Pod Mass Research Articles

Case Study of an Integrated Design and Technical Concept for a Scalable Hyperloop System

This paper presents the design process and resulting technical concept for an integrated hyperloop system, aimed at realizing efficient high-speed ground transportation. This study integrates various functions into a coherent and technically feasible solution, with key design decisions that optimize performance and cost-efficiency. An iterative design process with domain-specific experts, regular reviews, and a dataset with a single source of truth were employed to ensure continuous and collective progress. The proposed hyperloop system features a maximum speed of 600 kmh and a capacity of 21 passengers per pod (vehicle). It employs air docks for efficient boarding, electromagnetic suspension (EMS) combined with electrodynamic suspension (EDS) for high-speed lane switching, and short stator motor technology for propulsion. Cooling is managed through water evaporation at an operating pressure of 10 mbar, while a 300 kW inductive power supply (IPS) provides onboard power. The design includes a safety system that avoids emergency exits along the track and utilizes separated safety-critical and high-bandwidth communication. With prefabricated concrete parts used for the tube, construction costs can be reduced and scalability improved. A dimensioned cross-sectional drawing, as well as a preliminary pod mass budget and station layout, are provided, highlighting critical technical systems and their interactions. Calculations of energy consumption per passenger kilometer, accounting for all functions, demonstrate a distinct advantage over existing modes of transportation, achieving greater efficiency even at high speeds and with smaller vehicle sizes. This work demonstrates the potential of a well-integrated hyperloop system to significantly enhance transportation efficiency and sustainability, positioning it as a promising extension to existing modes of travel. The findings offer a solid framework for future hyperloop development, encouraging further research, standardization efforts, and public dissemination for continued advancements.

Influence of Boiling Time on Chemical Composition and Properties of Tender and Mature Moringa Pods.

Moringa oleifera is a plant native to India that is well adapted to warm climates with a high yield and low agronomic requirements. Pods are one of the edible parts of this plant and are commonly consumed in some places, (India, Morocco, etc.) when in an early vegetative state. However, both production and consumption of this plant are scarce and seasonal in Europe and treatments to extend its shelf life are required. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to evaluate the variation in the physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera pods at two stages of maturity, tender and mature, in terms of mass variation, optical and mechanical properties, protein content, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic profile, after boiling them in tap water at 100 °C for different lengths of time (0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 20 min). The mass of the tender pods increased by 15% during cooking, while the mature pods gradually lost weight. The protein content was approximately 4% with no significant change brought about by cooking. Ferulic, trans-cinnamic, p-coumaric, and ellagic acids were found in the fresh pods. During cooking, these phenols disappeared, and others appeared, including epicatechin and quercetin 3-glucoside, especially in the tender pods. In conclusion, boiling could contribute to an improvement in the organoleptic properties of moringa pods and to an extension of their storage and to wider availability on the market.

Selected Drybean Yield Parameters Affected by Phosphorus Fertilizer Sources under Different Locations of North-West Province, South Africa

Drybean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a significant source of protein and other essential macro- and micronutrients for human nutrition. This study was carried out in three ecologically different locations in the 2019/2020 growing season to assess the effect of phosphorus fertilizer source and environmental variations on selected drybean grain yield and quality. The experiment was a 3×4×2 factorial experiments fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with four replications. The three experimental sites were Mafikeng, Kraaipan and Taung. The four phosphorus fertilizer sources were the control, single superphosphate (SSP), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) and maxi phos. The two drybean cultivars used in this study were PAN 9292 and PAN 148. Yield and quality parameters measured were, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, pod length, pod mass, ash, and fat content. Phosphorus fertilizer source had a significant effect on the ash content. The ash content of drybean treated with SSP was significantly higher. The pods number of each plant, length of pods, and pod mass were all significantly affected by location. Drybean planted in Mafikeng produced significantly higher pods number of each plant, longer pods, and higher pod mass than at the other locations. The ash and fat content were significantly affected by the location. The ash and fat content of drybean grown in Mafikeng were 2.23% and 2.93%, respectively. Drybean treated with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) showed higher number of pods per plant and longer pods length.

