PM Group Research Articles

Intervening to Preserve Function in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy with a Porous Hydrogel and Extracellular Matrix Composite in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model.

Multiple hydrogels are developed for injection therapy after myocardial infarction, with some incorporating substances promoting tissue regeneration and others emphasizing mechanical effects. In this study, porosity and extracellular matrix-derived digest (ECM) are incorporated, into a mechanically optimized, thermoresponsive, degradable hydrogel (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-MAPLA)) and evaluate whether this biomaterial injectate can abrogate adverse remodeling in rat ischemic cardiomyopathy. After myocardial infarction, rats are divided into four groups: NP (non-porous hydrogel) without either ECM or porosity, PM (porous hydrogel) from the same synthetic copolymer with mannitol beads as porogens, and PME with porosity and ECM digest added to the synthetic copolymer. PBS injection alone is a control group. Intramyocardial injections occurred 3 days after myocardial infarction followed by serial echocardiography and histological assessments 8 weeks after infarction. Echocardiographic function and neovascularization improved in the PME group compared to the other hydrogels and PBS injection. The PME group also demonstrated improved LV geometry and macrophage polarization (toward M2) compared to PBS, whereas differences are not observed in the NP or PM groups versus control. These results demonstrate further functional improvement may be achieved in hydrogel injection therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy by incorporating porosity and ECM digest, representing combined mechanical and biological effects.

Dual-energy CT quantitative parameters to evaluate occult peritoneal metastasis in advanced gastric cancer preoperatively.

To explore whether dual-energy CT (DECT) quantitative parameters could provide analytic value for the diagnosis of patients with occult peritoneal metastasis (OPM) in advanced gastric cancer preoperatively. This retrospective study included 219 patients with advanced gastric cancer and DECT scans. The patient's clinical data and DECT related iodine concentration (IC) parameters and effective atomic number (Zeff) were collated and analyzed among noun-peritoneal metastasis (NPM), OPM and radiologically peritoneal metastasis (RPM) groups. The predictive performance of the DECT parameters was compared with that of the conventional CT features and clinical characteristics through evaluating area under curve of the precision-recall (AUC-PR), F1 score, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Borrmann IV type diagnosed on CT and serum tumor indicator CA125 index were statistically different between the NPM and OPM groups. DECT parameters included IC, normalized IC (NIC), and Zeff of PM group were lower than the NPM group. The DECT predictive nomogram combined three independent DECT parameters produced a better diagnostic performance than the conventional CT feature Borrmann IV type and serum CA125 index in AUC-PR with 0.884 vs 0.368 vs 0.189, but similar to the combined indicator which was based on the DECT parameters, the conventional CT feature, and serum CA125 index in AUC-PR with 0.884 vs 0.918. The lower quantitative NIC, IC ratio, and Zeff on DECT was associated with peritoneal metastasis in advanced gastric cancer and was promising to identify patients with OPM noninvasively.

Effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides on the rectal microbiota of mice challenged with lipopolysaccharides.

Intestinal dysfunction poses a severe problem by preventing the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The gut, being the most vital organ for these processes, plays a crucial role in ensuring our body receives the nutrients it needs. We explored the mitigating effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides (MEP) on intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through the modulation of intestinal flora. For this purpose, Kunming mice (KM) were divided into three groups, namely, PC, PM, and PY. Group PY was treated with MEP, while groups PM and PY were induced with LPS. The results showed that weight loss in the PM group was significantly greater than that in the PY group (P < 0.05), and the organ indexes of the lung and spleen in the PM group were significantly higher than those in the PC (P < 0.01) and PY (P < 0.05) groups. LPS caused severe injuries in KM mice in the PM group, characterized by broken villi. However, MEP treatment could alleviate this damage in the PY group, resulting in relatively intact villi. The serum analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ) (P < 0.01), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < 0.01), and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (P < 0.05) levels were significantly higher in the PM group, while IL-10 (P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.01) were significantly lower in that group. Interestingly, supplementation with MEP could lower the levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-10, IL-6, MDA while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.01) and GSH-Px. The gut microbiota analysis yielded 630,323 raw reads and 554,062 clean reads, identifying 3,390 amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs). One phylum and five genera were notably different among animal groups, including Escherichia_Shigella, Limosilactobacillus, unclassified_Geminicoccaceae, unclassified_Rhodobacteraceae, and Parabacteroides (P. distasonis). In conclusion, we found that MEP could mitigate the intestinal damage caused by LPS by modulating the inflammatory response, oxidative resistance, and intestinal flora of KM mice. Our results may provide insights into novel treatment options for intestine-related diseases.

