Efficacy Of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Research Articles

Evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among the elderly in Minhang District of Shanghai

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on the clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly over 60 years old in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods A prospective cohort study was conduct, in which the sample size was 1 200 for both inoculated and uninoculated groups. This study followed the two groups of subjects every quarter for a year. Clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infectious diseases as well as the acute onset of chronic respiratory diseases were compared between the subjects of the two groups. Results Compared with the uninoculated group, less people in the inoculated group developed the clinical symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RR=0.894, 95% CI: 0.804-0.994). Immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine protected 57.7% of the senior citizens (≥75 years old) from respiratory tract infections(95% CI: 0.207-0.775). Conclusion The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly aged 60 years old and over and protects the elderly aged 75 years old and over from respiratory tract infections. Further studies on the immunological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be carried out by measuring the antibody titers before and after vaccination. Key words: The elderly; Pneumococcal vaccine; Respiratory tract infection; Cohort study; Efficacy evaluation

Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults. Summary of the evidence and implications for public health programmes

An update of a Cochrane systematic review summarised the evidence for the efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs that compared PPV with placebo, control vaccines or no intervention; and from non-RCTs that assessed pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness against sterile site, culture confirmed IPD where the trial design allowed for the control of important confounding factors (case–control and cohort studies). Of 25 included studies, 18 were RCTs including 64,852 participants and seven were non-RCTs – five case–control studies and two cohort studies including 62,294 participants; the non-RCTs contributing outcomes for culture-confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) only.The review found consistently strong evidence that the vaccine is effective in preventing the rarer outcome of invasive pneumococcal disease. Evidence from the included studies indicates vaccination might not afford as much protection in adults with chronic illness as it does for healthy adults. The available evidence did not demonstrate that pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines prevent pneumonia (of all causes) or mortality in adults. This review did not consider adverse events.

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Efficacy and Routine Use of Conjugate Vaccines in Infants: There Is No Need for a Vaccine Program in Older Adults at Present

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Efficacy and Routine Use of Conjugate Vaccines in Infants: There Is No Need for a Vaccine Program in Older Adults at Present

Should patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease be vaccinated against pneumococcal diseases?

Over the past 15 years, no fewer than ten meta-analyses or systematic literature reviews of the efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults have been conducted, including one specifically in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Their general conclusion is that it is effective in preventing invasive infections, but no conclusions can be drawn for high-risk patients (owing to a highly polymorphic population). Opinions are divided as to its efficacy in pneumonia, with the studies being too heterogeneous to carry sufficient statistical weight. Most conclude that there is no impact on mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are frequently described as an at-risk population, but controlled studies in such patients are very limited, leaving only case–control or cohort studies to provide information on which to base any decision. The aim of this article is first to discuss the place of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in this risk population, which is increasing in prevalence and in which pneumococcal infections play a considerable role. Pending other vaccines, the polysaccharide vaccine is currently the only preventive approach that has demonstrated an effect, even if it does not match up to expectations. The possibilities of alternative vaccines, such as conjugate vaccines in the near future and perhaps protein vaccines at a later date, will be considered.

Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

In their commentary about our meta-analysis of the efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, [1][1] Ross Andrews and Sarah Moberley stated that our conclusions go beyond the evidence presented and that a need exists for new trials to contribute more data, rather than repeated analyses of

Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in immunocompetent adults: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

The use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is low in some countries, maybe because of doubts regarding its efficacy. This meta-analysis aims at combining evidence from randomized trials of PPV assessing its efficacy in preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae related diseases in immunocompetent adults. In the fourteen trials totalling 48,837 patients retrieved, PPV prevents definite pneumococcal pneumonia by 71%, presumptive pneumococcal pneumonia by 40%, and mortality due to pneumonia by 32%, but not all-cause pneumonia or death. No preventive effect was seen in the subgroup of patients aged 55 years or more, possibly due to a lack of statistical power.

Simultaneous immunisation with influenza vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with chronic respiratory disease

Pneumococcal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom.1 The increasing numbers of elderly people and the development of drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae will exacerbate...

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy. An evaluation of current recommendations

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy. An evaluation of current recommendations

The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine

Although the protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has been demonstrated in randomized trials in young African gold miners, there has been controversy about its efficacy in older Americans at risk for serious pneumococcal infections. To assess the vaccine's protective efficacy against invasive pneumococcal infections, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in adults with a condition recognized to be an indication for receiving the vaccine. From 1984 to 1990, adults in whom Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from any normally sterile site were identified by prospective surveillance in the microbiology laboratories of 11 large hospitals; those with an indication for pneumococcal vaccine were enrolled as case patients. For each case patient, one control was matched according to age, underlying illness, and site of hospitalization. We contacted all providers of medical care to ascertain each subject's history of immunization with pneumococcal vaccine. Isolates of S. pneumoniae were serotyped by an investigator unaware of the subject's vaccination history. Thirteen percent of the 1,054 case patients and 20 percent of the 1,054 matched controls had received pneumococcal vaccine (P less than 0.001). When vaccine was given in either its 14-valent or its 23-valent form, its aggregate protective efficacy (calculated as a percentage: 1 minus the odds ratio of having been vaccinated times 100) against infections caused by the serotypes represented in the vaccine was 56 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 42 percent to 67 percent; P less than 0.00001) for all 983 patients infected with a serotype represented in the vaccine, 61 percent for a subgroup of 808 immunocompetent patients (95 percent confidence interval, 47 percent to 72 percent; P less than 0.00001), and 21 percent for a subgroup of 175 immunocompromised patients (95 percent confidence interval, -55 percent to 60 percent; P = 0.48). The vaccine was not efficacious against infections caused by serotypes not represented in the vaccine (protective efficacy, -73 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -263 percent to 18 percent; P = 0.15). Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine is efficacious in preventing invasive pneumococcal infections in immunocompetent patients with indications for its administration. This vaccine should be used more widely.

Pneumococcal Vaccine — Past, Present, and Future

IN this issue of the Journal, Shapiro and colleagues present the results of a case–control study of the efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.1 In their carefully designed and implemented study, the vaccine had an efficacy of 61 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 47 percent to 72 percent) in immunocompetent persons. The large size of the study allowed an elegant analysis of the variables that affect the efficacy of the vaccine. The results confirm and extend the findings from a number of studies conducted in the 14 years since the initial 14-valent vaccine was licensed.2 This history illustrates the often . . .

Efficacy of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

Trials to determine efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine prior to its licensure resulted in estimates of efficacy of 76%–100%. However, the populations studied in these trials were dissimilar to the population in this country at high risk of morbidity and mortality due to pneumococcal infection. Estimates based on data obtained in this country after licensure of the vaccine suggest that the efficacy in certain groups may be low: ⩽0% in children two to 10 years of age and 49% (95% confidence interval, ⩽0%–75%) in persons older than 10 years of age.

Protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines

Protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines