Pluralistic Family Research Articles

The New Family Arrangements as Overcoming Traditionalism: Pluralism and the Concretization of Fundamental Rights in Brazil

Traditionalism is an ideology that advocates for a government founded on principles surpassing mere human and individual aspects. In traditional symbolism, the supernatural principle is invariably regarded as masculine, and that of nature as feminine. Traditionalism underscores the necessity for the family entity to acknowledge the metaphysical dyad distinguishing the masculine from the feminine, contending that the sole legitimate family form is that constituted by the union of a man and a woman and their offspring. This paper seeks to examine the shift from traditionalism to constitutional pluralism within the realm of family entities. It aims to comprehend how constitutional pluralism acknowledges the diversity of family forms and facilitates societal changes in the concept of the family, all the while circumventing state censorship and bolstering individual liberty. The approach utilised is one of normatibrave juridical enquiry. The study reveals that new family structures, rooted in constitutional pluralism, foster the displacement of traditionalism, thereby establishing a new paradigm for interpreting the concept of the family as defined by the Constitution. Traditionalism, having historically occupied a dominant stance regarding the family, yields to pluralism. The realisation of fundamental rights ensures the diversity of family entities, inclusive of the traditional family's rightful claim to existence. Viewed from the vantage point of a pluralistic family constitutional framework, traditionalism should not be perceived as antagonistic to pluralism but rather as one of its valid manifestations a legitimate approach to experiencing life and perceiving the world.

Characterizing end-of-life communication in families.

The chronic disease course can be uncertain, contributing to delayed end-of-life discussion within families resulting in missed opportunity to articulate wishes, increased decisional uncertainty, and delayed hospice care. Consistent with the Family Communication Patterns Theory (FCPT), family communication patterns may affect the quality and timing of end-of-life discussion, hospice utilization, and the experience of 'a good death.' To assess how families' conversation and conformity orientation (spontaneity of conversation and hierarchical rigidity) form four family communication patterns (consensual, pluralistic, protective, and laissez-faire) and may be associated with the number and timing of end-of-life discussions. A cross-sectional study. Family members of loved ones who died from chronic illnesses while in hospice (n = 56) completed online surveys including a modified Revised Family Communication Pattern instrument (RFCP) and the Chronic Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Additional survey questions assessed the number and timing of end-of-life discussions and timing of hospice enrollment. IBM SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive analysis. Most families (42.9%) were pluralistic, reporting communication styles with high conversation and low conformity orientation; (39.29%) were protective, reporting low conversation and high conformity orientation. Pluralistic families had more end-of-life conversations than did protective families. Study findings suggest that there may be a relationship between family communication pattern type and inclination toward end-of-life discussion. This first step supports future research regarding whether the FCPT can be used to predict which families may be at increased risk for ineffective or delayed end-of-life discussion. Additional variables to consider include the timing of hospice enrollment and the quality of the dying experience. Clinicians may ultimately use findings to facilitate earlier identification of and intervention for families who are at risk for poor end-of-life communication and outcomes.

Communication of Parent-Child among Gen Z: A Preliminary Study

Family communication patterns expose family members, especially teenagers, to various types of behavior. A good and effective communication strategy will encourage good behavior among teenagers. vice versa, if family communication is not good, it can affect their behavior. Therefore, it is important for a family to know their communication patterns in order to form a happy family. This study is done in order to find out the communication of parent-child among Generation in Malaysia. Conversation and conformity orientation and the four variables (Consensual, Pluralistic, Protective and Laissez-Faire) are included to assist in our study. This study used family communication theory as the foundation for this study. 67 out of 70 respondents were selected after a thorough check of the targeted audience. A survey has been made for Generation Z in Malaysia ages from 12 to 30 to identify the types of families they are in. Surprisingly, this study found out that respondents belong to a pluralistic family group.

