Plied Yarns Research Articles

Sound absorption of crochet fabrics with multi-plied yarns

This work has provided an experimental study on the sound absorption properties of crochet fabrics. Four kinds of three-plied, four-plied, five-plied, and six-plied yarns were used in the study due to their different structural features. The porous structure and acoustical characteristic of fabricated crochet fabrics were characterized. The effects of different multi-layer structures and plied yarns on sound absorption were also further investigated using impedance measurement tube method. It has been found that both plied yarns and multilayer configurations can significantly determine the sound absorption efficiency. The results indicated that the absorption coefficient of monolayer crochet fabric with six-plied yarns is 0.57, and all the multilayer crochet fabrics exhibited the absorption coefficient of higher than 0.65. In summary, this work has demonstrated that crochet fabrics with good sound absorbability is promising for potential noise reduction and control applications in interior decorations.

Fabrication of Low-Twist and High-Strength Metallic Fibre Hybrid Spun Yarns

Stainless-steel fibre hybrid spun yarns are becoming increasingly popular due to their wide range of applications. In this aspect, the cost-effective and scalable processing of such yarns is highly important. Stainless-steel staple fibres are relatively heavier and weaker compared to conventional textile fibres. As a result, the staple spinning processing of these fibres showing higher tensile strength and productivity both at the same time is quite challenging. In this manuscript, we explored a number of spinning techniques to find the optimised method of producing low-twist and high-strength stainless-steel fibre hybrid spun yarns offering the advantage of both quality and productivity. Conventional ring spinning, folding and twisting, and advanced ring spinning techniques (ARSTs) such as pneumatic compact ring spinning and pneumatic compact SIRO spinning were employed in this study. Additionally, the plain and SIRO yarns were produced in two forms using the compact spinning method, one with pneumatic suction active (compact plain, compact SIRO) and other with pneumatic suction inactive (noncompact plain, noncompact SIRO). The tensile properties of yarns were tested and analysed. The results reveal that the tensile properties of conventional ring-spun and plied yarns can be enhanced to some extent by increasing the twist coefficient (TC) and the number of yarn plies, respectively. In contrast, by finding optimised spinning parameters, a substantially higher tensile strength (up to 16%) of yarns, produced at ARSTs, was observed even at the minimum level of TC used in experiments. The findings of the study are extremely valuable in terms of scaling up the production of high-quality metallic fibre hybrid spun yarns at a higher productivity level.

Effect of Different Yarn Combinations on Auxetic Properties of Plied Yarns

Abstract This study presents the effects of a novel plied yarn structure consisting of different yarn components and yarn twist levels on the Poisson's ratio and auxetic behavior of yarns. The plied yarn structures are formed with bulky and soft yarn components (helical plied yarn [HPY], braided yarn, and monofilament latex yarn) and stiff yarn components (such as high tenacity [HT] and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]-coated polyester yarns) to achieve auxetic behavior. Experimental results showed that as the level of yarn twist increased, the Poisson's ratios and the tensile modulus values of the plied yarns decreased, but the elongation values increased. A negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) was obtained in HT–latex and PVC–latex plied yarns with a low twist level. The plied yarns formed with braid–HPY and braid–braid components gave partial NPR under tension. A similar result was achieved for yarns with HT–latex and PVC–latex components. Since partial NPR was seen in novel plied yarns with braided and HPY components, it is concluded that yarns formed with bulky–bulky yarn components could give an auxetic performance under tension.

Study of Weft Yarn Motion Behavior at Air-Jet Weaving Machine.(Dept.T)

Hairiness degree is of great important for yarn motion during air - jet filling insertion . therefore the hairiness degree of gray, waxed, dyed, singed and mercerized single / plied yarns was measured and analysed. Also yarn motion during air-jet filling insertion for previous mentioned yarns were measured and analysed experimentally. The results indicated generally that, the single yarns were showed a higher degree of hairiness than that of plied yarns. Also the waxed yarns of both types were showed the best motion behavior than the other yarns. The results indicated also that weft velocity increases by the increase in main nozzle pressure.