Evaluation of Proximal Contact Tightness and Contact Area of Posterior Composite Resin Restorations

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the matrix system on proximal contact tightness (PCT) of posterior composite resin restorations. Standardized class II cavities on 180 first lower molar dentiform model teeth (Frasaco GmbH, Tettnang, Germany) were prepared. Three groups were formed considering the matrix system: Group-IM: Ivory matrix (Hahnenkratt GmbH, Königsbach-Stein, Germany), Group-OM: Omni matrix (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), and Group-PM: Palodent V3 sectional matrix (Dentsply, Charlotte, NC, USA). Teeth were restored with resin composite mounted in a manikin head to simulate the clinical environment. Proximal contact tightness (PCT) was measured using a custom-made portable dental pressure meter (PDPM), and the validation of the PCT results was performed with a histogram analysis acquired from bite-wing radiography. All data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and t-test in SPSS software (v.27.0) (p &lt; 0.05). PM group showed statistically tighter contacts on both mesial (PCTm: 228.28 ± 59.17 N) and distal surfaces (PCTd: 254.91 ± 65.69 N) (p &gt; 0.05). Mesial contacts were found to be significantly tighter than distal contacts among all (p &lt; 0.05). According to the histogram results, only in the PM group, the difference between the mesial and distal areas is significant (p &lt; 0.05). Histogram results confirmed that the tightest contact values were achieved in the PM group, followed by the OM and IM groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The use of sectional matrix systems and separation rings is more effective in creating tighter contact than conventional matrix systems. The use of anatomical wedges will help to create a more natural approximal contour and narrow contact area.

Effects of the photovoltaic fishery culture model on muscle nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds of Litopenaeus vannamei

This study used Litopenaeus vannamei to compare the muscle nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds of animals raised in the photovoltaic fishery culture model (PM) and the common pond breeding model (CM). Amino acids, fatty acids, and volatile flavor substances were identified and analyzed using an automatic amino acid analyzer and headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME) combined with GC/MS. There were no significant differences between the two culture models in terms of general nutrients, mineral contents, and amino acid compositions in the muscles of L. vannamei. In the PM group, the proportion of flavor amino acids in total amino acids was higher. Based on the amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), it was found that methionine and cystine were the first limiting amino acids in the muscle samples. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) value was approximately 77 for both models, indicating high-quality proteins. The muscles contained nine types of fatty acids, with the PM group showing significantly higher levels of both monounsaturated and total fatty acids. A total of 23 volatile flavor compounds were identified in both models. The contents of 1-nonanal, n-tridecane, and alpha-terpineol were higher when cultured in the PM. Conversely, the contents of hexanal, 2-ethylhexanol, and dipentene were lower in the PM group. The photovoltaic fishery culture model has the potential to enhance income through photovoltaic power generation. In addition, this study found that the fatty acid composition of L. vannamei was improved in the PM, without compromising muscle composition or flavor. These results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the meat quality of L. vannamei under different culture models and offer data to support and guide the promotion of the PM.

Impact of time-of-day infusion of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy on efficacy in advanced malignant tumors.

e14634 Background: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has emerged as a standard first-line treatment strategy for advanced cancers. Camrelizumab and Tislelizumab, representative ICIs, have approval by the Chinese NMPA for first-line treatment of advanced cancers such as lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Previous studies have indicated that the timing of drug administration can influence the efficacy of ICIs. However, studies on the ICIs plus chemotherapy are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the effect of the timing of infusion on patients with advanced cancer undergoing treatment with ICIs combined chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled a total of 253 patients diagnosed with advanced cancers between 2017 and 2023 in Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital. Among these patients, 109 received camrelizumab (Cam cohort) plus chemotherapy and 65 received tislelizumab (Tis cohort) plus chemotherapy. Patients were grouped into morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) categories based on the timing of their ICIs administration (&lt; 1 times versus ≥ 1 times after 16:00). The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Criteria V.1.1 was used to evaluate the response to treatment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The results consistently showed that the PM group had a longer PFS than the AM group in the overall patients (p &lt; 0.01). In the Cam cohort, the PM group (n = 48) exhibited a longer PFS compared to the AM group (n = 61) (16.8 months vs. -, p = 0.02). However, no significant difference in PFS was observed among patients in the Tis cohort (AM vs. PM, n = 34 vs. n = 31, 16.1 months vs. -, p = 0.51). Subgroup analyses indicated that the PM group had a more favorable PFS treatment effect in most subgroups. The incidence of any Treatment Emerged Adverse Event (TEAE) (Cam cohort, AM vs. PM, 98.52% vs. 92.68%; Tis cohort, AM vs. PM, 97.05% vs. 100.00%) and grade 3 TEAEs (Cam cohort, AM vs. PM, 5.80% vs.7.30%; Tis cohort, AM vs.PM - vs. 12.90%) was similar in the Cam cohort and Tis cohort. The most common adverse events are anemia (Cam cohort vs. Tis cohort, 70.58% vs. 79.41%), thrombocytopenia (Cam cohort vs. Tis cohort, 54.41% vs. 58.82%) and lymphopenia (Cam cohort vs. Tis cohort, 44.11% vs. 44.11%). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight a significant variation in daily rhythms among advanced cancer patients undergoing treatment with ICIs plus chemotherapy. Interestingly, a trend was observed in patients treated with camrelizumab, where those receiving treatment in the afternoon demonstrated a longer PFS. However, this trend was not observed in patients treated with tislelizumab. These results suggest that time-of-day infusion could potentially serve as a personalized strategy for patients treated with combination ICIs therapy.

