Pluronic Surfactant Research Articles

Highly Ordered Gyroid Nanostructured Polymers: Facile Fabrication by Polymerizable Pluronic Surfactants.

Highly ordered, network-nanostructured polymers offer compelling geometric features and application potential. However, their practical utilization is hampered by the restricted accessibility. Here, we address this challenge using commercial Pluronic surfactants with a straightforward modification of tethering polymerizable groups. By leveraging lyotropic self-assembly, we achieve facile production of double-gyroid mesophases, which are subsequently solidified via photoinduced cross-linking. The exceptionally ordered periodicities of Ia3d symmetry in the photocured polymers are unambiguously confirmed by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which can capture single-crystal-like diffraction patterns. Electron density maps reconstructed from SAXS data complemented by transmission electron microscopy analysis further elucidate the real-space gyroid assemblies. Intriguingly, by tuning the cross-linking through thiol-acrylate chemistry, the mechanical properties of the polymer are modulated without compromising the integrity of Ia3d assemblies. The 3-D percolating gyroid nanochannels demonstrate an ionic conductivity that surpasses that of disordered structures, offering promising prospects for scalable fabrication.

Homoselective Synthesis of tetrazoles and chemoselective oxidation of sulfides using Ni(II)-Schiff base complex stabilized on 3-dimensional mesoporous KIT-6 surface as a recyclable nanocatalyst

Mesoporous silica with thick expanded walls, open porosity, and excellent thermal stability is a relatively new structure known as KIT-6. In this study, KIT-6 mesoporous was synthesized by using pluronic surfactant P123 as a modulator in an acidic environment. The synthesized KIT-6 was then modified by 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (3-CPTMS) and finally, the nickel metal complex was fixed on the modified mesoporous KIT-6. IR, BET, XRD, EDS, SEM, AAS, and TGA methods were employed to examine the as-prepared catalyst. The proposed catalyst was then used for selective sulfides oxidation and preparation of tetrazole derivatives. The synthesized catalyst was found to be efficient and practical as it produced organic compounds in proper TOF and TON amounts, demonstrating the catalyst's practicality and efficiency.

Enhanced Removal of Photoresist Films through Swelling and Dewetting Using Pluronic Surfactants.

Organic photoresist coatings, primarily composed of resins, are commonly used in the electronics industry to protect inorganic underlayers. Conventional photoresist strippers, such as amine-type agents, have shown high removal performance but led to environmental impact and substrate corrosiveness. Therefore, this trade-off must be addressed. In this study, we characterized the removal mechanism of a photoresist film using a nonionic triblock Pluronic surfactant [poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)] in a ternary mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and water. In particular, the removal dynamics determined by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring was compared with those determined by performing confocal laser scanning microscopy and visual observation to analyze the morphology, adsorption mass, and viscoelasticity of the photoresist film. In the absence of the Pluronic surfactant, the photoresist film in the ternary solvent exhibited a three-step process: (i) film swelling caused by the penetration of a good solvent (EC and PC), (ii) formation of photoresist particles through dewetting, and (iii) particle aggregation on the substrate. This result was correlated to the Hansen solubility parameters. The addition of the Pluronic surfactant not only prevented photoresist aggregation in the third step but also promoted desorption from the substrate. This effect was dependent on the concentration of the Pluronic surfactant, which influenced diffusion to the interface between the photoresist and the bulk solution. Finally, we proposed a novel photoresist stripping mechanism based on the synergy between dewetting driven by an EC/PC-to-water mixture and adsorption by the Pluronic surfactant.

