Performance Of Plow Research Articles

Influence of cutting parameters on the performance of plough during hard rock cutting in coal mining

Influence of cutting parameters on the performance of plough during hard rock cutting in coal mining

Effect of Soil Moisture and Distance of Scraper in Field Performance of Disk Plow

Soil tillage is a critical process in agricultural production. Furthermore, the process consumes a lot of energy and time to complete the soil tillage practices. A disk plow with triple disks was tested in one of the Agriculture and Forestry college plantations at the University of Mosul during season 2013. The research included two soil moisture contents (10.7 and 16.2%), and three distances between the inner disk face and the scraper (2, 4, and 6 cm). Besides, two forward speeds for the tractor (2.29 and 5.85 km/h) were used. The disk plow test was adopted to evaluate the energy consumed, the specific energy, the volume of soil pulverized, and the soil adhesion on the disks. The test also evaluated the ratio of soil overturn, the lateral soil transfer, and the number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The data were analyzed with the statistic randomized complete block design (RCBD) using the split-split plots system. The results indicated significant differences with the factor level of soil moisture 10.7% with the first scraper position of 2 cm, and forward speed of 5.85 km/h, and for the traits of soil adhesion and lateral soil transfer, which were 0.11 N/m2 and 170.33 cm, respectively. On the other hand, there were no statistical significant differences in the traits of energy consumed, specific energy, volume of soil pulverized, soil overturn, and number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The consumed energy, specific energy, and number of soil clods decreased, while the volume of pulverized soils and soil overturn ratio increased, at soil moisture 16.2% with the same levels of treatment.

Effect of Soil Moisture and Distance of Scraper in Field Performance of Disk Plow

Soil tillage is a critical process in agricultural production. Furthermore, the process consumes a lot of energy and time to complete the soil tillage practices. A disk plow with triple disks was tested in one of the Agriculture and Forestry college plantations at the University of Mosul during season 2013. The research included two soil moisture contents (10.7 and 16.2%), and three distances between the inner disk face and the scraper (2, 4, and 6 cm). Besides, two forward speeds for the tractor (2.29 and 5.85 km/h) were used. The disk plow test was adopted to evaluate the energy consumed, the specific energy, the volume of soil pulverized, and the soil adhesion on the disks. The test also evaluated the ratio of soil overturn, the lateral soil transfer, and the number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The data were analyzed with the statistic randomized complete block design (RCBD) using the split-split plots system. The results indicated significant differences with the factor level of soil moisture 10.7% with the first scraper position of 2 cm, and forward speed of 5.85 km/h, and for the traits of soil adhesion and lateral soil transfer, which were 0.11 N/m2 and 170.33 cm, respectively. On the other hand, there were no statistical significant differences in the traits of energy consumed, specific energy, volume of soil pulverized, soil overturn, and number of soil clods bigger than 10 cm/m2. The consumed energy, specific energy, and number of soil clods decreased, while the volume of pulverized soils and soil overturn ratio increased, at soil moisture 16.2% with the same levels of treatment.