Efficacy and safety of time-of-day infusion of pemetrexed plus platinum and paclitaxel plus platinum for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study.

e20557 Background: Retrospective studies suggest that administering chemotherapy infusions in the morning can enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate side effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the effectiveness of chronotherapy using pemetrexed plus platinum (AP) and paclitaxel plus platinum (TP) in advanced NSCLC chemotherapy remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the impact of AP and TP chrono-chemotherapy (CCT) on treatment response and adverse events in advanced NSCLC patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 78 advanced NSCLC patients treated with AP (AP cohort) and 50 advanced NSCLC patients treated with TP (TP cohort) at Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from 2018 to 2021. Based on previous research, we classified patients who received chemotherapy infusions more than twice after 2:00 PM as the afternoon (PM) group, while the rest were categorized as the morning (AM) group. Treatment response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Criteria V.1.1. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). All adverse events were identified and graded according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Results: In the AP cohort, the AM group exhibited a longer PFS compared to the PM group (AM vs. PM, n = 26 vs. n = 52, 43.0 vs. 13.0 months, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in PFS in the TP cohort (AM vs. PM, n = 23 vs. n = 27, 11.0 vs. 22.0 months, p = 0.501). Subsequent subgroup analysis in the AP cohort favored the AM group across all major subgroups for PFS treatment effect. In contrast, the TP cohort subgroups showed a PFS benefit only in the smoking patients of the PM group. Furthermore, the analysis of adverse reactions revealed similar incidences of any treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) in both AP and TP cohorts (AM vs. PM, 92.3% vs. 86.5% in AP cohort and 95.7% vs. 100.0% in TP cohort), and grade 3 TEAEs (AM vs. PM, 34.6% vs. 21.2% in AP cohort and 39.1% vs. 29.63% in TP cohort). The most common adverse events were anemia (73.1%), leukopenia (57.7%), and elevated ALT (46.2%) in AP cohort and anemia (100%), leukopenia (65.2%), and hypoalbuminemia (47.8%) in TP cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that afternoon infusion of AP chemotherapy (p = 0.009) was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. Conclusions: AP treatment administered in the morning may enhance PFS in advanced NSCLC, while TP remains unaffected. This suggests that CCT could potentially enhance the efficacy of individualized chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can predict osteoarthritic progression after medial meniscus posterior root injury: randomized in vivo experimental study in a rabbit model

ImportanceThe field of meniscal root preservation has undergone significant advancement over the past decades; however, the challenge remains to fully understand whether meniscal root repair can ultimately arrest or delay osteoarthritic changes. ObjectiveTo assess longitudinal changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and progression to meniscal extrusion (ME) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MethodsMedial meniscus posterior root tear was surgically induced in 39 New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned into three experimental groups: partial meniscectomy after root tear (PM, n ​= ​13); root tear left in situ (CT, n ​= ​13); and transtibial root repair (RR, n ​= ​13). Contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. High resolution 4.7 Tesla MRI of the knee joint was performed at baseline, after 2-, and 4-months of post-surgery. Cartilage thickness was calculated in medial and lateral compartments. In addition, the evaluation of ME, subchondral bone edema and healing potential after root repair were assessed too. ResultsProgressive cartilage thinning, ME, and subchondral bone edema were evident in all 3 study groups after 4-months of follow-up. The mean cartilage thickness in the PM group was 0.53 ​mm (±0.050), 0.57 ​mm (±0.05) in the CT group, and 0.60 ​mm (±0.08) in the RR group. The PM group exhibited significantly higher cartilage loss when compared to the CT and RR groups (p ​< ​0.001). Moreover, progressive ME and subchondral bone edema were associated with a more severe cartilage loss at the final follow-up. ConclusionMeniscal root repair did not halt but rather reduced the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative changes worsened at a rapid rate in the PM group compared to the RR and CT groups. Early cartilage swelling, persistent subchondral edema, and progressive ME predicted a more severe progression to knee OA in the CT and RR groups. Level of evidenceII.