Synergistic Effect of Selenium Dioxide for Better Photocatalytic Performance of Conventional Semiconductors Distributed into Mesoporous SBA‐15

AbstractThe mesoporous SBA‐15 was synthesized in acidic conditions by hydrothermal method using Pluronic surfactant P123. A combination of SeO2, TiO2, and CuO was loaded in SBA‐15 in pairs or singly. Synthesized SBA‐15 and some loaded mesoporous materials were characterized using several standard techniques. The efficiency of the synthesized photocatalysts was verified for the decomposition of two different dyes (methylene blue (MB) and methyl green (MG)) under ultraviolet and visible light radiation. The results show that the synthesized photocatalyst based on SBA‐15 with 5 % by weight of TiO2 and 5 % by weight of SeO2 has better performance (about 98 % of MB or MG were degraded within 120 min under UV radiation). Also, the photocatalyst with 5 % by weight of SeO2 and 5 % by weight of CuO shows a good performance for the degradation of the dyes under visible irradiation in the presence of H2O2 (complete elimination of MB and MG within 150 and 75 min, respectively). The scavenging test shows that superoxide has a governing role for the degradation of the dyes. The photocatalysts are reusable and they could preserve more than 74 % of the efficiency following 4 times of consecutive use for the degradation of the dyes.

Obtaining hydrogen by steam reforming of residual glycerol from biodiesel production using Ni/La2O3-CeO2 catalysts

Ni/La2O3-CeO2 catalysts derived from perovskite-type precursors, with La1−xCexNiO3 composition (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), were prepared by the precipitation method, without and with the use of Pluronic F-127 surfactant. The materials were characterized using techniques including thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction with H2. The presence of Ce and use of the surfactant resulted in samples with smaller NiO crystallites and lower reduction temperature, with the catalysts A2 (La0.9Ce0.1NiO3 + P) and A6 (LaNiO3 + P) showing the highest percentages of the LaNiO3 phase, according to XRD and TPR analyses. The glycerol conversions were high (above 96%) and similar for all the catalysts, except A5 (LaNiO3). Although the samples prepared with Ce addition did not show the best selectivity towards H2, their use led to lower carbon formation during the reaction (%C = 2.2), compared to the sample with the best catalytic performance (%C = 8.0). Overall, the materials studied here were stable and active during 5 h of reaction, with low coke formation in all cases. The findings indicated that perovskite-type catalysts synthesized with the addition of surfactant are promising for application in the steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production.

Corn stover‐derived porous carbon for asymmetric supercapacitors

AbstractIn this investigation, hydrothermal liquefaction‐derived hydrochar from pulverized corn stover (avg. particle size 1.12 mm and ash content 6.75 wt%) is chemically activated with aqueous KOH in the presence of Pluronic F127 surfactant and thermally treated further up to 800°C to generate porous carbon (POC) with higher specific surface area and porosity. POC obtained under different processing conditions is thoroughly characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Metallic impurity present in POC is characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Higher specific surface area POC is observed with the use of the surfactant during the activation process. Fully characterized POC is used with (Mn, Ti)‐mixed oxide electrode to fabricate asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). Specific capacitance of ASC is measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique using Gamry G‐300 potentiostat/galvanostat/ZRA. CV plots are obtained with different voltage scan rates whereas galvanostatic charge‐discharge plots are studied by varying the current density. Renewable corn stover‐derived POC prepared using Pluronic F127/KOH activation method is found to be highly suitable as an electrode material because of higher capacitance and electrochemical stability over 100 charging‐discharging cycles.

Nonionic surfactant-templated mesoporous silica as supports for nickel active catalysts in liquid phase organic compounds oxidation

Three surfactants were selected from a series of EOx/POy/EOx triblock copolymers and ethoxylated octylphenol as nonionic templating agents for the synthesis of silica mesoporous materials at room temperature and by hydrothermal treatment. The surfactants were ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide tri-block copolymers (Pluronic F68) and a polydisperse ethoxylated octylphenol (Triton X-100). The obtained materials were compared with SBA-15 mesoporous silica synthesized with Pluronic P123 surfactant and were used as support to obtain Ni and NiTi-silica catalysts (2.5% NiO, 5% TiO2). The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Catalytic and photocatalytic activity of Ni and NiTi-silica samples were tested, with and without H2O2, for phenol and Brilliant Blue FCF dye oxidative degradation in the liquid phase. The obtained results showed a significant effect of surfactant on silica structure, morphology and texture, and catalytic and photocatalytic properties.

