMR perceptions, and expectations from URTIs consultation. Interview transcripts were coded using QSR NVivo 12 using framework analysis informed by the Necessity-Concerns Framework to identify key motivations driving antibiotic requests and consultations. the study interviewed 32 participants (44% were male, average age was 36.84). Results identified that the patients often relate their personal need for antibiotics when encountering an URTIs symptoms to the type, severity and duration of symptoms. Patients also linked antibiotics with quicker recovery, generally expressing few concerns about antibiotics mainly because of its short duration of use. However, some conveyed their concern about frequent administration of antibiotics and effect on the body's immune system function, which may make them more prone to infections in the future. Participants varied widely in their awareness of AMR; this was associated with many misconceptions, such as confusing AMR with antibiotics efficacy and tolerance. Interestingly, the interplay between necessity beliefs and concerns was observed to influence the decision to start and stop antibiotic, potentially impacting inappropriate antibiotic demand and unnecessary use. This study highlighted important beliefs and misconceptions about antibiotics and AMR in Saudi population which can be targeted in future interventions to reduce inappropriate demand for antibiotics and optimise appropriate usage.

Gender-based violence in the context of armed conflict in Northern Ethiopia

BackgroundGender-based violence (GBV) particularly against women is unfortunately common during armed conflicts. No rigorous and comprehensive empirical work has documented the extent of GBV and its consequences that took place during the two years of devastating armed conflict in Northern Ethiopia. This study aims to assess GBV and its consequences in war-torn areas of northern Ethiopia.MethodsWe used a qualitative method augmented by quantitative method to enroll research participants. We conducted in-depth interviews to characterize the lived experiences of GBV survivors. All interviews were conducted confidentially. The data were collected to the point of data saturation. All interviews were transcribed verbatim into local language, translated into English, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. We also used reports from healthcare facilities and conducted a descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics of study participants.ResultsOne thousand one hundred seventy-seven persons reported GBV to healthcare providers. The qualitative study identified several forms of violence (sexual, physical, and psychological). Gang rape against women including minors as young as 14 years old girls was reported. Additionally, the perpetrators sexually violated women who were pregnant, and elderly women as old as 65 years, who took refuge in religious institutions. The perpetrators committed direct assaults on the body with items (e.g., burning the body with cigarette fire) or weapons, holding women and girls as captives, and deprivation of sleep and food. GBV survivors reported stigma, prejudice, suicide attempts, nightmares, and hopelessness. GBV survivors dealt with the traumatic stress by outmigration (leaving their residences), seeking care at healthcare facilities, self-isolation, being silent, dropping out of school, and seeking counseling.ConclusionGBV survivors were subjected to multiple and compounding types of violence, with a wide range of adverse health consequences for survivors and their families. GBV survivors require multifaceted interventions including psychological, health, and economic support to rehabilitate them to lead a productive life.

Phenomenological Approach in the Qualitative Study: Data Collection and Saturation

The study aims to explore the phenomenological study method, data collection procedures and analysis, followed by how and in which position the saturation is achieved. Phenomenological approach has been employed to explore the perceptions of stakeholders through sharing their experiences. Using snowball sampling procedures, data have been collected from 10 respondents through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. For the data analysis, this study has adopted the inductive thematic approach. In the interview process, the researcher focused on the respondents’ understanding of the commercial banks' money lending activity. The findings of the study show that different stakeholders have a different perception on commercial banks' money lending activity. Respondents have a common understanding but explained it differently as they experienced it. The common academic background of the respondents plays a role in the common understanding and thus, it helps to achieve the data saturation point for each research question separately. Money creation through the commercial banks' money lending activity has a potential threat of financial crisis but the strong role of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) can ease this tension. This perception comes from the data saturation point on the basis of the respondents understanding on the research phenomenon. The study has potential implications on the qualitative research method, and phenomenological study method, data collection procedures and analysis followed by how and on which position the saturation is achieved. The current study may have several contributions to the existing literature in qualitative research. This study may assist researchers on how to reach the saturation point for heterogeneous data. Step by step process on data selection and interview approach can guide to achieving the data saturation point. Future research can take this study as an input to develop the qualitative research model for the heterogeneous data. In addition, a follow-up interview approach may help to get comprehensive data collection that can also assist to achieve data saturation point.

Women living with infertility in Iran: A qualitative content analysis of perception of dignity.