Pre-pregnancy ozone and ultrafine particulate matter exposure during second year of life associated with decreased cognitive and adaptive functioning at aged 2–5 years

BackgroundThis study sought to investigate the association of prenatal and early life exposure to a mixture of air pollutants on cognitive and adaptive outcomes separately in children with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MethodsUtilizing data from the CHARGE case-control study (birth years: 2000–2016), we predicted daily air concentrations of NO2, O3, and particulate matter <0.1 μm (PM0.1), between 0.1 and 2.5 μm (PM0.1-2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5-10) using chemical transport models with ground-based monitor adjustments. Exposures were evaluated for pre-pregnancy, each trimester, and the first two years of life. Individual and combined effects of pollutants were assessed with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), separately for children with ASD (n = 660) and children without ASD (typically developing (TD) and developmentally delayed (DD) combined; n = 753) using hierarchical Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models with three groups: PM size fractions (PM0.1, PM0.1-2.5, PM2.5-10), NO2, and O3. ResultsPre-pregnancy Ozone was strongly negatively associated with all scores in the non-ASD group (group posterior inclusion probability (gPIP) = 0.83–1.00). The PM group during year 2 was also strongly negatively associated with all scores in the non-ASD group (gPIP = 0.59–0.93), with PM0.1 driving the group association (conditional PIP (cPIP) = 0.73–0.96). Weaker and less consistent associations were observed between PM0.1-2.5 during pre-pregnancy and ozone during year 1 and VABS scores in the ASD group. ConclusionsThese findings prompt further investigation into ozone and ultrafine PM as potential environmental risk factors for neurodevelopment.

Effects of a phytogenic diet on growth, haemato-immunological parameters, expression of immune- and stress-related genes, and resistance of Oncorhynchus mykiss to Lactococcus garvieae infection

Phytogenic additives have been implicated in aquafeed owing to their proven growth-stimulating, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing efficacies. Herein, a short-term feeding experiment (21 days) was designed to explore the effects of a phytogenic additive, PASSIF MOOD® (PM, a mixture of Valeriana officinalis and Passiflora incarnata extracts), on growth, haemato-biochemical variables, immunity, and mRNA expression responses of rainbow trout fingerlings. After feeding, fish were experimentally infected with Lactococcus garvieae and monitored for an additional 20 days. Six groups were fed a commercial diet supplied with different PM levels as 0, 470, 940, 1410, 1880, and 2350 mg/kg and labeled as PM0 (control), PM1, PM2, PM3, PM4, and PM5 groups, respectively. Results revealed significant improvements in the growth of PM-supplied groups compared to the control. Dietary PM significantly increased RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values compared to those fed on a control diet. Stress indicators such as blood glucose and cortisol levels were significantly decreased in all PM groups than in controls. Moreover, there were significant increases in myeloperoxidase, respiratory burst, and lysozyme activities in PM groups than the control. The highest expression levels of the lysozyme II gene were found in the PM3, PM4, and PM5 groups. Moreover, the mRNA transcripts of il-10 and IgM heavy chain genes were significantly increased in all PM groups compared to the controls. Alternatively, the expression of tnf-α and hsp70 genes were significantly decreased in all PM groups compared to the controls. After challenge, the survival rates in PM0, PM1, PM2, PM3, PM4, and PM5 groups were 37.34%, 84.0%, 85.34%, 68.0%, 64.0%, and 36.0%, respectively, suggesting enhancement of the fish resistance in PM1, PM2, PM3, and PM4 groups compared to control. The results suggest the growth-promoting, antistress, and immunomodulatory roles of the tested phytogenic additive.

Parastomal hernia prevention with an intraperitoneal prophylactic 3D-funnel mesh: review of the technique and middle-term results.

Parastomal hernia (PH) stands out as a prevalent complication following end colostomies, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Various surgical strategies, predominantly involving prophylactic mesh deployment, have been explored with variable outcomes. This study details our experience and mid-term outcomes utilizing a funnel-shaped mesh. A single-center, prospective, non-randomized, observational study examined consecutive patients undergoing colorectal surgery with end colostomy, incorporating a 3D-funnel mesh from January 2019 to December 2021 (PM group). A historical cohort of patients with end colostomy without prophylactic mesh served as the comparison (C group). Postoperative morbidity within 30days was documented, and clinical examinations and radiological tests were employed for parastomal hernia diagnosis during follow-up. Seventy-two patients participated, with thirty-four in the PM group and thirty-eight in the C group. The PM group experienced 16 postoperative complications, unrelated to the mesh, while the C group recorded 20 complications (p = 0.672). Median follow-up was 22.06months for the PM group and 63.18months for the C group. The PM group exhibited a lower parastomal hernia incidence during follow-up (8.8%) compared to the C group(68.4%) (p < 0.001). Prophylactic use of a 3D-funnel mesh appears effective in reducing parastomal hernia incidence in the short and mid-term, without an associated increase in postoperative morbidity.