Performance Evaluation of A Chisel Plow in Heavy Clay Soil of Central Sudan

This paper presents experimental study of the performance of chisel plow under conditions of central irrigated Schemes. The research was conducted in the Gezira irrigated Scheme at Experimental Field of Gezira University. Mounted 3-rows chisel plows mark RAU and 75 hp Massey Fergusson (GIAD) tractor were used in the experiment. The performance of chisel plow was evaluated by parameters, which included: losses of chiseling process (uncut area); aggregate size distribution; bulk density; soil moisture content; control of weeds and residues; degree of soil surface evenness; draft requirement; fuel consumption; and field capacity. Each of these parameter studied dependent of two parameters: working speed and depth of cut. A loss of uncut areas at critical depth was found to be 12%. The failure zone and overlap area was found to be 31.4 x 11 cm and 0.02 m2 respectively. The later was dependent of the depth. Losses of plowed area were increased to 23% and 31% when depth was increased to 15cm and 20cm respectively. Based on mean weight diameter of soil clod, structure of the soil was improved by 14% when the speed and depth were increased from 3.34 to 5.85km/hr. and from 15cm to 20cm respectively. Soil natural bulk density was found to be 1.45, g/cm3. Bulk density generally was decreased, in such that it decreased in the upper layer (0-10 cm) by 10%, in the middle layer (10-20 cm) by 7%, and in the bottom soil layer (20-30 cm) by only 1 %. Soil moisture content was decreased by 30% at the upper soil layer (0-15cm) during 9 hours only. Weeds and residues leaving at soil surface after chiseling (at 5.58 km/hr. and 20 cm) were found to be 13% and 37%. Degree of the soil level after chiseling was found to be improved by ±14% of the mean value. Draft force increased by 14% when the depth was increased from 15 to 20 cm at constant speed of 5.85 km/hr. Draft force at critical depth changed by 22% when the speed was increased from 3.34 to 5.85 km/hr. Fuel consumption of chisel plow at speeds of 3.34 km/hr and 5.85 km/hr was increased by 17% and 23% respectively when depth increased from 15cm to 20cm in both cases. Machine field capacity and energy consumption increased by 66% and 39% respectively when speed was changed from 3.34km/hr to5.85 km/hr. in both cases.

Paraplough and Mouldboard Plow Performance Evaluation for Seedbed Preparation and Supporting Conservation Tillage

Abstract The final yield of agricultural products depends on the effective factors during the growing season of plants, especially the size of soil aggregates and proper size distribution of aggregates. Therefore, it is very important to select appropriate tillage implement and to provide a suitable seedbed in terms of aggregate size with the least energy consumption. It is a new idea to use paraplough and winged-paraplough as tools for seedbed preparation. To measure and determine the factors affecting the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and percentage of crop residues on the soil surface, a series of field trials were performed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The trials were conducted at three forward speeds of 2, 5 and 7 km·h−1 and three operating depths of 0–10; 0–20; 0–30 cm using the mouldboard plough and the paraplough with different wing configurations (without wings, with forward wings, with backward wings). The main impacts of implemented type, forward speed and operating depth and their mutual binary effects were significant at P <1% for both the MWD of aggregates and percentage of remaining residue. The highest MWD of aggregates was related to mouldboard plough (5.59 mm) and the lowest value was related to paraplough with backward wings (2.9 mm). It was found that the winged paraplough created a good pulverization in the soil and sustained a high percentage of crop residues on the soil surface. This issue can be very useful and important in the conservation tillage and the conservation of soil resources, especially in the water deficient areas where the soil is prone to erosion.

Cutting Test and Finite Element Analysis of Plow Pick

The pick is the working part of the coal plow, the cutting performance of the pick is very important for the efficient production of the coal mine. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the plow pick during the cutting process, a cutting test platform was built. The force of the plow pick and the vibration of the plow head were obtained through the cutting test, and the relationship between the vibration of the plow head and the cutting speed and cutting depth was analyzed. In order to study the influence of different alloy head shapes on the performance of plow pick, two kinds of pick were designed: a pick with chip bit and a pick with conical bit. The finite element method was used to establish the cutting model, and the numerical simulation was carried out. The research results show that the caving effect of pick with chip bit is better than that of pick with conical bit, but the cutting resistance of the pick with chip bit is greater than pick with conical bit. When the cutting angle is 60°, the force of the pick is the smallest and the force of the pick increases with the increase of the installation angle. The maximum error of the force of the pick obtained by the two methods is 8.41%. The cutting test verified the results of the numerical simulation. According to the research results, two types of pick were adopted in the coal plow, which were installed in different positions. Through the analysis of the actual working state of the plow, it is found that the damage form of the pick was consistent with the result of numerical simulation.