Estresse salino e adubação potássica no desempenho agronômico da cultura do amendoim

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, the use of brackish water for irrigation can reduce crop yields. However, the use of mineral fertilizer has been tested to mitigate salt stress. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salt stress at different phenological stages on the yield of peanut under potassium fertilization. The experiment was carried out from August to November 2021, in the experimental area of the Universidade da Integração da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a 6 × 3 factorial scheme, with 6 replicates. Six strategies of irrigation with brackish water were applied from the following stages: vegetative (S1); flowering (S2); gynophore appearance (S3); pod formation (S4); fruiting (S5) and without salt stress (S6), and three doses of potassium: 0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose. The use of brackish water in the vegetative stage led to lower pod length, pod mass, number of pods, number of marketable pods and yield. The dose corresponding to 100% of the recommended potassium dose mitigated salt stress in the pod formation and flowering stages, promoting a greater number of marketable pods, number of non-marketable pods, total number of pods and pod mass. The use of water with lower salinity throughout the cycle promoted greater pod mass, number of marketable pods and yield.

Produção de grãos verdes de feijão-caupi fertirrigado por gotejamento contínuo e pulsado

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of green cowpea beans under conventional fertilization, different fertigation depths, and replacement of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) through continuous and pulse drip irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 12 treatments distributed in a 5x2+2 factorial arrangement, with five ETc replacement irrigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120%), combined with two types of fertigation application (pulse and continuous) plus two additional treatments with pulse (control 1) and continuous (control 2) irrigation at 100% of ETc under conventional fertilization. The analyzed variables were: number of pods, number of grains, fresh and dry mass of pods and grains, and total shoot fresh and dry mass. Cowpea showed a better productive performance at the fertigation depths between 80 and 100% of ETc. Moreover, pulse fertigation promotes higher yields for all production variables analyzed. Regardless of the type of application (pulse or continuous), the productive variables show better results at the fertigation depths estimated for maximum physical efficiency than in the treatments with conventional fertilization and irrigation with a depth of 100% of ETc.

Seed molybdenum concentration and yield of cowpea as influenced by foliar application of sodium molybdate and soil application of simple superphosphate

Cowpea is a legume rich in amino acids and proteins, cultivated worldwide. However, the crop has low grain yield, which is attributed to inadequate management of fertilizers. Therefore research was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus applied via soil and molybdenum via leaves on productivity and seed molybdenum concentration of cowpea. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme: Molybdenum doses (Mo) (0, 100, 250 or 500 g ha−1 of sodium molybdate) and doses of phosphorus (0, 50, 100 or 150 kg P2O5 ha−1), in a randomized block design, with four replications. Mo applications were split in the flowering and maturation phase to ensure the best absorption of micronutrients. At the end of maturation, pod length, pod mass, number of grains per pod, 100 grain mass, grain yield, seed molybdenum and concentration were measured. There was a significant interaction between the doses of phosphorus and molybdenum for pod length and number of grains per pod with increments in production and optimal dose estimated at 374.15 g ha−1 of molybdenum and 123.43 kg ha−1 of phosphorus. Phosphate fertilization increases grain yield, pod dry weight and 100-grain weight by 41%, 51% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The splitting of molybic fertilization is an effective way to increase the nutrient concentration in the seed, which leads to a reduction in the cost of producing Mo-rich seeds, without causing toxic effects on plants.

Plastocrono, fenologia e produção de ervilha verde em diferentes épocas de cultivo

ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle.

Growth and production of cowpea beans under potassium doses in soil of cerrado in Amapá, Brazil.

The cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], a legume of great socioeconomic importance, it was previously cultivated exclusively for subsistence and commercial purposes, especially in the North and Northeast regions. This crop has a low production cost and high nutritional value, in addition to a high potential for productivity growth and expansion to other regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate parameters of growth and production in cowpea culture, as a function of potassium fertilization in soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The parameters of growth and production of the cowpea culture were evaluated, as a function of potassium fertilization in the soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, totaling 40 experimental units, which were composed of plastic pots containing 7 dm3 of soil collected from the arable layer (0-20 cm ) of a typical Hyperdystrophic Yellow Argisol, with a sandy clay loam texture, in a cerrado area in the municipality of Porto Grande-AP. The factors consisted of the control treatment (without K), four doses of K (45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) in the form of potassium chloride, and two cowpea cultivars (Pretinho and BRS Tumucumaque). The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque shows better growth and production of cowpea plants. Doses of 90 kg ha-1 provided greater height (98.75 cm) and stem diameter (10.0 mm). As for production, the dose of 135 kg ha-1 caused greater grain weight gain (5.25 g) and dry mass of pods (13.92 g), and the doses of 90 and 180 kg ha-1 induced greater number and length of pods (3.16 pods) respectively. These results show better responsiveness of the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar at doses of 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 in the type of soil where the study was conducted.

Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in three species of oceanic dolphin.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the primary cause of disability and dependency among elderly humans worldwide. AD is thought to be a disease unique to humans although several other animals develop some aspects of AD-like pathology. Odontocetes (toothed whales) share traits with humans that suggest they may be susceptible to AD. The brains of 22 stranded odontocetes of five different species were examined using immunohistochemistry to investigate the presence or absence of neuropathological hallmarks of AD: amyloid-beta plaques, phospho-tau accumulation and gliosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that all aged animals accumulated amyloid plaque pathology. In three animals of three different species of odontocete, there was co-occurrence of amyloid-beta plaques, intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, neuropil threads and neuritic plaques. One animal showed well-developed neuropil threads, phospho-tau accumulation and neuritic plaques, but no amyloid plaques. Microglia and astrocytes were present as expected in all brain samples examined, but we observed differences in cell morphology and numbers between individual animals. The simultaneous occurrence of amyloid-beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau pathology in the brains of odontocetes shows that these three species develop AD-like neuropathology spontaneously. The significance of this pathology with respect to the health and, ultimately, death of the animals remains to be determined. However, it may contribute to the cause(s) of unexplained live-stranding in some odontocete species and supports the 'sick-leader' theory whereby healthy conspecifics in a pod mass strand due to high social cohesion.

BUSH SNAP BEAN GENOTYPES UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC CULTIVATION

Snap bean is a species widely cultivated in Goiás, in which cultivars of indeterminate growth are used in a staking system. Considering the high cost of staking and the unavailability of a workforce, there has been a demand for bush cultivars, but little is available on the market. In this sense, the present study was developed to evaluate, in 2016, under the conventional and organic cultivation systems, in Anápolis-GO, the behavior of 20 bush snap bean genotypes. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 20 treatments and three replications. There was a significant interaction between genotypes and cultivation systems for vigor, average pod mass, number of pods per plant, and pod yield, evidencing that the types of cultivation, organic and conventional, interfered with the response of these variables. Although the Commodore Improved cultivar has excelled in pod yield in the conventional system, all genotypes were suitable for organic production. Hab 39, Improved Gold Wax, Kentucky Wonder Bush, Provider, Stringless Green, and Tendergreen genotypes are unsuitable for the conventional production system.

Mathematical Modeling To Estimate The Growth Of Guandu Bean Pods And Seeds

The objective of this study was to adjust mathematical equations that accurately and non-destructively estimate the growth of pods and seeds of pigeon pea cultivar Fava Larga from the average length and width. For this, the maximum width (W), maximum length (L), and observed mass (OM) of pods and seeds were measured. Linear models of the first degree, quadratic, power, and exponential were adjusted based on the value of 400 pods and 1938 seeds, in which the OM was used as a dependent variable as a function of L and W as independent variables. For the validation of the models, the root means square of the error was calculated from all equations. Thus, in the estimation of the growth in mg of the pods and seeds of the 'Fava Larga' pigeon pea, the quadratic model equations represented by and , respectively, obtained using the width.