Influence of 3D printed surface micro-structures on molding performance and dental bonding properties of zirconia

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of the 3D printed micro-structured surfaces on the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement. MethodsZirconia specimens were divided into five groups based on manufacturing technique and surface preparation: (1) milled zirconia (M group); (2) milled zirconia airborne abraded (MA group); (3) printed zirconia (M group); (4) printed zirconia airborne abraded (PA group); and (5) printed zirconia with micro-structured surface (PM group). The surface morphology, cross-sectional morphology, and elemental composition were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface roughness was measured using a laser scanning confocal microscope (SLCM). Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using a universal testing machine after bonding resin cement (n = 10). The failure modes of the bonded fracture interfaces were observed and counted using a stereomicroscope and a SEM. In addition, boundary dimensional accuracy (n = 10) and micro-structural dimensional accuracy (n = 20) of printed zirconia specimens with micro-structured surfaces were measured using digital calipers and Fiji software. The crystalline phase changes before and after surface treatment were investigated using X-ray diffractometry. Data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). ResultThe surface micro-structures of the PM group had regular morphology and no obvious defects. The surface roughness results showed that the PM group had higher Sa (42.21±1.38 um) and Ra (21.25±1.80 um) values than the other four groups (p < 0.001). The SBS test showed that the bond strength of the PM group reached 11.23 ± 0.66 MPa, which was 55.97% (p < 0.001) higher than that of the P group (7.20 ± 1.14 MPa). The boundary dimensional accuracy of the PM group was proficient (diameter: 99.63 ± 0.31%, thickness: 98.05 ± 1.12%), and the actual fabrication dimensions of the hexagonal micro-structures reached 77.45%-80.01% of the original design. The micro-structured surface did not affect the crystalline phase of zirconia. ConclusionsThe current study illustrates that 3D-printed microstructured surfaces effectively improve the bond strength of zirconia to resin cements. Clinical significanceWith the advantage of 3D printing, this study provides a new idea for improving the bonding properties of zirconia.

Cardiac interventions on total knee arthroplasty: a national inpatient sample-based analysis.

Comorbid cardiovascular diseases have been associated with poor outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, our understanding of TKA with prior cardiac treatment procedures has largely been undocumented. In this study, we examined TKA patients who had undergone different cardiac interventions that addressed their condition. The purpose was to characterize and compare outcomes for a growing patient population not yet analyzed. The 2016-2019 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried for 558,256 patients who had TKA (ICD-10CM). Backgrounds significant for pacemaker [PM] (n = 8025), coronary artery bypass [CABG] (n = 12,683), heart valve surgery [HV] (n = 4125), or coronary stent [CS] (n = 19,483) were compared against those without, across demographics, admission information, and various complications. Cardiac interventions were associated with increased age, male gender, length of stay, and cost of care. CABG, and Stent groups had more diabetics, but HV had significantly fewer (p = 0.008). PM and HV had significantly less tobacco use and, in addition to CABG, less obesity. Postoperatively, mortality was elevated in the PM [Odds ratio (OR) 2.89, p = 0.008], CABG (OR 2.53, p = 0.006) and CS group (OR 1.94, p = 0.018), but not HV. Myocardial infarctions were elevated in the CABG (OR 3.874) and CS group (OR 5.11) (p < 0.001). PM, HV, and CS had increased odds of periprosthetic fracture by 2.15-fold (p < 0.001), 2.09-fold (p < 0.001), 1.29-fold (p = 0.011) respectively. HV saw increased periprosthetic mechanical complications (OR 1.48, p = 0.006). CABG increased the odds of deep surgical site infection 14.23-fold and CS 9.22-fold (p < 0.001). Postoperative pneumonia was increased in PM, CABG, and CS groups (OR 2.15,), (OR 2.21,), (OR 1.64,) (p < 0.001). Patients who have undergone cardiac intervention are generally at risk for adverse stays. Furthermore, risk factors and complications vary between the groups. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of individualized medical care and as a basis for electing and informing patients for TKA.

Prevotella and succinate treatments altered gut microbiota, increased laying performance, and suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation in laying hens

BackgroundThis work aimed to investigate the potential benefits of administering Prevotella and its primary metabolite succinate on performance, hepatic lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in laying hens.ResultsOne hundred and fifty 58-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens, with laying rate below 80% and plasma triglyceride (TG) exceeding 5 mmol/L, were used in this study. The hens were randomly allocated into 5 groups and subjected to one of the following treatments: fed with a basal diet (negative control, NC), oral gavage of 3 mL/hen saline every other day (positive control, PC), gavage of 3 mL/hen Prevotella melaninogenica (107 CFU/mL, PM) or 3 mL/hen Prevotella copri (107 CFU/mL, P. copri) every other day, and basal diet supplemented with 0.25% sodium succinate (Succinate). The results showed that PM and P. copri treatments significantly improved laying rate compared to the PC (P < 0.05). The amount of lipid droplet was notably decreased by PM, P. copri, and Succinate treatments at week 4 and decreased by P. copri at week 8 (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the plasma TG level in Succinate group was lower than that of PC (P < 0.05). Hepatic TG content, however, was not significantly influenced at week 4 and 8 (P > 0.05). PM treatment increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of genes PGC-1β and APB-5B at week 4, and ACC and CPT-1 at week 8. The results indicated enhanced antioxidant activities at week 8, as evidenced by reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level and improved antioxidant enzymes activities in PM and Succinate groups (P < 0.05). Supplementing with Prevotella or succinate can alter the cecal microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of Prevotella in the Succinate group was significantly higher than that in the other 4 groups at the family and genus levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOral intake of Prevotella and dietary supplementation of succinate can ameliorate lipid metabolism of laying hens. The beneficial effect of Prevotella is consistent across different species. The finding highlights that succinate, the primary metabolite of Prevotella, represents a more feasible feed additive for alleviating fatty liver in laying hens.