Anti-adsorption Mechanism of Photoresist by Pluronic Surfactants: An Insight into Their Adsorbed Structure.

Photoresist stripping is the final step in the photolithography process that forms fine patterns for electronic devices. Recently, a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) has attracted attention as a new stripper based on its eco-friendliness and anti-corrosiveness. However, the EC/PC mixture causes re-adsorption of the photoresist during a process of subsequent water rinsing. In this study, we characterized the adsorption/desorption of the photoresist and a triblock Pluronic surfactant [poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)] as a blocking agent on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. In addition, we evaluated the dispersion of photoresist particles. The photoresist polymer formed a thin and rigid adsorption layer on an ITO substrate in the EC/PC mixture. When water was injected into the EC/PC mixture and the photoresist solutions, the photoresist polymer aggregated and was then deposited on the substrate. In contrast, the addition of Pluronic surfactant F-68 (PEO79PPO30PEO79) into the EC/PC mixture remarkably decreased the residual amount of the photoresist on the ITO after water injection. This variation was attributed to the PEO blocks of F-68 extended to the solution phase, whereas the PPO blocks of F-68 functioned as anchors for adsorption onto the photoresist. Therefore, the F-68-adsorbed layer prevented interaction between the photoresist particles or the photoresist and the ITO surface, which provides potential for future applications as new stripping agents with high removal performance.

Electroless Deposition of Silver onto Silica Nanoparticles to Produce Lipophilic Core-Shell Nanoparticles

HypothesisThe colloidal stability of noble metal nanoparticles can be tuned for solvents of varying hydrophobicity by modifying the surface chemistry of the particles with different capping agent architectures. Challenges arise when attempting to separately control multiple nanoparticle properties due to the interdependence of this adsorption process on the surface chemistry and metal architecture. A surfactant-mediated, templated synthesis strategy should decouple control over size and stability to produce lipophilic nanoparticles from aqueous reagents. ExperimentsA modified electroless plating process that produces oil-dispersible core–shell silver-silica nanoparticles is presented. Amine-terminated alkanes are utilized as the capping agents to generate lipophilic surface coatings and the particles are temporarily stabilized during the synthesis by adding a Pluronic surfactant that enhances dispersibility in the aqueous reaction medium. The evolution of shell morphology, composition, and colloidal stability was analyzed against capping agent architecture and concentration. The role of particle shape was also tested by interchanging the template geometry. FindingsThe capping agents installed on the silver shell surface displayed both colloidal stability enhancements and a minimum effective capping concentration that is a function of molecular weight without influencing the shell composition. Particle geometry can be controlled by interchanging the silica template size and shape.

Effects of ionic liquid on micellar aggregate formed by pluronic (F-127) and non-ionic surfactant (TX-100) in aqueous solution

Although ionic liquids have a great deal of application, a few of the most popular ones are in separations, battery electrolyte development, and electrocatalysis. The synergistic interaction between surface-active ionic liquid (1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, SAIL) and pluronic (F-127)/non-ionic surfactant (TX-100) has been investigated at 298.15 K. The examined mixture's critical micelle concentration (cmc) values for various compositions are significantly lower than those of pure amphiphiles (due to the strong attractive interaction between components). In this study, the surface tension method was used to calculate the cmc values of single and mixed amphiphiles. The mole fractions of the components in the mixed micelle as well as the mixed monolayer and interaction parameter were specified by regular solution theory (RST) using the data from experimental observations. Several thermodynamic parameters were also calculated for the mixed micellization of SAIL with F-127/TX-100. In the current mixed systems, the data obtained show that the ΔGM and ΔGIdealM are negative while ΔSM is positive, implying a spontaneous process of micellization. Using Maeda's theory, it was found that the stability of mixed micelles in these systems depended profoundly on chain-chain interactions. UV-visible spectroscopy further supports the positive interaction between SAIL and nonionic surfactants. The SAIL absorption spectra demonstrate an increase in absorption with increasing surfactant concentrations without any shift, supporting the creation of a new complex. The F-127+SAIL mixture has a higher binding constant value, indicating that SAIL interacts with pluronic more effectively.