Family communication patterns and young adults' trait autonomy over time

AbstractResearch shows that individuals develop stable tendencies to be more or less autonomous (i.e., trait autonomy) from social and personal experiences. This study, from a family communication perspective, aimed to examine how family communication patterns (i.e., conversation and conformity orientations) affected young adult children's trait autonomy. Longitudinal data at two time points over a year were collected from 190 young adult children (M age = 25.63 years at T1, 45.3% female) recruited from CloudResearch in the United States. Results showed that at the low level of conformity orientation, conversation orientation prospectively and positively predicted young adults' trait autonomy over time. The findings suggest that pluralistic families (i.e., high conversation and low conformity) might provide the most optimal family environment for the child to develop high trait autonomy that further leads to a multitude of benefits.

Pluralistic Family: Why They Let Their Children Get Married Early?

The decision to marry a child is taken by the parents after holding a family consultation. This was also done by the majority of consensual (16%) and pluralistic (77%) families who were respondents in this study. The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons why pluralistic families allow school-age girls to marry. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative method with depth interviews with several informants such as traditional leaders, government leaders, religious leaders, parents who marry off their children at a young age, and the perpetrators of child marriages themselves. The research was taken in Bogor regency. The results of this study revealed that a pluralistic family in Bogor Regency has the following characteristics: being open with other family members, parents do not want to impose their will on their children, the decision to marry at school age is a mutual agreement, parents choose to marry off their daughters for reasons of concern. socializing, violating religious rules and norms, and also parents want their daughters to stay in the same house or close together. This has become a hereditary tradition. Child marriage also aims to improve the family's economy. Families of child marriages have carried out the tradition of young marriage for three generations following in the footsteps of their grandmothers and mothers who also married young.

MUSLIM PERSONAL LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA: “UNTIL TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS DO US PART OR MEET?”

South Africa is one of the most prominent examples of pluralism providing recognition to traditional customary and religious law. South Africa’s commitment to legal pluralism is an important development because it reflects not only constitutional dedication tomulticulturalism but also a political and functional need for incorporating traditional and religious legal systems. The legal recognition of Muslim Personal Law in South Africa provides an ideal case study on legal pluralism supported by a multicultural constitutional process. Over 15 years of democracy have passed and the draft Muslim Marriages Act has not yet been introduced into legislation. The issue of legal recognition of Muslim Personal Law in South Africa has highlighted the difficulties that arise when balancing the commitment to individual human rights and religious rights. This paper explores the question: What is the future of Muslim Personal Law in South Africa? Since the draft Muslim Marriages Act has not yet been enacted into legislation, it presents an opportunity to re-examine and rethink how to implement religious law effectively in a secular state. This is discussed in the paper by presentingvarious multicultural and pluralistic jurisdictional family law models, which look at the key relationship between civil and religious authorities.

The Effectiveness of Pluralist Family Communication Model Education on Marital Satisfaction in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching the pluralistic family communication model on marital satisfaction of women with premenstrual syndrome. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre/post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of all women with premenstrual syndrome who referred to marriage clinic of Kermanshah (Iran) in autumn and winter of 2016. Of these, 30 were selected by purposeful sampling and were selected through an initial interview and randomly placed into treatment and control groups in equal numbers. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire was used in two stages of pre-test and post-test for data collection. Group intervention of the pluralistic communicative communication model was performed on the experimental group for 9 one-and-half hour weekly sessions, while no intervention was performed for the control group. Results: The results of one-way covariance analysis on pre-treatment and treatment scores showed that the teaching of the pluralistic family communication model had a significant effect on marital satisfaction of women with premenstrual syndrome (p> 0.001). Conclusion: based on the findings of the present study, teaching a pluralistic communication model that is based on high-level dialogue plays a key role in marital satisfaction of women with premenstrual syndrome.

Kinship Practices Among Alternative Family Forms in Western Industrialized Societies.