A126 IMPACT OF TIME OF DAY ON PROCEDURAL OUTCOMES IN ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP): ANALYSIS FROM A TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER

Abstract Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established diagnostic and therapeutic tool for hepatobiliary disease. Given its technical demands, it remains one of the highest-risk endoscopic procedures. Addressing modifiable factors, such as operator fatigue, may mitigate procedural risk. In colonoscopy, there is conflicting data on whether procedure time of day, as a surrogate of operator fatigue, affects outcomes, with some literature demonstrating decreased procedure completion and polyp detection rates in the afternoon. There is a paucity of data evaluating this potential relationship in ERCP. Aims To evaluate the impact of procedure time of day on procedural success and short-term adverse outcomes in patients undergoing ERCP. Methods A retrospective review of ERCP's performed on adult patients at our tertiary referral center from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 was performed. The primary outcome was the procedural success rate, defined as successful navigation to the papilla, selective duct cannulation and cholangiography, and realization of the intended therapeutic goals. Secondary outcomes included procedure duration, rate of deep ductal cannulation, rate of sphincterotomy, and short-term (30-day) adverse events (immediate bleeding, delayed bleeding, pancreatitis, perforation). Statistical analysis was conducted using R. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test of independence or Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables were compared using T-tests or the Mann-Whitney-U test. Results A total of 5755 ERCP’s were performed between 8 AM – 6 PM; 2863 were performed before 12PM (AM group) and 2892 after 12PM (PM group). Baseline characteristics were similar between the two cohorts, with the exception of hypertension (33.7% AM vs 30.1% PM; p=0.003), and anticoagulation (20.3% AM vs 18.3% PM; p=0.05). In both groups, the most common ERCP indication was choledocholithiasis. The primary operators in both cohorts were clinical fellows. There was no difference in procedural success rate (87.0 % AM vs 86.7% PM; p = 0.72), procedure duration (33.6 minutes AM vs 32.9 minutes PM; p = 0.29), rates of deep cannulation (82.6% AM vs 83.0% PM; p = 0.81) and sphincterotomies (63.2% vs 62.7%; p = 0.68). Rate of adverse events were similar, with slightly higher rates of immediate bleeding in the AM group (5.0% AM vs 3.8% PM; p = 0.03). Results were similar in a subgroup analysis of patients with altered anatomy. Conclusions In this large retrospective review of ERCPs performed at a tertiary referral center, the procedure time of day did not impact procedural success rate. There were slightly higher rates of immediate bleeding in the AM group, though this may be explained by higher rates of anticoagulation in that group. Funding Agencies None

A composite PET-matrix patch enhances tendon regeneration and tendon-to-bone integration for bridging repair of the chronic massive rotator cuff tears in a rabbit model.

In recent years, bridging repair has emerged as an effective approach for the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs). The objective of this study was to develop a composite patch that combines superior mechanical strength and biocompatibility and evaluate its potential for enhancing the outcomes of bridging repair for MRCTs. The composite patch, referred to as the PET-matrix patch (PM), was fabricated by immersing a plain-woven PET patch in decellularized matrix gel and utilizing the freeze-drying technique. The results demonstrated that the PM has reliable mechanical properties, with a maximum failure load of up to 480 N. The decellularized matrix sponge (DMS), present on the surface of the PM, displayed a loose and porous structure, with an average pore size of 62.51 μm and a porosity of 95.43%. In vitro experiments showed significant elongation of tenocytes on the DMS, with cells spanning across multiple pores and extending multiple protrusions as observed on SEM images. In contrast, tenocytes on the PET patch appeared smaller in size and lacked significant elongation. Additionally, the DMS facilitated the proliferation, migration and differentiation of tenocytes. In a rabbit model of chronic MRCTs, the PM group showed superior outcomes compared to the PET group at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after bridging repair. The PM group displayed significantly higher tendon maturing score, larger collagen diameter in the regenerated tendon and improved tendon-to-bone healing scores compared to the PET group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the maximum failure load of the tendon-bone complex in the PM group was significantly higher than that in the PET group (P < 0.05). In summary, the PM possesses reliable mechanical properties and excellent cytocompatibility, which can significantly improve the outcomes of bridging repair for chronic MRCTs in rabbits. Therefore, it holds great potential for clinical applications.