Antifouling Properties of Pluronic and Tetronic Surfactants in Digital Microfluidics.

Fouling at liquid-solid interfaces is a pernicious problem for a wide range of applications, including those that are implemented by digital microfluidics (DMF). There are several strategies that have been used to combat surface fouling in DMF, the most common being inclusion of amphiphilic surfactant additives in the droplets to be manipulated. Initial studies relied on Pluronic additives, and more recently, Tetronic additives have been used, which has allowed manipulation of complex samples like serum and whole blood. Here, we report our evaluation of 19 different Pluronic and Tetronic additives, with attempts to determine (1) the difference in antifouling performance between the two families, (2) the structural similarities that predict exceptional antifouling performance, and (3) the mechanism of the antifouling behavior. Our analysis shows that both Pluronic and Tetronic additives with modest molar mass, poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) ≥50 units, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) mass percentage ≤50%, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) ca. 13-15 allow for exceptional antifouling performance in DMF. The most promising candidates, P104, P105, and T904, were able to support continuous movement of droplets of serum for more than 2 h, a result (for devices operating in air) previously thought to be out of reach for this technique. Additional results generated using device longevity assays, intrinsic fluorescence measurements, dynamic light scattering, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance measurements suggest that the best-performing surfactants are more likely to operate by forming a protective layer at the liquid-solid interface than by complexation with proteins. We propose that these results and their implications are an important step forward for the growing community of users of this technique, which may provide guidance in selecting surfactants for manipulating biological matrices for a wide range of applications.

Highly Stable White Light Emission from III-Nitride Nanowire LEDs Utilizing Nanostructured Alumina-Doped Mn4+ and Mg2.

In this report, red-emitting alumina nanophosphors doped with Mn4+ and Mg2+ (Al2O3:Mn4+, Mg2+) are synthesized by a hydrothermal method using a Pluronic surfactant. The prepared samples are ceramic-sintered at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction shows that Al2O3:Mn4+, Mg2+ annealed at 500 °C exhibits a cubic γ-Al2O3 phase with the space group Fd3m-227. The tetragonal δ-Al2O3 and rhombohedral α-Al2O3 phase is obtained at 1000 and 1300 °C, respectively. Cube-like nanoparticles in a size of ∼40 nm are observed for the alumina heated at 500-1000 °C. The size and red-emitting intensity of the phosphors remarkably increased with annealed temperature ∼1300 °C. Emission spectra of the phosphors show strong peaks at 678 and 692 nm due to 2 E g → 4 A 2 transitions of the Mn4+ ion, under a light excitation of 460 nm. A strong zero-phonon line (ZPL) emission is observed in the luminescence spectra of δ-Al2O3:Mn4+, Mg2+ at 298 K, whereas a weak one is observed in those of α- and γ-Al2O3:Mn4+, Mg2+. The alumina phosphors exhibited an excellent waterproof ability during 60 days in water and good thermal stability in the range of 77-573 K. A warm-white light-emitting diode (WLED) fabricated using In x Ga1-x N nanowire chips with Al2O3:Mn4+, Mg2+ red-emitting nanophosphors presents a high color rendering index of ∼95.1 and a low correlated color temperature of ∼4998 K. Moreover, the current-voltage characteristic of the nanowire LEDs could be improved using Al2O3:Mn4+, Mg2+ nanophosphors which is attributed to the increased heat dissipation in the nanowire LEDs.