A cone penetration test (CPT) approach to cable plough performance prediction based upon centrifuge model testing

Cable ploughing is an important technique for burying and protecting offshore cables. The ability to predict the required tow force and plough performance is essential to allow vessel selection and project programming. Existing tow force models require calibration against full-scale field testing to determine empirical parameters, a requirement that may hinder their use. In this study the factors controlling the plough resistance were investigated using a series of dry and saturated 1/50th scale model cable plough tests in sand in a geotechnical centrifuge at 50g at a range of target trench depths, sand relative densities, and plough velocities. An improved model for predicting cable plough tow force that separates out the key components of resistance and allows tow force prediction without the use of field-derived empirical coefficients is presented. It is demonstrated that the key parameters in this model can be easily determined from in situ cone penetration tests (CPTs), allowing it to be used offshore where site investigation techniques may be more limited compared to onshore locations. The model is validated against the centrifuge cable plough tests, demonstrating it can correctly predict both the static (dry) and rate effect (saturated) tow forces.

Effect of Adding Wings to the Shallow Tines on the Performance of Subsoiler Plow in the Soil Disturbed Area, Soil Pulverization Index & Equivalent Energy of Pulverization

The experiment was performed using locally manufactured subsoiler plow provided with wings on the outside of shallow tines feet to study the impact of adding the wings and depth of tillage on the disturbance area of soil, soil pulverization index (mean weight diameter, MWD) and the equivalent energy of soil pulverization (Eq EP) in clay soil. This experiment was done in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications having a factorial experiment. Three tillage depths (40, 50, and 60cm) with and without wings on the feet of shallow tines were used. The results showed that the impact of adding wings and tillage depths had a significant effect on the disturbance area, soil pulverization index and the equivalent energy of soil pulverization (p < 0.05). The treatment of adding wings on shallow tines (S+shw) has pre-eminence in studied factors. The disturbed area increased by 11.11, 14.29 and 9.80%, the MWD decreased by 27.33, 32.31 and 19.38% and the Eq EP increased by 43.19, 53.03 and 25.13% when the depth of tillage increased from 40, 50 and 60cm respectively.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Cutting Performance of Coal Plow

Coal plow is one of the important equipment for thin seam mining, it is very important to improve the performance of plow for efficient coal mining. In order to study the cutting performance of the coal plow, the cutting test is carried out in National Energy Mining Equipment Research Center, and the forces of the plow bit with different cutting speeds and depths are obtained. According to the properties of simulated coal wall, the intrinsic parameters of coal wall material are determined, and the three-dimensional bond contact model of coal wall is established by EDEM software. The force information of coal plow, the distribution of coal particles and the residual state of the coal wall surface are obtained through the numerical simulation. The results show that the maximum error of the force obtained by DEM simulation and experiment is 7.849 %, and the error of the width the residual coal ridge is 6.5 %. The force distribution of the plow bit is analyzed by combining the discrete element method with the finite element method. The high dynamic stress area of the plow bit is mainly concentrated in the back of the body and the alloy head inlay position. In order to reduce the consumption of the plow bit, local heat treatment is carried out on the plow bit, which can improve the mechanical properties of the plow bit. The simulation results are verified by experiments and industrial production, which proves the accuracy and feasibility of using DEM to study the cutting performance of coal plow.

Evaluation of plow system performance in long-wall mining method using particle flow code

The underground or open-pit methods are used for the extraction of mineral resources, each of which is divided into different categories. Coal is one of the mineral resources, which is exploited either by the surface or the underground methods. The long-wall mining is one of the methods for the underground coal mining. In this method, which is a mechanized one, some machines such as the shearer or plow are used for the mining. The coal mine in Parvadeh, Tabas is a mechanized mine that is extracted by the long-wall mining. The modeling with particle flow code software was used in this mine for the evaluation of plow performance using the coal specifications. In this regard, the sample was first calibrated by sampling from the Parvadeh coal mine and performing the uniaxial and Brazilian tests on the model. Then, the modeling was done by constructing the model and using the variables such as the clearance angle and the linear velocity of the plow. After making 28 models for the plow, the best model of the plow was selected based on the maximum force applied to the machine in the X direction. Finally, the results of this study showed that the best plow performance is for a model with the clearance angle of zero and the linear velocity of 9 mm/min, and the maximum force applied to this model is equal to 39,000 kN in the X direction.