Effects of fine particulate matter on bone mass and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice

To observe the effects of exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) on bone mass, microstructure, biomechanical properties, and osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) in mice. A total of 16 C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group(NS group) and PM_(2.5) exposure group(PM group). NS group was given normal saline, PM group was given 14 mg/kg PM_(2.5) suspension, 50 μL, poisoning every 3 day. After 10 weeks, the lungs of mice were taken for HE staining, and the left tibia was taken for Micro CT detection to analyze parameters related to cancellous and cortical bone. The right tibia was taken for HE staining to observe changes in bone trabeculae. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect type I collagen(Col I), osteoprotegerin(OPG), and nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand(RANKL) protein expression, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining for detection of osteoclasts. Extract primary BMSCs from bilateral femurs, induce osteogenesis, and then perform alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining to detect ALP activity, alizarin red staining to detect bone mineralization ability, real-time PCR to detect osteocalcin(OCN), ALP, OPG, and RANKL mRNA expression, and biomechanical testing to test the mechanical properties of the femur. Compared with the NS group, the pulmonary alveolar structure of the PM group mice was disrupted and a large number of inflammatory cells gathered. Prompt for successful PM_(2.5) poisoning operation. Micro CT result showed that the bone mineral density(BMD) and bone volume fraction(BV/TV) of the PM group mice were 276.959±15.152 mg/cm~3 and 0.208%±0.009%, respectively. The NS group had 316.709±28.205 mg/cm~3 and 0.236%±0.019%, respectively. The PM group was lower than the NS group(P&lt;0.05), but the trabecular number(Tb. N) There was no statistically significant difference in parameters such as trabecular thickness(Tb. Th) and trabecular separation(Tb. SP)(P&gt;0.05). The HE staining result of the tibia showed that the trabeculae in the NS group were thick, dense, and uniform. The bone trabeculae in the PM group were slender, with a decrease in number, widened spacing, and sparse arrangement. The expression of Col I(0.023±0.009) and OPG(0.036±0.010) in the PM group increased compared to the NS group(0.079±0.007, 0.059±0.012), while the expression of RANKL(0.036±0.006) decreased compared to the NS group(0.022±0.002)(P&lt;0.05); The number of TRAP positive particles increased in the PM group. The experimental result after osteoinduction of BMSCs in mice showed that compared with the NS group, the PM group had a decrease in the number of ALP positive cells and a decrease in the number of calcium nodules. The relative expression of ALP, OCN, and OPG mRNA in the PM group(0.375±0.021, 0.585±0.088, 0.768±0.112) was significantly reduced compared to the NS group(1.001±0.043, 1.006±0.132, 1.002±0.086), while the relative expression of RANKL mRNA(1.278±0.118) was increased compared to the NS group(1.001±0.057)(P&lt;0.05). The biomechanical experimental result showed that the maximum deflection of the NS group was 0.337±0.031 mm, while the maximum deflection of the PM group was 0.258±0.041 mm. Compared with the NS group, the maximum deflection of the PM group decreased significantly(P&lt;0.05), and the maximum stress and maximum load showed a decreasing trend, but the difference was not statistically significant(P&gt;0.05). After 10 weeks of exposure to PM_(2.5), it can affect the bone health of mice, and its mechanism may be related to increased osteoclast activity and inhibition of the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs.

Effect of Unexpected Prolonged Fasting on Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery under Spinal Anaesthesia: An Observational Study

Introduction: Preoperative fasting is a standard practice aimed at minimising the risk of pulmonary aspiration during surgery. However, patients often experience prolonged fasting periods beyond the recommended duration due to unanticipated delays in the operating theatre, communication failures between teams, inadequate preoperative planning and other factors. Aim: To investigate the effects of unexpectedly prolonged fasting on intraoperative and postoperative parameters in patients undergoing elective surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from October 2023 to June 2024 at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The study included 70 patients undergoing elective surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (AM group, n=35), scheduled for surgery between 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM and Group B (PM group, n=35), scheduled for surgery after 12:00 PM or with delayed surgeries. Intraoperative parameters, including Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Heart Rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and random blood glucose levels, were recorded at specific time points. Postoperative outcomes, such as nausea, vomiting and random blood glucose levels, were also assessed. Continuous and discrete variables were summarised as mean±SD and median, while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Associations between categorical variables were tested using Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s-exact test, with p-values&lt;0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The PM group exhibited higher preoperative random blood glucose levels (102.3±18.7 mg/dL) compared to the AM group (89.2±12.5 mg/dL). Postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in 5 (14.3%) patients in the AM group and 11 (31.4%) patients in the PM group. Both groups showed a gradual decrease in MAP and HR from the preoperative period to 30 minutes after spinal anaesthesia administration, with slightly higher values noted in the PM group. No significant differences in SpO2 were observed between the groups. Conclusion: Unexpected prolonged fasting before elective surgery under spinal anaesthesia may contribute to higher preoperative blood glucose levels and an increased risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. These findings underscore the importance of adhering to preoperative fasting guidelines and exploring potential strategies to minimise prolonged fasting periods, such as carbohydrate loading or allowing clear fluids closer to surgery

Monolithic hybrid abutment crowns: Influence of crown height, crown morphology and material on the implant-abutment complex.