Adsorptive remediation of aqueous inorganic mercury with surfactant enhanced bismuth sulfide nanoparticles

Heavy metal contamination in water is a growing threat, endangering the environmental stability. Mercury (Hg) is one of the most lethal heavy metals damaging the immune and nervous system irreversibly. A novel synthetic route to prepare bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles in presence of the surfactant Pluronic (P123) was illustrated in this work. The sorption of Hg (II) by the nanoparticles was investigated. The surfactant assisted nanoparticles showed enhanced surface area and potential compared to the unmodified ones. The effects of adsorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, and temperature were investigated. The maximum Hg (II) adsorption capacity for the surfactant enhanced Bi2S3 was 832 mg/g at 303 K and pH 5. The distribution coefficient (Kd) of the order ∼106 ml/g indicated high selectivity of the synthesized adsorbent toward mercury ions. Chemisorption was identified to be the dominant mechanism of adsorption. The adsorbent also showed excellent reusability (>95%) after 5 cycles. The transport parameters involved in the adsorption, the effective pore diffusivity (Dp: 7.36 × 10−12 m2/s) and the mass transfer coefficient (kf: 1.52 × 10−6 m/s) were estimated from a first principle-based model.

Stoichiometric metal nitration based novel green synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides and their enhanced heterogeneity

In this work, a general and novel method for the green synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides via stoichiometric metal nitration has been demonstrated. Pluronic surfactants and their effect on synthesis procedures in terms of surface area have been experimentally studied in detail. Contrary to the traditional synthesis procedure, water has been utilized as the solvent and in several cases, such as tin oxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and silver either the highest or comparable surface areas have been successfully synthesized. Through XRD, and TEM, all materials were observed to be crystalline except silver and magnesium oxide. SEM shows that with an increase in surfactant molar mass agglomeration decreases. Ammonia chemisorption on acidic materials gives quantitative amounts of ammonia chemical bonding with catalysts, whereas carbon dioxide chemisorption gives a quantitative value of CO2 chemical binding with basic sites. As high as 1901.8 μmol/g and 994.6 μmol/g ammonia chemisorption values for oxides of vanadium and tin were achieved. Amphoteric materials give both acidic and basic enhanced adsorption. Finally, all synthesized materials are studied under organic catalytic transformations. Benzyl bromide is theoretically more active compared with benzylamine and benzyl alcohol which was also experimentally shown through the conversion.

Pre-irradiation of surfactants to enhance their capacity to solubilise drugs and dyes

The present work has used pre-irradiation of surfactants in order to enhance their capacity to solubilize hydrophobic drugs and dyes. Aqueous solution of two pluronic surfactants viz., F-127 and P-123 were subjected to gamma radiation. These irradiated surfactant solutions were used to solubilize five drugs such as ornidazole, tinidazole, ciprofloxacin, aceclofenac, and methylparaben, and two dyes, methyl orange and eosin yellow. Their capacity for enhancing solubilisation was compared with that of unirradiated surfactants. The irradiated surfactant solutions displayed 0.88%–31.9% higher solubilisation compared to unirradiated surfactant solutions. This phenomenon of enhancement in solubility is explained through changes in the physical properties like decreased surface tension and increased hydrodynamic radius in irradiated block polymeric surfactants. Irradiation of surfactants for enhancing their capacity to solubilize hydrophobic chemical entities has been used for the first time.

Ionically Complexed Nanoparticles for Heparin Oral Delivery

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/37505/large/prnano_812022ga_2.jpg?1661898072”> Ionically complexed nanoparticles were prepared from an anionic polysaccharide drug, heparin, entrapped by a positively charged chitosan polysaccharide. In this study, the encapsulation of heparin was studied to optimize properties needed for its oral drug delivery. Chitosan, used in a variety of biomedical applications, was selected as a cationic polymer for heparin encapsulation. These particles were prepared with a slightly positive charge and an appropriate size for oral drug delivery. The release profiles of these ionically complexed nanoparticles were improved by using FDA approved stabilizers, such as pluronic non-ionic surfactant and polyvinyl alcohol. These results obtained in vitro suggest that these stabilized, ionically complexed nanoparticles may be well-suited for the oral drug delivery of heparin into the gastrointestinal tract.

