ABSTRACT Ergasiluspitalicus, new species (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae), is described from the gills of a cichlid fish from the Pacific coast of Colombia, South America. The new species has a 2-segmented first endopod and a cephalothorax which occupies 60-79% (mean 64%) of the body length. The cephalothorax of species with similar first endopods, from both North and South America, is usually only about half of the body length. The antennal morphology of the new species resembles that of E. cerastes Roberts, 1969, but the two can be separated by the following characters: (1) size (814-904 mm for the new species and 1,000-1,400 for E. cerastes), (2) length of the cephalothorax (55% of the body for E. cerastes), (3) size of the sixth thoracic segment, which is larger in the new species, (4) different relationship of spines to setae on the terminal segments of the first and fourth endopods, and (5) thoracic sternites of the new species with numerous spinules which the other species lacks.