This in vitro study investigated the influence of material selection, crown morphology, and vertical crown height on the biomechanical behavior of monolithic hybrid abutment crowns (HACs). Ninety implants were embedded in accordance with ISO standard 14801; ninety HACs were mounted (N=90). Monolithic crowns with varying group-specific designs were luted using titanium bases. HACs were fabricated from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic (LD) or zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS). The crown morphology was either maxillary premolar (LD_PM, ZLS_PM) or molar (LD_MO). The three groups were further divided into three subgroups of ten specimens, each designed with a small (7.5 mm), middle (10.5 mm), and high (13.5 mm) configuration of crown heights (N=10). A load-to-failure test at 30° off-axis was conducted using a universal testing machine until failure. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted (P < 0.05). All LD_MO groups presented the highest failure values (808.7 to 947.9 N), followed by the LD_PM (525.8 to 722.8 N) and ZLS_PM groups (312.6 to 478.8N). A comparison between LD and ZLS materials (P < 0.001) as well as the crown morphology (P < 0.001) showed significant differences in failure values. The values in the subgroups of ZLS_PM (low, middle, high) decreased as the crown height increased. The fracture modes showed no consistent patterns across the test groups. Material selection, crown morphology, and vertical crown height appear to be important factors that may influence the clinical failure values and patterns of HACs.

Разработка мероприятий по совершенствованию медико-социальной реабилитации больных параноидной шизофренией

Aim. To substantiate the implementation effectiveness differential programs medical and social rehabilitation voluntarily hospitalized patients with paranoid schizophrenia to reduce the hospitalizations number. Design. Comparative prospective study. Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, the retrograde duration and anterograde observation was ≥ 3 years. Based on the clinical study clinical and social determinants, three patient’s groups were identified depending on the identified motives for self-seeking psychiatric care: a paranoid motive group (PM) associated with delusional behavior (35%); nonrare psychopathological motives group (NPM) associated with other mental disorders not associated with delusional symptoms (38%); non-psychopathological motives group (NM) not associated with psychopathological symptoms (27%). Further, based on the clinical indicators compliance assessment according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) with the social adaptation level according to the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), patients groups were identified based on the disease clinical picture, cognitive, negative and positive symptoms, as well as adaptation potential, social functioning level and life indicators quality: compensated group (compensation in clinical and social aspects — 15%); decompensated group (clinical and social decompensation — 53%); adapted group (severe clinical disorders with satisfactory social compensation — 20%); conflict group (mild clinical manifestations (the non-psychotic register disorders) and severe social decompensation — 12%). Results. Based on the clinical indicators compliance assessment with the social functioning level for various groups of patient’s social adaptation, differential programs have been developed aimed at reducing the hospitalizations number, including various psychosocial interventions kinds. The psychotic attacks frequency in the PM group did not change significantly with a sufficiently significant decrease in the independent requests number for psychiatric care from 1.6 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.3 (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95). In the NPM group, both the psychotic attacks frequency and the number of independent visits decreased (in both cases, t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95). In the NM group, it was not possible to achieve a statistically significant decrease in the independent requests number for psychiatric care with an observed significant decrease in the psychotic attacks frequency (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95). The hospitalizations duration in the NPM and NM groups was significantly reduced (72 ± 9 to 67 ± 6 and 38 ± 4 to 34 ± 6 bed days (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95), respectively) while simultaneously increasing the outpatient treatment days’ number from 53 ± 4 to 59 ± 9 and from 42 ± 8 to 48 ± 6 (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95), respectively. At the same time, the remission increased duration only in the NPM group from 0.62 ± 0.25 to 0.73 ± 0.19 year (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95). Clinically, the affective (depressive) symptoms severity according to the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia decreased in the NPM and NM groups (10.2 ± 1.4 to 9.0 ± 1.6 score and 7.3 ± 0.8 to 6.6 ± 0.9 score (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95), respectively), and the psychopathological symptoms severity according to the PANSS scale significantly decreased only in the NM group from 91 ± 4 to 87 ± 6 scores (t &gt; 2, p &gt; 0.95). Conclusion. Basically, the clinical and social medical care for patients with paranoid schizophrenia are the synergistic complementarity psychiatric care and social rehabilitation, mandatory psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational support for medicines prescriptions. Keywords: voluntary hospitalization, paranoid schizophrenia, medical and social rehabilitation, psychosocial interventions, number of hospitalizations, social adaptation.