Evaluation Performance of Disc Plow with a Notched Disc

Evaluation Performance of Disc Plow with a Notched Disc

Evaluation of heavy chisel plow performance in different speeds in terms of some mechanical performance indicators

Evaluation of heavy chisel plow performance in different speeds in terms of some mechanical performance indicators

A mobile, in-situ soil bin test facility to investigate the performance of maresha plough

Ethiopia is well known for its use of an ard plough dating from antiquity – maresha – which fractures and disturbs the soil. However, hardly any notable progress of experimental research on this animal drawn tillage tool in the field has been made. The attendant problems in current practise are soil- maresha interaction, viz., uneven oxen strength along with different pace of walking, uncontrolled implement behaviour, and field conditions. Taking stock of the experimental research on animal drawn tillage tools in general, most of the documented works on the dynamics of the interaction between soil and animal drawn tillage tools tend to rely on trial-and-error based on factors mainly based on experience and cultural context. As such, no research tailored to systematically handle the link between maresha plough and soil bin experiments exists. To this aim, this study developed a mobile in-situ soil bin facility in which the system was calibrated, tested, and evaluated under outdoor experimental conditions, wherein online measurements of draught, speed, and depth of tillage were carried out. The insights and observations gained from the experimentation were discussed and reported in terms of smooth run, overload, cyclic forces, zero speed with minimal force, stoppage, speed measurement with no force, force measurement with no speed, and low speed with low force.

Comparative Field Performance of Rotavator and Rotary Plough

The study was conducted to compare the field performance of rotavator and rotary plough in light, medium and heavy soil taking machine type and soil type as independent parameters and wheel slip (%), fuel consumption (l/h), bulk density of soil (g/cm3, before and after operation of machine), depth of cut (cm), width of cut (cm), field capacity (ha/h) and pulverization index (mm) as dependent parameters. It was found that field capacity of rotary plough was 6.1%, 12.06% and 45.7% lower than the rotavator in light, medium and heavy soil, respectively. The use of rotary plough led to 23.56% and 26.71% higher fuel consumption as compared to commercially available rotavator in light and medium soil, respectively. The pulverization index for rotary plough was 21.3%, 34.85% and 43.46% higher than that of rotavator in light, medium and heavy soil, respectively. Rotavator made smaller size of soil clods as compared to rotary plough, which is favorable for seed germination and crop growth. Tractor wheel slip for rotary plough was positive, whereas, it was negative for rotavator, which revealed that tractor with rotary plough was slipping in the soil while tractor with rotavator was skidding while operation.

The effect of buried fibres on offshore pipeline plough performance

Ploughing is a technique often used to bury offshore pipelines in the seabed. During this process the operator must ensure that a sufficiently deep, level trench is produced while towing the plough with the available bollard pull of a suitable trenching support vessel. This paper reports experimental work investigating the effect that encountering fibres or reinforcing elements such as buried tree branches in the soil (e.g. relict debris from deltaic flood washout) may have on the ploughing operation. It is shown that fibres in soil can have a reinforcing effect and hinder plough progress by both increasing tow force and leading to potential ‘ride-out’ of the plough (significant loss of trenching depth). This behaviour is correlated with the percentage of fibre reinforcement volume in sand and a simple method is provided to estimate changes in tow force and plough inclination during ploughing operations.

Theoretical substantiation of vertical load on roller disk of plough device

Influence of design and operating parameters on quality indices of plough performance is researched theoretically. Dependence of desired disk load on its radius, travel depth, thickness, sharpening angle and forward speed is considered.

Effect of trash board on moldboard plough performance at low speed and under two straw conditions

Draught requirement is an important parameter for tillage tool performances. This study investigated the influence of trash board on the performance of moldboard plough and the system optimization. Draught and vertical forces acting on the plough were measured with and without a trash board under two straw conditions, i.e. with only stubbles and with dense straw cover. Field soil moisture content was kept at 30%. The study also used the finite element method (FEM) to simulate stress distribution on the plough. Results showed that draught significantly increased without trash board under dense straw cover as compared with only stubbles. The trash board attachment reduced draught significantly. Similar trend was also true for vertical force. FEM results were found to be compatible with the experiment. The simulated maximum equivalent stress acting on the mouldboard plough was 279.43MPa, while the material’s yield stress was 250MPa. Attaching trash board with the moldboard plough is important where straw cover was dense.

