Pluralism In Indonesia Research Articles

Multicultural Education and Its Relevance to the Goals of Islamic Education

Islamic education prioritizes how to develop cognitive, affective, and also human emotions while still based on Islamic teachings. It is all for no other purpose than to explore Islam in individual and group life. The connection between Islamic and multicultural education will be a solution to the reality of various cultures as a form of potential development process that respects plurality and heterogeneity as a consequence of cultural, ethnic, tribal, and religious diversity. The existence of cultural plurality in Indonesia makes multicultural education very urgent. The focus of this research is on how the nature of multicultural education and its relevance to the goals of Islamic education. This is based on research that has been done before on Multicultural Education and the Nature of Islamic Education Goals, the author took the initiative to conduct research by analyzing the two studies to find common ground between multicultural education and Islamic education goals so that it can be known how the relevance between the two. The results of this study show that multicultural education is relevant to the goals of Islamic education, which essentially both have the aim of forming a peaceful and harmonious life in the midst of a society where there are differences in religion, ethnicity, tribe, language, and culture.

Study of Living Law and its Implication in the Formation of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in the Era of Decentralization of Indonesian Laws

This study explores the implications of living law in the formation of Indonesia's Criminal Code during the era of legal decentralization. Living law, comprising unwritten customs and traditions, continues to play a vital role in many Indonesian communities, particularly in the context of criminal justice. The research employs a juridical analysis and case study approach, focusing on regions where adat law (customary law) significantly influences legal practices. The findings reveal both the benefits and challenges of integrating living law into the formal legal system. While living law enhances cultural relevance and community-based justice, it also introduces concerns about legal fragmentation and potential conflicts with national human rights standards. The study recommends selective incorporation of living law into the Criminal Code, along with efforts to codify regional customs to ensure consistency and legal certainty. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on legal pluralism in Indonesia, offering insights into the future of criminal law reform in a decentralized system.

Multiculturalism Insight Based on Qur’an and its Relevance to Plurality in Indonesia

The article reveals the concept of multiculturalism in the Koran. Multiculturalism is necessary for dialogue, dialogue patterns, interaction, and cross-faith cooperation. And their significance within the pluralistic framework of Indonesian society. For this reason, various approaches to studying the Quran are applied to uncover the true meaning of the Koran. For tracking the relevance of Qur'anic concepts to the context of Indonesian pluralism, the Living Qur'an approach is used. Based on these approaches, diversity is a necessity that must be proactive and ethical in an ongoing dialogue, not a reactive, artificial, and sentimental dialogue. Another finding is utilizing historical treasures in Islam called taqiyya. Even though Muslims (Shia-Sunni) differ in their position on taqiyya, all acknowledge its existence and use it to address diversity for harmony and tolerance. Abstrak Artikel Mengkaji secara mendalam konsep tentang multiculturalism di dalam al-Quran. Multikulturalitas sebagai keniscayaan, mendialogkan multicultural, pola dialog, interaksi dan kerjasama lintas keyakinan, serta relevansinya dengan konteks Indonesia yang majemuk. Untuk itu, berbagai pendekatan dalam studi Qur’an diterapkan dalam menguak Makna sejati multicultural dari al-Qur’an. Untuk menemukan relevansi konsep-konsep Qur’an dengan konteks kemajemukan Indoensia maka diterpakan pendekatan living Quran. Berdasarkan pendekatan-pendekatan tersebut, keragaman merupakan sebuah keniscayaan yang harus didialogkan secara berkelanjutan yang pro-aktif dan beretika, bukan dialog yang reaktif, semu, dan sentiment. Temuan lainnya adalah memanfaatkan khazanah sejarah dalam Islam yang disebut taqiyyah. Meskipun umat Islam berbeda dalam memosisikan taqiyyah tersebut, namun semua mengakui eksistensi dan penggunaannya untuk menyikap keragaman demi terwujudnya harmoni dan toleransi.