Repetibilidade e número de mensurações para caracteres produtivos em experimentos com olerícolas

ABSTRACT One of the ways to optimize the evaluation of the experiment and obtain high precision of the results is with the use of an adequate number of measurements for each variable observed in the experiment. In this sense, the objective of this study was to estimate the repeatability coefficient and the number of measurements necessary for the analysis of characters of production of zucchini, cucumber, pout pepper and pea. In the experiments carried out with zucchini and cucumber the variables number of fruits, fruit mass, fruit length, largest fruit diameter and smallest fruit diameter were evaluated. For pea the number, length and mass of pods, number and mass of grains per pod and for pout pepper number and mass of fruits, largest fruit diameter and length were evaluated. The repeatability coefficient (r) was estimated by the principal component method using the correlation matrix and the covariance matrix. The number of measurements for each variable was also determined based on the coefficients of determination of 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95 and 1.00. The estimated repeatability coefficient obtained the highest estimates using the covariance matrix, ranging from 0.67 to 0.84 for zucchini, from 0.66 to 0.97 for cucumber, from 0.47 to 0.70 for pea and from 0.57 to 0.71 for pout pepper. To evaluate the fruit mass in zucchini, cucumber, pea and pout pepper, are exactly, respectively, 7, 4, 8 and 8 measurements for a coefficient of determination of 95%.

Timing of Termination for Supplemental Replanted Peanut to Maximize Yield and Grade

When a peanut field is supplementally replanted next to the established row, it creates a conundrum of when to terminate maturity. This research was conducted to determine whether replanting poor stands of peanut at different populations would affect yield, grade (total sound mature kernels [TSMK]), and pod mass per plant compared to not replanting. The study also assessed whether the timing of termination of replanted peanuts would impact the same variables. The experiments took place in Tifton, GA in 2014, 2016, and 2017. Peanut was initially planted in late April-early May each year and thinned to populations of 13.1, 9.9, 6.6, and 3.3 plants/m of row. The 9.9, 6.6, and 3.3 plants/m populations were replicated and replanted with a supplemental seeding rate of 9.9, 13.1, or 16.4 seed/m for the respective populations. For each replanting, plant termination was made at timings coinciding with optimum maturity of the initial plants, the replanted peanuts, or averaged between those dates. Pooled over years, there was a linear correlation between plant stand and yield in non-replanted populations. Yield was 15% greater at 13.1 plants/m than at 3.3 plants/m. Stand was inversely correlated with pod mass (g pods/plant). Pod mass decreased by 45% when stand increased from 3.3 to 6.6 plants/m and was reduced another 38% when stands increased to 9.9 plants/m, then plateaued. Yield improved by delaying termination beyond the original plant maturity for the lowest initial population. There were also increases in TSMK as termination timing progressed from earliest termination (73%), to average termination (76%), to latest termination (78%). If supplemental replanting occurs, these data suggest delaying termination by digging beyond the optimum maturity of the initially planted plants until closer to the maturity of the replanted plants to allow late developing pods to progress in maturity. However, delaying too long can result in a reduction in average pod mass. Termination at the average maturity between initial and replanted plants can help maximize production and minimize the risk of loss from overmaturing pods.

Bulk density: An index for measuring critical soil compaction levels for groundnut cultivation

AbstractAssessing soil compaction using soil bulk density as an index for measurement could provide background information on the critical range of soil compaction for groundnut production in Nigeria. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in 2012 (year 1) and 2014 (year 2) to assess the effects of five levels of soil compaction (1.1 Mg m−3[control], 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 Mg m−3) on groundnut yield. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design with four replicates. Number of Pods (NP) and Fresh Pod Mass (FPM) of groundnut were estimated using standard procedures and subjected to ANOVA atα0.05. The NP of groundnut differed significantly among the treatments and was reduced by 70.1 and 76.0% in 1.4 and 1.5 Mg m−3relative to 1.1 Mg m−3in year 1, while corresponding low values were 40.4% (1.4 Mg m−3) and 48.4% (1.5 Mg m−3) in year 2. It was noteworthy that the NP in 1.2 and 1.3 Mg m−3were statistically similar. Consequently, FPM of groundnut was in the order of 1.1 > 1.3 > 1.2 > 1.4 > 1.5 Mg m−3in years 1 and 2, respectively. Hence, soil compaction at 1.1–1.3 Mg m−3could be critical for groundnut cultivation.