A Study of The Plied Yarn Twist Factor.(Dept.T)

This paper presents a new formula of twist multiplier for plied yarns. The study concerned the influence of several parameters such as: Fiber parameters, the bottom twist, single yarn liear density of plies. The experiments carried out on Ring-Spun plied cotton yarns and theoretical analysis based on the idealized yarn structure. The results obtained with predicted formula show a constant twist multiplier for all plied yarns.

Processing of metallic fiber hybrid spun yarns for better electrical conductivity

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed at processing of metallic fiber hybrid spun yarns consisting of polyester/stainless steel and viscose/stainless steel staple fibers to achieve better electrical conductivity. Conventional ring spinning machine and ring twister machine were used to produce the single and plied yarns respectively. The linear electrical resistance of yarns was analyzed with reference to the three levels of twist multiplier (TM) for same yarn count, three levels of yarn fineness (Ne) at the same TM level, and number of plies for the same final yarn count. These results showed that by increasing twist, the electrical conductivity of yarn was increased. However, yarn fineness was in inverse relation with the electrical conductivity of yarns. The effect of yarn plying and twisting to produce the Ne 10s yarn was also found critical in governing the electrical properties. The electrical conductivity of viscose and stainless steel hybrid yarn was found more sensitive to increase with an increase in relative humidity contrary to that of polyester and stainless steel hybrid yarns. The findings of the study are significant to produce the hybrid spun conductive yarns for their potential applications in a variety of tailor-made functional, protective and smart textiles.

Woven Fabrics Made of Auxetic Plied Yarns.

Auxetic plied yarns are specially constructed with two types of single yarns of different sizes and moduli. This paper investigates how to use these types of yarns to produce woven fabrics with auxetic effects. Four-ply auxetic yarns were first incorporated into a series of woven fabrics with different design parameters to study their auxetic behavior and percent open area during extension. Effects of auxetic plied yarn arrangement, single component yarn properties, weft yarn type, and weave structure were then evaluated. Additional double helical yarn (DHY) and 6-ply auxetic yarn woven fabrics were also made for comparison. The results show that the alternative arrangement of S- and Z-twisted 4-ply auxetic yarns in a woven fabric can generate a higher negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) of the fabric. While the higher single stiff yarn modulus of auxetic yarn can result in greater NPR behavior, finer soft auxetic yarn does not necessarily generate such an effect. Weft yarns with low modulus and short float over the 4-ply auxetic yarns in fabric structure are favorable for producing high NPR behavior. The weft cover factor greatly affects the variation of the percent open area of the 4-ply auxetic yarn fabrics during extension. When different kinds of helical auxetic yarns (HAYs) are made into fabrics, the fabric made of DHY does not have the highest NPR effect but it has the highest percent open area, which increases with increasing tensile strain.

An optimum standard techniques of Two-For-one-Twister m/c for combed cotton yarns.

Every twisted yarn has different specifications according to end use (raw material- blend ratio- yarn count- spinning method- T.P.I- twist direction- number of single yarn). So techniques of Two-For-one-Twister spindle must be changed with every item for example : The Tensor Device content (Spring Type- Tension Dial- Break Disk- Washer Tensor), Balloon Guide Rod, Over Feed Roller, Tension Ball Bearing (Guide Roller) and T.F.O Spindles Speed. With every item must make many experimental work to defined all these techniques exactly and produce plied yarn with regular T.P.I to prevent snarl, in addition to techniques of Two-For-one-Twister spindle are different according to m/c company (country mad in). Industrial establishment produce every day a lot of combed cotton plied yarns with different specifications and to avoid mistakes thinking to create database using to obtain right data of previous standard techniques to every plied combed cotton yarn two- fold, three fold and four fold. By this method safe time, effort and money using three different types of (T.F.O) m/c Lee Wha m/c, Murata m/c, Volkmann m/c and Definition the best one for combed cotton plied yarns through physical and mechanical properties of produced yarns. Objectives : Design database for optimum standard techniques of Two-For-One-Twister spindle on three different types of machines using the majority of combed cotton plied yarns (two- fold, three fold and four fold). Save time, efforts and avoid production mistakes, thus increase performance level due to several techniques of Two-For-One-Twister spindle and several items of combed cotton plied yarns. Definition the best type of Two-For-One-Twister m/c suitable for combed cotton plied yarns through physical and mechanical properties of pied- twisted yarns that increase product quality and achieve functional performance. Methodology : experimental and analytical methods. Results : Using optimum standard techniques of Two-For-one-Twister database save time, efforts and prevent production mistakes that increase performance level. Volkmann VTS 09 M/C the best type of Two-For-One-Twister m/c suitable for combed plied cotton yarns through physical and mechanical properties of pied- twisted yarns. Volkmann VTS 09 M/C decreased Hairiness and imperfections of ply- twisted yarns compared with Murata M/C and Lee Wha M/C. The tensile strength and breaking elongation of Plied twisted yarns used Volkmann VTS 09 M/C was higher than Murata M/C and Lee wha M/C. Volkmann VTS 09 M/C Plied- twisted yarns T.P.I regular than Murata M/C and lee Wha M/C. Optimum standard techniques of Two-For-one-Twister for combed cotton yarns (Z/S) is the same with combed cotton yarns (S/Z).