Globally, infertility is known as a major problem which can ruin a couple's relationship. In recent years, many studies have addressed the causes of infertility, the outcomes of treatments for infertility, and the effects of infertility on couples' mental health; however, the concept of dignity of women living with infertility has never been examined in depth. This study aimed to explore the dignity of women living with infertility in Iran. This qualitative research was conducted via conventional content analysis approach. This qualitative study was conducted in Iran from February to December 2022. In this research, the data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 women living with infertility selected via purposive sampling. The interviews were continued until reaching the data saturation point. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman style content analysis, with data management done using the MAXQDA software. To achieve the accuracy and validity of the study, the four-dimension criteria by Lincoln and Guba, namely credibility, dependability, conformability, and transformability, were considered and used. Analysis of the qualitative data yielded three themes and eight subthemes. The three main themes were (1) overcoming identity crises (overcoming dysthymia, coping with unaccomplished motherhood), (2) respect for personal identity (respect for confidentiality; respect for beliefs, values, and attitudes; avoidance of stigma and pity), and (3) compassion-focused therapy (sympathizing, mental and spiritual support, and enhancement of life skills). Dignity of women living with infertility encompasses overcoming identity crises, respect for personal identity, and compassion therapy. The policymakers and administrators in the healthcare system can use the findings of this study to create a proper clinical environment toward preserving the dignity of women living with infertility.

The Tradition of Zikir Ratib Saman in the Sammaniyah Order at the Great Mosque of Palembang

Efforts to combat the challenges of the modern amoral era require a social alternative, namely "berzikir" (the act of remembering and reciting praises or names of God). In reality, not everyone can adapt to modern changes that involve shifts in attitudes leading to a decline in morality. The purpose of this research is to understand the historical development of the "zikir ratib saman" tradition at the Grand Mosque of Palembang and the impact of this practice in facing the challenges of the modern era.This study utilizes qualitative research methods and descriptive research methods. Data collection involves a series of processes including observation, interviews, and documentation. Activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively and continue until the data saturation point is reached, ensuring data validity. The data analysis includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Analyzing the data presents facts systematically based on the obtained data, making it easy to understand and convey.The findings of this research indicate that in the late 18th century, the Sammaniyah tariqa (Sufi order) began to spread to Indonesia, especially in the city of Palembang, centered around the Grand Mosque of Palembang, by Syekh Abdus Samad Al Palembani (1737-1832M). The development of the tradition of "zikir ratib saman" at the Grand Mosque of Palembang has evolved over time and spread to various areas of the city. The impact of "zikir ratib saman" in facing the challenges of the modern era is evident when engaging in prolonged recitation has positive effects, including inner calm, sustenance, behavioral changes, and the rapid growth of worship practices. "Zikir ratib saman" can have a positive influence in confronting the challenges of the modern era and serves as a form of psychotherapy in achieving happiness and inner tranquility

Experiences of operating room nurses in disaster preparedness of a great disaster in Iran: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn recent years, Iran has encountered a growing frequency of earthquake disasters. Given that nurses constitute the largest group of healthcare providers, it is imperative that they possess adequate disaster preparedness skills, irrespective of the location or time. Despite the operating room nurses’ roles in disasters, their experiences and challenges in disaster preparedness have been overlooked. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the experiences, challenges, perspectives, and factors influencing the disaster preparedness of operating room nurses during the 2017 earthquake in Kermanshah, Iran.MethodsThe present qualitative research was carried out in Iran In 2022 utilizing conventional content analysis. The study involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 16 operating room nurses who had participated in disaster preparedness during the Kermanshah earthquake. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling approach that aimed to achieve maximum diversity. The interviews were continued until the point of data saturation was reached, and the verbatim transcripts were analyzed using conventional content analysis in MAXQDA software. To ensure the rigor of the research, Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were employed.ResultsThe study conducted data analysis to identify the main theme as “insufficient disaster preparedness due to a faded preparedness”, along with six major categories and eighteen subcategories related to earthquake disaster preparedness. The major categories included: knowledge and perception of preparedness for disasters; educational and training programs for disaster preparedness; equipment preparedness for disasters; managerial-organizational preparedness for disasters; clinical skills for responding to disasters; and resilient ability in disaster response situations.ConclusionThe findings of the study provide valuable insights into the dimensions of disaster preparedness in earthquake disasters among operating room nurses. Nursing managers can utilize these findings to develop effective strategies and provide support in areas such as improving knowledge and educational level, equipment preparedness, strengthening plans and managerial structures, enhancing skills, and explaining resilience strategies to improve the disaster preparedness of operating room nurses and medical organizations’ disaster response teams.