Uticaj inokulacije semena azotofiksirajućim bakterijama i sorte na morfološke osobine i produktivnost soje (Glicine max L.)

Recommended agrotechnical measure that is performed immediately before sowing of soybean is the inoculation of grain with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The purpose of the experiment was to examine the influence of inoculation and variety on morphological characteristics, yield and content of primary grain metabolites. Three domestic soybean cultivars (Apollo, Gorštak and Trijumf) were examined on the plot on which soybeans were previously grown, on chernozem-type land, at the experimental field of the Tamiš Pancevo Institute. The following morphological characteristics and yield parameters were studied: plant height, number of side branches, number of nodes, plant height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, the mass of pods per grain per plant, grain weight per plant and grain yield per hectare. The content of oil, nitrogen and protein was determined by standard analytical methods. Inoculation had a statistically significant effect on the morphological trait of plant height up to the first pod, while inoculation had no statistically significant impact on other morphological traits and yield parameters. Inoculation did not have a statistically significant effect on oil, nitrogen and protein content. For most of the examined parameters, the effect of genotype was observed. The average yield of plants of inoculated seed (1250 kg ha-1) and non-inoculated seed (1230 kg ha-1) was far lower than the multi-year average, due to significantly lower precipitation compared to the multi-year average and high average air temperatures during the growing season.

Do biofertilizers affect nodulation ability and pod production in peanut genotypes?

Peanuts are an important legume for the Northeastern Brazilian market, but their production in this region is low. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses on peanut nodulation and production components, to define the best dose and genotype. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design (DBC) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three replications. The treatments consisted of two evaluation factors: 1) Fertilization via different doses of organic fertilizer applied to the substrate (D1 = 0mL; D2 = 500mL; and D3 = 1000mL); and 2) Peanut genotypes (BR-1, UNI43 and UNI08). The following traits were assessed: number of nodules per plant (NNP), number of mature pods (NVM), pod mass per plant (MVP), seed mass per plant (MSP) and root length (CR). Peanut production is affected by fertilization via bovine biofertilizer, mainly for the components NVM, MVP and MSP. Besides, nodulation is a likely conditioner. The 1000mL dose proved to be the best treatment for the traits analyzed, and UNI08 accession, the most responsive material.

COMMERCIAL CLASSIFICATION OF PEANUTS BASED ON POD PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a legume belonging to the Fabaceae family, whose production aims at high pod yields and quality. This study aimed to investigate peanut physical traits and point out their relationship with total pod mass. Therefore, we evaluated total pod mass and the pod physical components: grain mass, pod shell mass, pod length, greatest and smallest transverse pod diameters, number of grains per pod, pod area, pod perimeter, and fruit volume. Initially, these morphological variables were correlated by Pearson’s coefficient, and a correlation network was used to graphically express the obtained results. Path analysis identified that pod total mass has a cause-and-effect relationship with the variables number of grains per pod, grain mass, and pod shell mass. As a result, these variables can be used in indirect selection for higher crop yields; therefore, monitoring pod total mass before harvest is a strategy to predict the final yield of peanuts.