Comparison between Nanoparticle Encapsulation and Surface Loading for Lysosomal Enzyme Replacement Therapy.

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) enhance the delivery of therapeutic enzymes for replacement therapy of lysosomal storage disorders. Previous studies examined NPs encapsulating or coated with enzymes, but these formulations have never been compared. We examined this using hyaluronidase (HAse), deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis IX, and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), deficient in types A–B Niemann–Pick disease. Initial screening of size, PDI, ζ potential, and loading resulted in the selection of the Lactel II co-polymer vs. Lactel I or Resomer, and Pluronic F68 surfactant vs. PVA or DMAB. Enzyme input and addition of carrier protein were evaluated, rendering NPs having, e.g., 181 nm diameter, 0.15 PDI, −36 mV ζ potential, and 538 HAse molecules encapsulated per NP. Similar NPs were coated with enzyme, which reduced loading (e.g., 292 HAse molecules/NP). NPs were coated with targeting antibodies (> 122 molecules/NP), lyophilized for storage without alterations, and acceptably stable at physiological conditions. NPs were internalized, trafficked to lysosomes, released active enzyme at lysosomal conditions, and targeted both peripheral organs and the brain after i.v. administration in mice. While both formulations enhanced enzyme delivery compared to free enzyme, encapsulating NPs surpassed coated counterparts (18.4- vs. 4.3-fold enhancement in cells and 6.2- vs. 3-fold enhancement in brains), providing guidance for future applications.

Adsorption and Desorption of Photoresist with Pluronic Surfactant:

Adsorption and Desorption of Photoresist with Pluronic Surfactant:

Development of Multi-Scale Carbon Nanofiber and Nanotube-Based Cementitious Composites for Reliable Sensing of Tensile Stresses

In this work, multi-scale cementitious composites containing short carbon fibers (CFs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied for their tensile stress sensing properties. CF-based composites were prepared by mixing 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 wt.% CFs (of cement) with water using magnetic stirring and Pluronic F-127 surfactant and adding the mixture to the cement paste. In multi-scale composites, CNFs/MWCNTs (0.1 and 0.15 wt.% of cement) were dispersed in water using Pluronic F-127 and ultrasonication and CFs were then added before mixing with the cement paste. All composites showed a reversible change in the electrical resistivity with tensile loading; the electrical resistivity increased and decreased with the increase and decrease in the tensile load/stress, respectively. Although CF-based composites showed the highest stress sensitivity among all specimens at 0.25% CF content, the fractional change in resistivity (FCR) did not show a linear correlation with the tensile load/stress. On the contrary, multi-scale composites containing CNFs (0.15% CNFs with 0.75% CFs) and MWCNTs (0.1% MWCNTs with 0.5% CFs) showed good stress sensitivity, along with a linear correlation between FCR and tensile load/stress. Stress sensitivities of 6.36 and 11.82%/MPa were obtained for the best CNF and MWCNT-based multi-scale composite sensors, respectively.

Experimental Studies on the Removal of Aluminium Ions from Synthetic Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatites.

In this work we have presented the results obtained in the adsorption behavior of hydroxyapatite with different treatment towards aluminium ions from synthetic wastewaters. Experiments were performed in batch technique at different pH values, temperatures, sorbent dosage, contact time and initial aluminium concentration. The thermodynamic studies on the adsorption process of aluminium onto hydroxyapatite indicated that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Flory-Huggins, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin equilibrium models were applied to the description of experimental data. The adsorption of aluminium follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The kinetics of adsorption was evaluated using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The rate of aluminium adsorption was successfully described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The obtained results indicated that hydroxyapatite treated with Pluronic P123 surfactant has a higher sorption capacity toward aluminium ions (117.65 mg g-1) than hydroxyapatite treated with Pluronic F127 surfactant (109.89 mg g-1) while untreated hydroxyapatite exhibited the lowest one (104.17 mg g-1).