Towards a More Illiberal Pluralism? Reexamination of the Nahdlatul Ulama’s Turn Against Islamic Fundamentalist Groups in Contemporary Indonesia

The rise of Nahdlatul Ulama’s intolerant response to Islamic fundamentalist groups has revived the long-standing scholarly debate on the future of Indonesian pluralism in post-reform era. Some scholars have overlooked that NU's response is contrary to the principles of liberal pluralism because it violates religious freedom for minority groups. Some others argue that such response actually confirm the consistency of NU's stance as a moderate Islamic organization in protecting and advocating religious pluralism in Indonesia. However, only a few scholars have studied how intolerant responses within NU and its various forms are discussed from a more critical, emphatic and comprehensive perspective. This article examines the conflicting response within NU over Islamic fundamentalist movements. This article is a qualitative research that employs a pluralism perspective as its main approach to analyzing the data. Based on a case study of local NU in Jember (East Java), it was found that many elements of NU Jember used a repressive approach in countering Islamic fundamentalist movements. This was due to the disbandment of the FPI, the termination of religious gatherings of the HTI by the State, and the rejection of the establishment of Imam Syafi'i Islamic Junior High School by the Salafis. Some, however, used non-repressive strategy against puritanical preaching of HTI, FPI and Salafi groups that are often considered heretical and in conflict with the belief of other religious groups. As result, the NU’s attempt to protect the religious freedom from fundamentalist attack turned into a threat to principles of pluralism. Indonesia’s religious freedom, I argue, is now in slow but perceptible process of deconsolidation.

PENGATURAN PENGAKUAN KEBERAGAMAN SUMBER HUKUM DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTUR MELALUI FILSAFAT HUKUM PLURALISME

A multicultural society with a variety of legal sources used requires a legal philosophy of pluralism. However, in Indonesia the use of pluralist legal philosophy still leaves problems related to its application and implications. This article discusses the issue of the application and implications of pluralist legal philosophy in Indonesia. This type of normative juridical research, with a qualitative approach and analytical descriptive analysis. Research results: (1) the application of the legal concept of pluralism in Indonesia requires an approach that is inclusive, participatory, and based on recognition of various existing legal sources. This step is important in achieving legal justice and balance between various interests in a multicultural society. (2) Overall, the application of the legal philosophy of pluralism has significant implications for legal certainty, inclusiveness and conflict resolution in a heterogeneous society. By recognizing and respecting the plurality of legal norms, society can build a more inclusive, fair and sustainable legal system that strengthens social peace and justice. Key words: diversity of legal sources, multicultural society, legal philosophy of pluralism

Harmonization of State, Custom, and Islamic Law in Aceh: Perspective of Legal Pluralism

Indonesia recognizes several legal systems i.e., state law, customary law, Islamic law, and international law. Islamic sharia in Aceh is part of legal pluralism in Indonesia. This study aims to discuss the application of Islamic sharia from the perspective of legal pluralism. This normative legal study employed a legal pluralism theory analysis. Legal pluralism is a theory that views law not only as positive or written law made by the state but also as a recognition of the legal reality that exists in a pluralistic society. The study collected data by means of a literature review. Findings revealed that Islamic sharia in Aceh as part of the recognition of the concept of legal pluralism has been implemented well in the context of state law, custom, and Islamic law. The state has provided juridical legitimacy through laws in the context of legal substance and judicial institutions or sharia courts. Likewise, revitalization has also occurred in traditional institutions in terms of customary law and customary justice. The argument emphasized in this study is that Islamic sharia in the context of legal pluralism has succeeded in manifesting legal harmonization between the state, custom, and Islamic law

Implementation of Penal Mediation "Tepung Tawar" as Criminal Case Settlement in Palembang, South Sumatra

Legal pluralism in Indonesia makes it a dynamic legal dynamic. Conflict resolution in social relations, whether it is a civil or criminal matter in Indonesian customary society prefers to be resolved by family or deliberation. In the settlement of criminal cases in Palembang, there is a customary tradition known as "tepung Tawar". This dispute resolution ends with "berangkan-angkanan" (binding brotherhood) which indicates that both parties have reached a consensus/agreement. In writing this Community Service article I will discuss the implementation of the customary tradition of "tepung tawar" in Palembang, South Sumatra Province, this activity aims to provide understanding to the community about restorative justice by means of "tepung tawar" as a medium for conflict resolution.