The quality of social interactions in young girls with nomophobia syndrome

ObjectiveNomophobia, as a growing phenomenon, has gradually affected the quality of social interactions and people's communication and has had considerable consequences on the quality of their real-world relationships. The present study aimed to identify the quality of social interactions and the factors underlying their formation based on the experiences of girls with nomophobia syndrome. MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory approach. The participants were 20 girls with nomophobia symptoms, who were selected through purposive sampling from among all unmarried girls aged 20–30 living in Babol, Iran in 2022. The participants were screened using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and open-ended questions asked by the researcher. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Data analysis was performed using Strauss and Corbin's (1998) approach until the data saturation point. ResultsThe data revealed 103 open codes, 24 axial codes, and 10 selective codes clustered into five main categories: Contextual conditions (family background and socio-economic conditions), causal conditions (individual and personality factors and individual's internal experiences from online interactions), intervening conditions (external facilitators and inhibitors), action and reaction (alternative strategies in social interactions), and consequences (attachment consequences, mobile loss consequences, and interactional consequences of online communication). ConclusionThis study identified five main categories of themes that can account for the process of nomophobia and understand how people with nomophobia interact socially. Following the developed model and the related factors, related professionals can make more accurate evaluations and then conduct more effective interventions with a focus on reducing and eliminating drivers and forces underlying, perpetuating, and reinforcing nomophobia and preventing and treating it based on individual characteristics of the affected people. Moreover, some suggestions were offered for further research and interventions in this field.

Midwives Perceptions on Perinatal Loss Care of Bereaved Mothers at KweKwe General Hospital, Zimbabwe

Painful, distressful and discomforting is the caring for women who have experienced perinatal loss and may be very challenging for bereaved women and the midwife as well. This requires a nurturing as well as a professional approach and facets that ate mainly experienced than taught and learnt. Commonly, the area remained unresearched through the delicate intonations it bears and the sacrosanct perceptions surrounding death and loss of life and sacredness the subject. An in-depth qualitative phenomenological study explored the midwives’ perceptions on perinatal loss care of the bereaved mothers. In-depth interviews were used to gather data from a sample of 10 participants who were selected among midwives at Kwekwe maternity unit using purposive sampling. The sample was determined by the data saturation point and the inclusion criteria was of those who had worked at the unit for at least 6 months. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data which gave rise to identification of themes. The findings revealed four emergent themes; knowledge and skills on bereavement care, psychological and emotional support, constraints to offering bereavement care and improving perinatal loss care. Midwives lacked requisite skills and knowledge to care for bereaved mothers, they void of care to bereaved mothers, inadequate psychological and emotional support from the family and midwives was of concern. Constraints were identified as shortage of staff, time, lack of continuity of care and inadequate infrastructure. Recommendations were training of midwives on management of mothers who would have experienced perinatal loss, counselling, improving infrastructure for confidentiality and proper management of the bereaved mothers and probable co-option of the conceptual framework developed in this study. Further research should focus on exploring the views of the mothers themselves since they are the custodians of the perinatal loss.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Omani Women on Breast Self-Examination in Oman: A Grounded Theory

Breast cancer is considered one of the most health-threatening among women, and it has been deemed the greatest deadly type of disease all over the world. Internationally, breast cancer is considered the top cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Breast cancer is number one in many countries and is the second leading cause of death among women in the world. However, breast cancer can be encountered through health education and proper practice of breast self-examination. Objective: The study aimed to explore knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination among young Omani women and their mothers. Methods: This study used a qualitative design, guided by a grounded theory approach. The researchers communicated with young Omani women and their mothers to study their knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination. Semi-structured interviews with 15 young Omani women (aged 16-18 years) and their mothers were conducted. This study was conducted in the North Batinah Governorate of Oman at three secondary girls’ schools from February 2022 to October 2022. At the beginning of the data collection, purposive sampling was used, which relied on inclusion criteria. Then the theoretical sample was used up to the point of data saturation. Variation was considered when recruiting young women and their mothers such as various age groups, various residence places, various schools and various levels of education. Results: Two main categories emerged from the consistent analysis of the data: “Constructing knowledge and attitude” and “Practicing Breast Self-Examination”. The data revealed that many young women and their mothers had some information on breast self-examination and its importance. They also had positive attitude towards breast self-examination. Many mothers were not practicing breast self-examination because they perceived breast self-examination was not important before the age of 40. Majority of women do not have skills to conduct breast self-examination. Conclusion: Knowing what young women and their mothers know about breast self-examination, their attitude towards this examination and the practice of breast self-examination would help in the development of a program about breast self-examination in Oman to educate the women about the appropriate age to perform breast self-examination and to develop women’s skills in breast self-examination.