This paper discusses how kinship is construed and enacted in diverse forms of the family that are now part of the culturally pluralistic family system of Western societies. The study is the second in a pair documenting changes over the past century in the meaning and practice of kinship in the family system of Western societies with industrialized economies. While the first paper reviewed the history of kinship studies, this companion piece shifts the focus to research explorations of kinship in alternative family forms, those that depart from the standard nuclear family structure. The review was conducted running multiple searches on Google Scholar and Web of Science directly targeting non-standard family forms, using search terms as "cohabitation and kinship," "same-sex family and kinship," and "Artificial Reproductive Technology and kinship," among others. About 70 percent of studies focused on the United States, while the remaining 30 percent focused on other industrialized Western societies. We identified three general processes by which alternative family forms are created and discussed how kinship practices work in each of them. The first cluster of alternative family forms comes about through variations of formal marriage or its absence, including sequential marriages, plural marriages, consensual unions, single parenthood, and same-sex marriages and partnerships. The second cluster is formed as a result of alterations in the reproduction process, when a child is not the product of sexual intercourse between two people. The third cluster results from the formation of voluntary bonds that are deemed to be kinship-like, in which affiliation rests on neither biological nor legal bases. Findings from this study point to a broad cultural acceptance of an inclusive approach to incorporating potential kin in "family relationships." It is largely left to individuals to decide whether they recognize or experience the diffuse sense of emotional connectedness and perceived obligation that characterizes the bond of kinship. Also, family scripts and kinship terms often borrow from the vocabulary and parenting practices observed in the standard family form in the West. Concurrently, the cultural importance of biology remains strong. The study concludes by identifying important gaps in the kinship literature and laying out a research agenda for the future, including building a demography of kinship.

Revisiting feminist care ethics for the age of the “pluralistic family”

ABSTRACTGlobally and in Korea families are experiencing a process of de-naturalization, as described by Ulrich Beck. Despite these changes, family norms for those related by blood, based on traditional marriage systems, still have significance, which lead to a huge gap between the evolving family realities and the idea of family. This article starts with a discussion of feminist perspectives that criticize patriarchal marriage and family systems, and suggests the pluralistic concept of family based on Iris M. Young's position, which encompasses various forms of family relations. Furthermore, I argue here that it is appropriate to construct the concept of family based on caring relationships instead of sexual relations or reproduction and suggest that feminist care ethics as the family/social ethics suitable for this pluralistic concept of family.

Compare the Effectiveness of Systemic-Structurally Oriented Couple Therapy and the Teaching of the Pluralistic Family Communication Model on Marital Satisfaction in Women with Breast Cancer

Compare the Effectiveness of Systemic-Structurally Oriented Couple Therapy and the Teaching of the Pluralistic Family Communication Model on Marital Satisfaction in Women with Breast Cancer

Family Communication Patterns as Predictors of Organizational Dissent: A Replication Study

This study replicated a previous research project addressing connections between family-of-origin communication and organizational dissent expression. We predicted that family communication patterns (FCPs), specifically conversation and conformity orientations, would predict upward, lateral, and displaced dissent. As in the original study, significant findings emerged for upward dissent and conformity orientation. This replication study indicated family type as an inconsistent predictor of expressed dissent. Contrary to the original study, we found no evidence to support a connection between pluralistic family types and upward dissent. Finally, as an extension of the original study we analyzed effects of FCPs on displaced dissent, finding an inverse association with conversation orientation. Implications for future research are discussed.

The Relationship of Family Communication Pattern with Adolescents’ Assertiveness

Background: Adolescence is among the most critical stages of life, during which assertiveness starts to develop. Parents and their communication patterns have significant roles in adolescents’ successful transition to adulthood. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of family communication patterns with adolescents’ assertiveness. Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 400 high - school students in Birjand, Iran. Students were selected via multistage random sampling. A demographic questionnaire, the 26 - item Revised Family Communication Patterns, and the 30 - item Rathus Assertiveness Schedule were employed for data collection. The SPSS software (v. 16) was used to analyze the data by conducting the one - way analysis of variance, the Chi - square test, and the stepwise multivariate regression at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The most and the least common family communication patterns among participants were pluralistic (73 students, 28.1%) and protective (58 students, 22.3%) patterns, respectively. Students with pluralistic family communication patterns obtained significantly higher assertiveness scores than those with laissez - faire (P < 0.001) and protective (P = 0.004) patterns. The conversation orientation dimension of family communication pattern explained 9% of the total variance of students’ assertiveness. Conclusions: The conversation orientation dimension of family communication pattern is a significant predictor of adolescents’ assertiveness. Parents can increase their adolescents’ assertiveness through creating a more hospitable and open atmosphere in their families and encouraging adolescents to express and discuss their ideas and feelings.