Auxetics and Other Systems of Anomalous Characteristics

Auxetics and Other Systems of Anomalous Characteristics

Nanofibrous Smart Fabrics from Twisted Yarns of Electrospun Piezopolymer.

Smart textiles are envisioned to make a paradigm shift in wearable technologies to directly impart functionality into the fibers rather than integrating sensors and electronics onto conformal substrates or skin in wearable devices. Among smart materials, piezoelectric fabrics have not been widely reported, yet. Piezoelectric smart fabrics can be used for mechanical energy harvesting, for thermal energy harvesting through the pyroelectric effect, for ferroelectric applications, as pressure and force sensors, for motion detection, and for ultrasonic sensing. We report on mechanical and material properties of the plied nanofibrous piezoelectric yarns as a function of postprocessing conditions including thermal annealing and drawing (stretching). In addition, we used a continuous electrospinning setup to directly produce P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers and convert them into twisted plied yarns, and demonstrated application of these plied yarns in woven piezoelectric fabrics. The results of this work can be an early step toward realization of piezoelectric smart fabrics.

Impact of Plying on the Physical Properties of Vortex and Other Spun Yarns

The physical properties of two ply yarns made from vortex, ring, compact, and rotor singles have been investigated by changing ply twist factor. The physical parameters like yarn diameter, plied yarn length, twist liveliness have been found to be significantly affected by the ply twist factor. Though plying increases the yarn diameter for all, the percentage increase in diameter with respect to single yarn is the minimum for vortex yarns. The ply twist factor at which the real contraction starts is also the lowest for vortex yarns. Amongst the plied yarns, those made from rotor yarns show minimum twist liveliness. A minimum ply twist threshold exists below which hockles (a hole like structure) in ply yarns are observed.

Effect of linear density and yarn structure on the mechanical properties of ramie fiber yarn reinforced composites

Effects of linear density and yarn structure on both static and dynamic mechanical properties of ramie fiber yarn reinforced composites (RYRCs) were investigated. The failure mechanisms of RYRCs were analyzed with the aid of ultrasonic C-scan and Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the tensile strength of RYRCs increased gradually with increase of the linear density of the single yarns. The maximum tensile strength was obtained when the linear density reached 67.3tex. However, a downtrend of the tensile strength was observed with further increase of the linear density of ramie single and plied yarns. The interlaminar fracture toughness was relatively high for RYRCs made from yarns with lower linear density due to the extensive fiber bridging observed during the double cantilever beam test. Meanwhile, the linear density and structure of ramie yarn had remarkable influence on the failure mode of RYRCs during the drop weight impact test.