Most Patients With Bone Sarcomas Seek Emotional Support and Information About Other Patients' Experiences: A Thematic Analysis.

Online discussion forums allow individuals who otherwise may be strangers to create a community where they can seek and share information. Patients with bone sarcomas and their support networks use discussion forums dedicated to cancer support. There is a paucity of published reports regarding the care experience of patients with bone sarcomas because studies on online discussion groups have primarily focused on some of the more common cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Understanding commonly discussed themes among patients with bone sarcomas would allow treating physicians to have a better understanding of patient concerns when providing patient education and counseling. We performed this study to review posts from bone sarcoma internet discussion boards to establish common themes related to the care experience of patients with sarcomas. Online discussion forums were identified using the search term "sarcoma discussion forum." After identifying 12 websites, we excluded closed forum groups, websites with missing or invalid links to forums, and nonpublic forums, such as groups on Facebook. These websites include profiles and photos that are personal, and sufficient author anonymity could not be achieved for this study. Posts written between January 1, 2012, and May 1, 2022, posted on five discussion boards were reviewed and collected until we reached a point of data saturation in which we agreed that the collection of additional posts would not reveal new themes. Discussion threads were filtered to identify posts pertaining to the most common bone sarcomas: chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Grounded theory-the methodology of repeated analyses of qualitative data to identify recurring themes or concepts-was used to analyze posts. Caregiver posts were delineated from patient posts and categorized separately for subgroup analysis. Grounded theory, although a qualitative method, endeavors to integrate the strengths inherent in quantitative methods with qualitative approaches. Grounded theory categorizes words, language, and the meanings these imply and seeks to organize and reduce the data gathered into themes or essences, which, in turn, can be fed into descriptions, models, or theories. Our analysis used three reviews of text to assign and group codes based on repeating ideas or concepts. The first review (open coding) aims to assign codes based on the verbatim text included by the author to capture the specific thoughts and ideas of the post. The second review (axial coding) aims to consolidate the ideas of posts by applying broader concepts to each post. The third and final review (selective coding) aims to further consolidate the themes of each post by trying to embody the main message contained in a post. A total of 570 posts from 139 threads were collected and analyzed using grounded theory. Twenty-five axial codes and four selective codes were created. We defined data saturation by the absence of a new open code in the analysis of a block of 50 posts to ensure that signals of saturation were not accepted too early in the analysis. The four selective codes included emotional aspects or connecting with others, information support: diagnosis, information support: treatment, and information support: recovery. Of these four codes, emotional aspects and connecting with others was the most prevalent theme (78% [445 of 570] of posts) followed by information support: treatment (49% [282 of 570] of posts). Information support: diagnosis and information support: recovery were each captured in 15% of posts. Analysis of posts reveals that the two most common themes involve seeking out emotional support and information about the experiences of others with various treatment modalities. Although most of the posts we assessed contained experiential information and emotional support rather than directed medical advice, future studies should assess the accuracy of information shared among online sarcoma forums. Physicians caring for patients with sarcomas should not only address patient concerns related to medical care, but also provide emotional support directly and assist patients by providing resources to peer support outlets, including online discussion forums. Although we cannot ascertain the proportion of patients who use online sites given the anonymity of posts included, these findings suggest common experiential themes across patients with sarcomas outside their doctors' offices. It is important that providers be aware of reputable forums to provide as resources for their patients. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society may further benefit from endorsing one or more of these forums and providing physician oversight to monitor misinformation.

Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Anxiety Among University Students in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Study.