Law, Culture, and Mobilization: Legal Pluralism and Women’s Access to Divorce in Egypt

AbstractScholarship on personal status law systems in Muslim-majority countries stresses the challenges facing women’s rights activists seeking to reform family laws. Yet, little research is done on how Islamic family law systems, being inherently pluralistic, could enable activists to challenge hegemonic hermeneutical understandings of Islam. This article draws from a qualitative study of a decade and a half long campaign to reform divorce laws in Egypt to argue that dual legal systems, like the Egyptian one, enabled women’s rights activists to push forward novel hybrid rights claims, despite the structural and discursive constraints they faced. Grounding those claims in the context of Egypt’s pluralistic family law system and shrewdly negotiating multiple legal orders, including alternative interpretations of Islamic Shari’a and national codes, women’s rights activists successfully utilized the cultural power of legal pluralism. The success of this campaign demonstrates the ways in which the institutional and discursive dimensions of a pluralistic family law system in Egypt provided a surprising resource for reform. On a theoretical level, the case study presented in this article highlights the complex legacy and consequences of legal pluralism on women’s rights within culturally and politically constrained settings.

Understanding the relationship between family communication and the development of weight stigma

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This study examined the relationship between family communication and weight stigma. The Family Communication Patterns Theory was used as a framework to explain the relationships between two dimensions of family communication (i.e., conversation orientation and conformity orientation) and antifat attitudes (i.e., physical unattractiveness and weight blame).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Participants and procedure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; A total of 585 college-aged participants completed an on-line questionnaire. We used the following instruments: body mass index (BMI), Antifat Attitudes Scale (AFAT), Revised Family Communication Patterns Scale (RFCP).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Significant relationships were found between the two dimensions of family communication and antifat attitudes. Conversation orientation was negatively associated with antifat attitudes and conformity orientation was positively associated with antifat attitudes. In addition, pluralistic families were less likely to stigmatize the overweight and obese by demonstrating less discrimination with physical attraction and personal weight blame.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; These findings highlight the important association between family communication and antifat attitudes. Families that endorse a pluralistic family type (i.e., high conversation orientation and low conformity orientation) appear to engage in the least amount of discrimination with regard to weight stigma. These families are not only less discriminating of others, they perhaps bring about more awareness and information to family members as compared to other family types.

Influence of Family Structures on Pester Power and Purchase Outcomes-A Conceptual Framework

Abstract Children have emerged as a significant consumer group that cannot be ignored. From followers of parental choice to co-decision makers while purchasing, children's influence in purchase decisions have been of significant interest to marketers across the globe. The purpose of the study is to explore how different family communication structures influence pester power in children, which helps in forming a final purchase outcome. The paper presents a conceptual framework which helps in understanding how pestering in children varies under the influence of different family communication structures and thus shaping a final purchase outcome. The model is developed as a result of extensive literature review in the area of pesters power, family communication structures and purchase outcomes. The type of family structures namely the laissez–faire family, the protective family, the pluralistic family, and the consensual family has a lot of bearing on the way children use different types of pester power. Pester power comes to play through a wide array of persuasive and emotional strategies/ behavior at a market place in which the type of family structure becomes a major factor to reckon with. This behavior can lead to a culmination of a purchase outcome by a parent and thus it indeed becomes a significant pre cursor to many a purchase decisions. The proposed model is an attempt to explore these relationships thereby enriching and adding to the existing body of knowledge.