Rigid dynamic performance simulation of an offshore pipeline plough

Abstract Offshore pipeline ploughs are used for laying pipelines in seabed trenches; these devices primarily consist of a plough body and skid and steering systems. Research on the virtual dynamic analysis of this system is essential for predicting the dynamic performance of the plough during trenching and steering. In this work, a 3-D rigid body dynamic simulation model is developed to investigate the performance of the simulated plough under different operating conditions. To verify this simulation model, an onshore field trenching study with a prototype plough was carried out. In terms of the tow force, the simulation results of the plough performance agree with the onshore field results and laboratory data within a certain range of simulation tolerance. We also present the effects of sandwaves and steering adjustment on the plough tow force. In addition, this paper addresses the development process and the dynamic results of the simulation model with a flexible towline.

PERFORMANCE OF COMBINED SUBSOILER AND MOLDBOARD PLOW IN IMPERVIOUS SOIL AND CORN YIELD

A trial was conducted in a private field at Al-Hartha township, Al-Basrah Governorate, Iraq on autumn season 2012 to investigate the effect of using combined subsoiler with a moldboard plow to make furrows of different depths and spacings immediately after harvest of barley crop for winter season without tillage of the whole field. The study included also plow performance in treating hard subsoil layer and improvement of some physical properties of soil (apparent density, total porosity and soil penetration resistance) and effect on the yield of corn crop var. Bohoth (Researches) 106. The plow used to make furrows represented by combinations of sex double treatments for subsoiler and moldboard plows (S30 M­20 , S40 M­20 , S40 M­30 , S50 M­20 , S50 M­30 and S50 M­40) where S denotes subsoiler and M moldboard plows, while the ancillary number denotes the depth of tine for both plows. Two spacings, i.e. 75 and 100 cm were used between furrows. Control treatment consisted of tillage with moldboard plow at depth of 25 cm using furrow opener to open furrows at 25 cm depth. The field soil was silty clay containing a hard pan of 10 cm thickness at 30-40 cm depth. Randomized complete block design (RCBD)was used with three replicates. Differences between means wre tested by RLSD at p = 0.05. The results indicated the significant superiority of furrow depth treatments using combined subsoiler plow comparing with control treatment in all studied properties. The increase in furrow depth within study ranges resulted in reducing apparent density and soil penetration resistance with increase in soil total porosity, which reflected positively in increased row and seed numbers in corn ear. Plant seed yield improved also, which contributed in significant increases in corn seeds (Mg. h-1). Distances between furrows did not show a significant effect on the studied properties. The treatment S­50 M40 of interaction between furrow depth and 75 cm distance between furrows gave the best results and achieved the highest seed yield of 4.928 Mg. h-1.

Optimized design for the plow of a submarine plowing trencher

The plow of the submarine plowing trencher is one of the main functional mechanisms, and its optimization is very important. The design parameters play a very significant role in determining the requirements of the towing force of a vessel. A multi-objective genetic algorithm based on analytical models of the plow surface has been examined and applied in efforts to obtain optimal design of the plow. For a specific soil condition, the draft force and moldboard surface area which are the key parameters in the working process of the plow are optimized by finding the corresponding optimal values of the plow blade penetration angle and two surface angles of the main cutting blade of the plow. Parameters such as the moldboard side angle of deviation, moldboard lift angle, angular variation of the tangent line, and the spanning length are also analyzed with respect to the force of the moldboard surface along soil flow direction. Results show that the optimized plow has an improved plow performance. The draft forces of the main cutting blade and the moldboard are 10.6% and 7%, respectively, less than the original design. The standard deviation of Gaussian curvature of moldboard is lowered by 64.5%, which implies that the smoothness of the optimized moldboard surface is much greater than the original.