SOYBEAN DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY AS A FUNCTION OF NPK FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH CONDITIONING BACTERIA

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a legume originated in Asia, was domesticated about 4500-4800 years ago. The first report of soybean cultivation in Brazil was in 1882 in the state of Bahia. In recent years soybean cultivation has reached a high productivity index, due to the investment in balanced fertilization and genetic improvement, which together are able to raise the productive potential in the plant, together with other management practices. The nutrients required in larger amounts are nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). Therefore, the present study had as objective to evaluate the development and productivity of the soybean as a function of the inoculation of bacteria in the seeds and chemical fertilization with NPK at sowing. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Centro de Ciências Agrarias e da Biodiversidade (CCAB), of the Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), in Crato - CE. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x2 subdivided plot, with four replications, totaling 32 experimental plots. The plots were four doses of NPK (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose) and the subplots referring to the use of conditioning bacteria from Barvar company (WITH and WITHOUT). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the Barvar factor averages compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability and the NPK dose factor was submitted to regression analysis. The statistical program Sisvar 5.3 was used for the statistical analysis. The variables analyzed were plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, number of branches, number of pods, mass of pods, mass of 100 grains, grain mass and yield. For the fertilization factor the variables are plant height, pod mass, grain mass and yield showed significant results at 1 and 5%, respectively. The increase in the doses of NPK applied provided improvements for plant height, pod mass, grain mass and productivity. The use of inoculation with Barvar provided an increase in the development and productivity of soybean, with an increase of 11% in soybean yield. The interaction between Barvar inoculation and NPK doses did not influence the development and productivity of soybean.

SOYBEAN DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY AS A FUNCTION OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH CONDITIONING BACTERIA

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important crop to Brazil in function of its productive potential, applicability of their products and nutritive value. The maintenance of high productivity is associated to a balanced fertilizing which promotes a higher crop potential during the cycle. This study had as objective evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation of gender Pseudomonas, doses of potassium, and the interaction between them about the variables of soybean production. The experiment was conducted at the Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, in Crato – CE. The experiment was realized in a randomized blocs design, in subdivided plot 4x2, with four repetitions, totalizing 32 experimental plots. First factor were four doses of potassium (0, 25, 50 e 100% of the recommended dose) and the second referred to use of inoculate of Pseudomonas gender, PotaBarvar (WITH and WITHOUT). The data were submitted to variance analysis by Test F and the average of Pseudomonas were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability and the factor potassium dose was submitted to regression analysis. It was used the statistical program Sisvar 5.3 to the statistical analysis. The analyzed variables were plant height, height of insertion of first pod, number of branches, number of pods, number of grains per pod mass of pods, mass of 100 grains, mass of grains and productivity. To factor fertilizing just the variable number of pods and number of grains per pod presented significative results at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively. The use of highest dose shown an improve of 127% to number of pods compared to witness (0% of fertilizing) while for the number of grains per pod the response was linear decreasing. To the factor PotaBarvar, only the variables number of pods and mass of pods presented significative results, with an increase of 51,5 and 15,5%, respectively, with use of inoculation. To the interaction between the potassium doses and the inoculation with PotaBarvar, none of the variables presented significative results. Thus, it is concluded that the potassium doses provided increase to number of pods and reduction of number of grains per pod and that use of inoculation presented productive increases to some variables, showing positive effect of PotaBarvar on crop.

AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN SUBMITTED TO DOSES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS STRAIN O4

The soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a prominent crop in the world grain scenario, it is currently cultivated in practically all the Brazilian national territory. Brazil appears as the world's second largest producer of this grain. Soybean cultivation is still the crop that consumes the most fertilizers in Brazil, with Nitrogen being the most required nutrient in the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with Pantoea Agglomerans Strain O4 bacteria and their relationship with nitrogen doses on soybean development and yield. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Biodiversity (CCAB), Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), in Crato - CE, in a randomized block design, in a subdivided plot, with three replications, thus totaling 24 experimental plots. The plots were four nitrogen doses (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose) and the subplots referring to the use of AzotoBarvar inoculant (with and without). The variables analyzed were: plant height, first pod insertion height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod per plant mass, mass of 100 grains, grain mass per plant and productivity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the means of the Bavar factor compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The statistical program Sisvar 5.3 was used for the statistical analysis. According to the analysis of variance none of the variables presented significant results, for the interaction Fertilizer*Barvar or for the AzotoBarvar and Fertilizer factors separately. According to the means test, however, it was observed better results for plant height, number of pods per plant, pod mass per plant, grain mass per plant and productivity in the presence of the inoculant.