The rapid surge in social media platforms has significant implications for users' mental health, particularly anxiety. In the case of social media, the impact on mental well-being has been highlighted by multiple stakeholders as a cause for concern. However, there has been limited research into how the association between social media and anxiety arises, specifically among university students-the generation that has seen the introduction and evolution of social media, and currently lives through the medium. Extant systematic literature reviews within this area of research have not yet focused on university students or anxiety, rather predominantly investigating adolescents or generalized mental health symptoms and disorders. Furthermore, there is little to no qualitative data exploring the association between social media and anxiety among university students. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the existing literature and a qualitative study that aims to develop foundational knowledge around the association of social media and anxiety among university students and enhance extant knowledge and theory. A total of 29 semistructured interviews were conducted, comprising 19 male students (65.5%) and 10 female students (34.5%) with a mean age of 21.5 years. All students were undergraduates from 6 universities across the United Kingdom, with most students studying in London (89.7%). Participants were enrolled through a homogenous purposive sampling technique via social media channels, word of mouth, and university faculties. Recruitment was suspended at the point of data saturation. Participants were eligible for the study if they were university students in the United Kingdom and users of social media. Thematic analysis resulted in 8 second-order themes: 3 mediating factors that decrease anxiety levels and 5 factors that increase anxiety levels. Social media decreased anxiety through positive experiences, social connectivity, and escapism. Social media increased anxiety through stress, comparison, fear of missing out, negative experiences, and procrastination. This qualitative study sheds critical light on how university students perceive how social media affects their anxiety levels. Students revealed that social media did impact their anxiety levels and considered it an important factor in their mental health. Thus, it is essential to educate stakeholders, including students, university counselors, and health care professionals, about the potential impact of social media on students' anxiety levels. Since anxiety is a multifactorial condition, pinpointing the main stressors in a person's life, such as social media use, may help manage these patients more effectively. The current research highlights that there are also many benefits to social media, and uncovering these may help in producing more holistic management plans for anxiety, reflective of the students' social media usage.

Production Protocols in the Current Practice of Instilling Traditional Values in Malay Kuih

Traditional food is unique to every country and can act as one of the catalysts for the nation’s economy, especially through gastronomic tourism activities. However, the qualities of traditional food are now challenged by globalization-imposed modernization innovations. The change in methods and techniques in producing traditional food has altered the traditional values of the delicacies. This study explored the disciplines within the production of traditional Malay kuih that instilled the traditional value in the current practices. A qualitative research design was utilised in this study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. There were 21 informants involved in the data collection, out of which 14 were traditional Malay kuih producers, while 7 were loyal consumers, all of whom were within the data saturation point gathered from sessions. All the interview sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim to extract themes for the research question “How can the traditional quality of Malay kuih be reproduced in current practice?” Four themes were discovered where protocols were applied in the production of traditional Malay kuih. The protocols are; using Malay’s conventional cooking techniques, controlling ingredient substitutions in original recipes, controlling technical enhancement in production, and retaining the common flavour of the traditional Malay kuih. These findings not only covered the integrity of traditional methods while adapting to modern technology but also contributed to an in-depth discovery of practices and limitations set upon the production of traditional Malay kuih from the informants’ experiences. Producers of the traditional Malay kuih can then better organize their productions while still conforming to instill traditional values in their products. Consequently, this confers well-identified and true-to-origin tourism products to attract the locals as well as foreign tourists to enjoy the delicacies. With the findings of this study, the specification of the traditional Malay kuih can further be rekindled and expand on possibilities for its resurgence.

Experiences of Wives of Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Qualitative Study.

Living with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) veterans imposes severe stress on relatives especially their wives. Despite of these difficulties these stratum of women suffer insufficient support and less attention. This study aimed to explore the experiences of wives of veterans with PTSD. This study was conducted in 2021 using qualitative content analysis approach. Participants were selected purposely from PTSD veterans' wives. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 18 wives of veteran men with PTSD. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, up to the point of data saturation, and were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis method with the support of MAXQDA software. Through analysis of transcribed interviews, one theme and 4 categories and 13 sub categories were emerged : The theme called "abandoned in miserable life stream" and categories consist of "living in the cage of grief and regret"; "insufficient support resources"; "marital burnout"; and "self-sacrifice to maintain family cohesion". The results of this study provide a broad range of context-specific challenges faced by wives of veterans with PTSD. In confronting with full of tensions life and lack of support, wives of veteran with PTSD are neglected and need more attention and support. It is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of the complex psychological and social conditions of wives of veterans with PTSD.