Reinterpretasi Teologi Injil Yohanes 14:6 Dalam Konteks Inklusifitas Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di Indonesia

An inclusive perspective in understanding and responding to religious plurality in Indonesia is pursued through efforts to reinterpret the theology of the Gospel of John 14:6 in the context of the inclusiveness of Christian Religious Education (PAK) in Indonesia. The aim of reinterpreting this text is to offer an inclusive understanding of religious teachings in Indonesia’s pluralistic society. In carrying out this reinterpretation of theology, it is understood that the truth and the path to God must be seen from various religious perspectives, but still upholding the values of Christ. Thus, reinterpreting the theology of the Gospel of John 14:6 in the context of PAK inclusiveness in Indonesia is an important step in facing religious plurality with an inclusive attitude and expanding understanding of religious diversity in a pluralistic Indonesian society

Religious education to develop respect for plurality in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Given that Indonesian people adhere to various religions and beliefs, respect for plurality is needed. Religious education can play an important role in developing respect for plurality. The goal of this study was to understand the role of religious education in developing respect for plurality in Indonesia. This research applied qualitative and quantitative methods. The research samples were young people in Yogyakarta, especially university students. The results of this study indicated that the role of religious education in universities, in terms of fostering respect for plurality and nurturing positive attitudes among students towards plurality, was of very high quality. Lecturers taught students to become more open to other believers by inviting them to engage in interreligious dialogue or visit places of worship. The results of this study could serve as a means to discover ways to foster respect for plurality among young people and assist educators in finding the most effective approaches to their education.

The Synergy of Customary Criminal Law and National Criminal Law: Orientation Towards Criminal Law Pluralism

<em>The synergy between customary criminal law and national criminal law is an important orientation in criminal law reform. This can be seen from the substance of the New Criminal Code which emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the existence of customary criminal law so that aspects of legal pluralism are implemented. This study aims to analyze aspects of the notion of pluralism of criminal law in Indonesia as well as to describe the new orientation of Indonesian criminal law which emphasizes the synergy between customary criminal law and national criminal law. This research is a juridical-normative legal research using a conceptual and statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that the development of the idea of legal pluralism in Indonesia has implicitly been going on for a long time and has even been discussed in a limited way at the BPUPK-PPKI session. After the ratification of the New Criminal Code, the idea of criminal law pluralism has increasingly come to the fore by providing recognition of customary criminal law which emphasizes that after the passage of the New Criminal Code there has been a change in the orientation of legal pluralism which leads to aspects of public law, namely criminal law pluralism. orientation and synergy between national criminal law and customary criminal law based on legal pluralism also requires synergy and precise division of tasks between national law enforcement officials and customary law enforcement officials</em>

New Ways of Teaching Adat (Customary) Law at Indonesian Law Schools

While customary law typically is not the sole legal system regulating people's daily lives, it still plays a big role in shaping the behavior of countless individuals worldwide. For this reason, law schools in many countries teach customary law courses, but these courses often present customary law as a sterile set of principles and norms detached from studying social reality. This approach associates customary law with traditional communities whose members live in relative isolation from the world, ignoring the fact that customary law operates in a legally pluralistic universe, interacting with religious and state law systems, and that it adapts to new economic and social conditions. This way of teaching customary law is common in Indonesia. The present article discusses the origins of the current situation and the need for innovations in customary law courses in Indonesia. We analyze the current shortcomings and challenges in the existing adat (customary) law courses and propose socio-legal approach to improve their relevance. This new approach aims to equip students with knowledge that has more practical relevance and enhances the course’s doctrinal features. In so doing, we pay tribute to Keebet von Benda-Beckmann’s indefatigable efforts to better understand and recognize the importance of adat in the context of legal pluralism in Indonesia.

MENGEMBANGKAN PLURALISME HUKUM SEBAGAI PONDASI HUKUM MASA DEPAN INDONESIA

The emergence of double law in social life is known as legal pluralism. Legal pluralism in Indonesia emerged and developed as a result of the country's historical factors, which included differences in ethnicity, language, culture, religion, and race. However, although pluralism has various etymological meanings, they all have one thing in common: recognizing the reality of all differences. The purpose of this research is to find out the concept of legal pluralism that is used to restore customary law in an effort to protect indigenous peoples' natural resources from appropriation authorized by the state. This study also uses a normative legal approach, which is a process to find a rule of law, legal principles, or legal doctrines to answer the legal issues at hand. Almost every state law that regulates natural resources now has rules regarding indigenous peoples. Pro-indigenous activists are still leading the movement to promote recognition of indigenous peoples at a practical level. Among other things, by collecting data on customary law and mapping customary territories in various locations. Because these two factors are the main prerequisites for recognizing the existence of indigenous peoples. This is considered as one of the solutions to the weakness of the state dispute settlement institution (court) which is deemed unable to provide substantive justice. This movement basically proposed that the people solve their own problems without the help of the courts.