Diverse Family Structures and the Care of Older Persons.

Demographic and social trends lead to a variety of micro-level and internal structural contexts that influence caregiving in families with older members. The results of macro-level changes have received little focused attention in the aging literature, where much of the caregiving research has addressed issues within the context of traditional family structure. Yet the conventional nuclear family model is increasingly uncommon as new, pluralistic models of family life are emerging in contemporary society. The majority of elder care is provided by relatives, albeit with varying patterns of involvement and responsibility across family structures. Both conventional and pluralistic families face challenges in meeting the care needs of their oldest members, leaving some older adults at risk of having unmet needs. Additional research on family risk and resilience related to the care of older relatives is warranted, particularly with respect to pluralistic models of family life.

Political Philosophy as a (Partial) Mediator of the Association Between Family Communication Patterns and Perception of Candidate Credibility in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election

This investigation evaluated a theoretical model whereby political philosophy mediates the association between family communication patterns and perception of candidate credibility in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Participants included younger and older adults reporting on communication in their family of origin, political beliefs, and evaluations of both candidates. Results supported the expectation, guided by the moral foundations hypothesis, that family-of-origin communication patterns predict political philosophy in adulthood, with both conversation and conformity orientations predicting conservative beliefs. As predicted, political philosophy mediated the association between family communication patterns and candidate credibility. Results clarify the family’s mechanism of political socialization, indicate both direct and indirect effects of family communication patterns on candidate evaluation, and suggest pluralistic and consensual families may be particularly effective at transmitting political beliefs between parents and their children.

Conversation and Conformity Orientations as Predictors of Observed Conflict Tactics in Parent-Adolescent Discussions

This research considers how observed tactics and patterns in parent-adolescent conflict relate to family orientations toward communication. Fifty families (mother, father, and mid-adolescent child) discussed family changes desired by each person. In high versus low conformity families, parents (fathers especially) pressured more, were more confrontational, and were less conciliatory, whereas children were less analytic and more apt to withdraw in response to parental demand. Fathers were especially conciliatory and analytic in families that combined high conversation orientation and low conformity (i.e., the pluralistic family type). The results confirm expected associations between family communication orientations and observed conflict patterns, suggesting that basic orientations to communication affect how families adapt to the communicative challenges of adolescence.

Raised to Dissent: Family-of-Origin Family Communication Patterns as Predictors of Organizational Dissent

This article extends Kassing's (1997, 1998) model of organizational dissent by evaluating the extent to which family-of-origin communication predicts upward (i.e., to superior) and lateral (i.e., to peer) dissent. Specifically, building from Koerner and Fitzpatrick's theory of family communication schemas, we predicted that family communication patterns (i.e., conversation and conformity orientations) would serve as an individual factor that meaningfully predicts employee dissent. Significant findings emerged for upward dissent but not lateral dissent, with both a main effect for conformity orientation and interaction between conversation and conformity orientations. Decomposition of the interaction effect indicated that, as hypothesized, employees from pluralistic (high conversation, low conformity) families were more likely to express upward dissent than employees from consensual (high conversation, high conformity) families. This pattern of results informs both organizational practice and the theoretical intersection between family and organizational communication.

Who uses public childcare for 2‐year‐old children? Coherent family policies and usage patterns in Sweden, Finland and Western Germany

European countries have increased their public childcare provision for children under age 3. However, it is unclear if and how usage patterns differ across countries. This study examined the relationship between the socio‐economic characteristics of mothers and the use of childcare for 2‐year‐old children. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for the years 2005–2008, we analysed the characteristics of mothers and usage patterns in Sweden, Finland and Western Germany. To single out the effect of maternal employment, working and non‐working mothers were investigated separately. Our findings showed that, in Sweden, a country with strong support for dual‐earner families, usage was largely independent of mothers' characteristics. However, in Western Germany, where more support is given to male breadwinner families, and in Finland, a country with pluralistic family support, highly educated mothers were found to be more likely to use childcare than were mothers with lower levels of education.