Postmenopausal Experiences and Constraints in Seeking Health Care in A Rural Area of West Bengal, India

Introduction: During menopause, women experience various psychological or physical changes which need adequate attention. Moreover, women don’t seek help for these problems due to their hesitancy, lack of awareness, socio-cultural, financial constraints or as they feel this is a natural-phenomenon. The study aims to explore the postmenopausal experiences faced by women during menopause and to elicit the constraints faced by them in seeking health-care services. Methodology: This was a qualitative study with phenomenological approach conducted among post-menopausal women (≥45 years) from Oct 2022-Jan 2023 with the help of In-Depth-Interview guide in four villages of Bhatar Block, Purba-Bardhaman District. Considering the availability of the study participants, they were selected purposively from the list prepared by ASHA of each village and recruitment done till the point of data-saturation. Inductive thematic-analysis was used to identify codes and themes. Results: During menopause, women experienced physical and psychological changes in the body, changes in social life and for these changes they had to adjust to cope-up. They felt various needs like empathy from husbands, children, peers. On the other hand, they did not seek help from health-care services due to their knowledge gap, dissatisfaction from previous-visit, cost-issue and unavailability of resources in health-care delivery system. Conclusion: Majority of the post-menopausal women faced various problems associated with menopause, but very few had sought help. So, health care providers have an important role to generate awareness among post-menopausal women regarding physical and mental changes during this phase.

The Experience of Newly Diagnosed Women with Breast Cancer in Oman

Objective: It is well known that breast cancer have many impacts on women’s personal and professional life; therefore, this study sought to explore the experience of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer in Oman. This study would help to understand women’s knowledge, attitudes, views, beliefs with breast cancer and to understand the impact of breast cancer on their daily life. Methods: This study used a qualitative design, guided by a constructivist grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews with 20 women were conducted in the North Batinah Governorate of Oman. At the beginning of the data collection, purposive sampling relied on inclusion criteria was used. Then theoretical sampling was applied up to the point of data saturation. Results: The data from the interviews underwent constant comparative analysis and two main categories emerged from the data: “Knowing Breast Cancer” and “Being a Woman with Breast Cancer”. The data revealed that many women (60%) had poor understanding on breast cancer and they did not know the risk factors and warning signs of breast cancer. The data also revealed that majority of women (80%) knew the importance of conducting breast self-examination but they did not perform breast self-examination because of their busy life. Also, the data showed that clinical breast examination was conducted rarely within the healthcare institutions and it was limited for those women who had warning signs of breast cancer. The daily life of women diagnosed with breast cancer was within the framework of anxiety. Many women expressed their worrying feeling about their health condition and their personal and professional life. Conclusion: knowing the experience of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer from different aspects could help to provide the necessary educational and supportive services.

A study to explore the emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies among nursing students in selected colleges at Namakkal District- Hermeneutic phenomenological circle approach

Background: Emotional intelligence of nursing students helps them to adopt a healthy life style during stress.Coping is one of the wise choices of avoiding frustration which is the end product of stress and burnout. If individual want to handle the stress with effective and appropriate coping he or she should be an emotionally competent with high emotional intelligence. Methods: Participants were selected based on trait exhibited by particular group of interest. So adopted purposive homogenous sampling method for this study. After receiving informed oral consent students at Dhanvantri College of Nursing, Namakkal were adopted as participants for this study .With 5 participant’s data saturation point has been reached and preceded for the analysis. As this study aimed to explore the phenomenon of EI on coping strategy and to provide wide knowledge regarding the phenomenon there was a need to fuse individual’s subjective experience with the hermeneutic circle. So as this study design was Qualitative hermeneutic Phenomenological circle. Age and Birth order of the participants were demographic variable. To understand the concept of EI semi structured questions were framed on the basis of EI domains, all the verbatim reports were analysed by following interpretative phenomenological analysis and coping strategy of participants were expressed by the parent of the participants through mobile phone were recorded and analysed. Results:Participants with high emotional intelligence always deals the stress with their route cause and handle it easily in a problem focused style. Whereas Participants with low emotional intelligence deals stress with emotional focused strategy. And one more new concept (serendipity) were identified that birth order of the participants has greater influence on coping that is those born as second and fourth child shown problem focused coping strategy than the participant who born as first child.

Supplier selection at the base of the chain: navigating competing institutional logics for shared mutual value

PurposeTraditional purchasing best practices primarily follow a commercial logic and may not necessarily be applicable for social enterprises (SEs) supplier selection. This study examines how SEs focused on poverty alleviation select suppliers amidst competing institutional logics to achieve both social impact and economic performance.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory methodology is applied to guide semi-structured interviews with 18 fair trade verified SEs. Constant comparison methods aided in determining the point of data saturation was reached.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that SEs select marginalized suppliers based on implicit criteria that is initially based on social-welfare logic and then through a blend of commercial and social-welfare logic based on company structure.Originality/valueThis study is the first to reveal that SEs addressing social issues do not follow the traditional criteria for supplier selection but have their own unique selection criteria when selecting suppliers.