Islamic Music Art of Gamelan Kiai Kanjeng in the Plurality of Indonesia

The Kiai Kanjeng Musical Arts Group has a strategic position and distinct function. It does not only play musical performances but also participate in helping people’s life problems through communication and dialogue in the context of Islamic pluralism. This research was to examine the Kiai Kanjeng Music Group, pluralistic dialogue, and conflict resolution. This study used a descriptive-qualitative approach with a two-stage data collection method. First, a comprehensive literature review to identify relevant sources such as books, journal articles, and research reports related to gamelan music, Islam, and pluralism in Indonesia. Second, an online search to access traditional music archives, gamelan performance recordings, and audiovisual resources related to the Kiai Kanjeng Gamelan Music Group. The findings of this study were: the Kiai Kanjeng Music Group played traditional and modern types of music. During the performance, the group had a dialogue and discussion session with the audiences. Finally, the Kiai Kanjeng Music Group was able to touch on aspects of social life by offering solutions and mediating major conflicts through a special methods.

EXPLORING INDONESIAN RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND ORIENTATIONAL PLURALISM THROUGH BARASUARA’S "HAGIA"

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Barasuara's Hagia manifests religious tolerance and orientational pluralism in Indonesia. It is important to highlight that the responsibility for religious tolerance and pluralism extends beyond leadership to every stratum of society. By leveraging music as a vehicle to promote pluralism and instill values within individuals at their core, this approach may prove to be more effective than other governmental-implemented formalized methods. Religion can impact the behavior of young people, who are more ardent than older people, who are more cautious. By applying a qualitative approach, this study shows how orientational pluralism in the Hagia of Barasuara exemplifies religious tolerance. Through the emphasis on divergent viewpoints and other interconnected themes, the lyrical compositions of Hagia demonstrate the potential for religious tolerance and are therefore indicative of a pluralistic and diverse ethos. In conclusion, the lyrical composition suggests that pluralistic understanding can improve inclusive views toward one's own and other religions. Hagia's recognition and admiration of various religious beliefs demonstrate that sheer relativism is insufficient; individuals must show proactive compassion for others.

Strengthening Land Law Reforms through Legal Pluralism in Indonesia

This study explores the urgent need for reforms in Indonesia's land law system, specifically focusing on incorporating legal pluralism into the national legal framework. Utilizing a normative legal research method, the study scrutinizes primary and secondary legal documents, including the 1945 Indonesian Constitution, the Basic Agrarian Law, and the Job Creation Law, while also incorporating insights from related literature. The main finding indicates that although the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) has attempted to blend principles of customary and religious law into the national land law framework, its implementation still exhibits signs of weak legal pluralism, where state law dominates. This research suggests that adopting legal pluralism as a foundational principle in the UUPA could serve as a catalyst for fostering greater harmony between state and non-state laws, encouraging the development of policies that are more accountable and responsive to local realities. This holds significant implications in promoting agrarian justice and sustainability in land management in Indonesia, offering vital insights for ongoing legal reform efforts.
 Highlights:
 
 Inadequate integration of customary and religious law principles in the existing Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA).
 The potential of legal pluralism as a foundation to foster greater harmony between state and non-state laws.
 The urgent need for responsive policies that align with local realities to promote agrarian justice and sustainable land management in Indonesia.
 
 Keywords: Legal Pluralism, Land Law Reform, Agrarian Justice, Policy Development, Indonesian Constitution

The Baha’i Religion: Maqasid Syariah of Social Religious Frictions in Indonesia

<span id="docs-internal-guid-e3c1db62-7fff-e237-cf7d-9d2eeb59a50e"><span>The contestation of conversation about the Baha'i religious group in Indonesia continues from time to time. In valuable retrospect, there has been much debate that characterizes the existence of the Baha'i group. As a result, it is very unfortunate that there are many frictions caused by socio-religious friction in the social sphere. This has led to many assumptions about religious freedom in Indonesia, which are increasingly showing a repressive trend. The author is interested in analyzing the various frictions that arise between the gaps in religious plurality in Indonesia, both pragmatic and paradigmatic. In addition, the author wants to examine how the role of the government can break the deadlock of friction. The research was conducted with a qualitative analysis oriented toward a literature review and Maqasid Syariah as a theoretical perception. Exploration research focuses on various phenomena that occur around the presence of Baha'is in Indonesia and how potential conflicts can arise in them. This research proves that the state needs to be present to accommodate various religions and coexist by prioritizing the concept of benefit for all citizens. In addition, the role of society in maintaining multicultural values must be initiated more intensely and in a dialogical manner.</span></span>

The Demands of Madrasah Management Transformation: Strategies to Realize Quality Madrasas Climate

This study aims to determine the madrasa management strategy in creating a quality madrasa climate to improve the quality of Islamic education in Indonesia. The research method used is a mixed method, namely by combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data is in the form of the percentage of madrasa climate implementation. Qualitative data is in the form of descriptions of respondents' perceptions of the use of the madrasah climate. Respondents in this study were madrasa heads, educators, and employees in the madrasa environment, totaling 68 people. These respondents came from 7 provinces in Indonesia who were randomly selected based on region (cluster random sampling). Researchers analyzed quantitative data from the results of the questionnaire descriptively. Meanwhile, qualitative data analysis uses the Miles Huberman model. The results of this study indicate that 89.7% of respondents improve the quality of education services to produce a quality madrasah climate. There are 83.8% of madrasas that have the characteristics of forming a positive madrasa climate such as forming an Islamic culture, improving skills, developing students' interests and talents, and paying attention to character values. The implementation of this strategy is the result of collaboration between madrasa heads, educators, staff, and students. This is indicated by the successive percentages of 92%, 92.6% and 85.3%. The findings of this study reveal that the formation of a quality madrasah climate does not give up the values of religious moderation in the actualization of religion for students in the midst of religious pluralism in Indonesia.

Reproduction of Islamic Law in The Era of Globalization and Pluralism

The rise of globalization values: secularism, capitalism, legal liberalization and democratic freedom that is sweeping the world today can create a disharmony of diversity during legal pluralism that exists in Indonesia between state law, religious law and customary law. The context of reproduction in this study redesigns policies based on Islamic law that have a vision that can moderate diversity in Indonesia so that the existence of Islamic law can be accepted in the context of diversity and diversity in an inclusive manner. To conduct the research, the author uses conceptual approaches and statutory law. As a result, the author concluded that legal pluralism in Indonesia should not occur strong autonomy in each legal system but increasingly interact and interconnect in the context of moderation, this complementary reproduction model of pluralism is being designed in this study.

Navigating Diversity: Exploring Religious Pluralism and Social Harmony in Indonesian Society

This paper explores the intricate dynamics of religious pluralism and social harmony in Indonesian society. With its diverse religious landscape and multicultural population, Indonesia serves as a fascinating case study to investigate how different religious communities coexist and contribute to societal cohesion. Through a mixed methods approach and an extensive literature review, this study examines the historical, cultural, and socio-political factors that shape religious pluralism in Indonesia. It analyzes the interactions among religious communities, the influence of government policies and regulations, and the role of interfaith dialogue and initiatives. Additionally, the research explores manifestations of social harmony, including successful case studies of interfaith cooperation, social programs fostering unity, and the impact of religious leaders in promoting tolerance. Furthermore, the study critically examines the challenges and conflicts that arise in a religiously diverse society, considering factors such as political and economic influences and legal and policy issues pertaining to religious freedom and minority rights. The findings of this study provide insights and recommendations for policymakers, religious leaders, and society to cultivate understanding, cooperation, and peace amidst diversity.

The Role of Interfaith Dialogue in Completing the Construction of Worship Place (Efforts to Keep the Spirit of Nationalism)

Interfaith dialogue is a discussion or exchange of certain information between followers of various religions as a way to achieve cooperation of common interests. Religious or faith dialogue has an important role to form a spirit of nationalism and prevent intolerance, which still often occurs in Indonesia, especially in religion aspect. One example of an intolerance religious case is the rejection of the construction related to a place of worship by followers of a particular religion and believers, citing concerns about damaging the image and culture of the area. Therefore, dialogue between religious communities is very necessary as a way to prevent intolerance. This dialogue aims to instill the value of tolerance and strengthen pluralism in Indonesia. The research methods employed in this problem are descriptive and normative research by conducting documentation and case studies that refer to primary and secondary legal sources supporting the study on the relationship between interfaith dialogue communities and the spirit of nationalism. The research findings indicate a correlation between these both aspects. Religion and nationality are two things that are interrelated between obstacles and support. Dialogue between religious communities is also a form of participation in religious values ​​that must be supported and maintained by both the government and Indonesian society in order to create tolerance, which is the beginning of the rise of the nationalism spirit.