Traditions and Inovations of Yarns in Lithuanian Folk Fabrics (19th Century)

It is actually for history of textile technologies and Lithuanian culture heritage to investigate deeply peculiarities of manufacturing and appearance of folk textile, to establish local and global tendencies of their distribution. This investigation seeks to discover alternation of home weaving traditions establishing raw material of yarns, types of yarn structure and features of threads colours in authentic folk fabrics used in Lithuanian villages in the 19th century in peasants clothing and showing yarns types territorial distribution in Lithuanian regions Žemaitija and Aukštaitija. It was investigated 468 pieces of clothing of this period from the album saved in National M. K. Čiurlionis Museum of Art. It is unexpected that cotton yarns are very common in warp of hand made clothing fabrics at the end of the 19th century. Cotton yarns replaced flax and wool in warp. It was established that plied yarns dominate in warp and plain yarns – in weft. Fancy dyed, mouline, melange and yarns with multiplex winding were identificated in the fabrics. Also it was innovative to found the metallic thread in weft of two examples of the fabrics. Frequency of colours distribution was established analyzing colours of yarns. The analysis of territorial distribution of fancy yarns types showed the tendency to spread the novelties of yarns and threads in traditional textile from the West part of the country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.19.2.4436

Effect of Heat-Treated Process on Tensile Property of PLA Plied-Yarn

Polylactic acid (PLA) fiber, as a biodegradable synthetic aliphatic polyester fiber, has properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability and processing. Therefore, this study used PLA multifilament to prepare numerous plied yarns, respectively 75D, 75D×2, 75D×3, 75D×4 and 75D×5. Afterwards, these yarns were twisted with 3, 5, 7 twist/inch and then heat-treated respectively. The resulting yarns were tested for their tensile property tensile tenacity and tensile elongation. Moreover, the heat-treated effect was discussed on influencing tensile property.

Mechanical Modeling of Tenacity: Application for the Ring and Open-End Plied Yarns

ABSTRACT This work presents an analysis of a mechanical model for cotton plied yarns' tenacity. Results show that the tenacity of a plied yarn depends on the parameters of twisting and the linear density. For verification of the theory, we have also applied this model for the ring and Open End plied yarns. Comparison between experimental data and theoretical predictions showed that the predicted yarn tenacity is in reasonable agreement with experiment results.

Study on the liquid flow behaviour of cotton wick

The present paper reports the interaction effect of yarn twist, yarn count and number of plies on wicking behaviour of plied cotton yarn. A three-variable factorial design technique proposed by Box & Behnken was used to investigate the combined interaction effect of the above variables. Both the vertical as well as horizontal wicking experiments were carried out with liquids of varying surface tensions, like distilled water, saline water and petrol. Each wick samples were subjected to nine different types of wicking related tests. The yarn count and number of plies in the cotton wick was found to play major role in wicking related properties, whereas the effect of twist in plied cotton wick was not that prominent when the twist per unit length of single and plied yarns were the same and in opposite direction. The rate of vertical wicking for saline water was found to be significantly lower than that of distilled water. The rate of horizontal wicking for distilled water was less than that of vertical wicking of distilled water. Use two or three parallel strands instead of one resulted in marked increase of vertical wicking.

Factors Affecting Dimensional Properties of Cotton Plain-Jersey Fabrics

The effect of fabric tightness (K) and relaxation treatment on the dimensional parameters (kc; , kw;, ks; =kc; ×kw; and kr; =kc; /kw; ) and the ratio t/l for plain-jersey fabrics is investigated experimentally, using plied yarn of nylon multiple filament, that of cotton yarn, and paralleled cotton yarn.For coarse nylon plain-jersey fabrics, the dimensional parameters are independent of the fabric tightness and the method of relaxation treatment used. The ratio t/l is dependent on the fabric tightness, and independent of the method of relaxation treatment used.For cotton plain-jersey fabrics knitted of plied yarns, the dimensional parameters and the ratio t/l are dependent on the fabric tightness and the method of relaxation treatment used. For these knitted of paralleled yarns, kr is dependent on the fabric tightness, and kc; , kw; , ks; and the ratio t/l are dependent on the fabric tightness and the method of relaxation treatment used.

The Torque Generated in Single and Multi-Ply Yarns as a Function of Changes in Yarn Tension

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of the torque generated in a yarn as a result of a change in applied tensile stress. Single and plied yarn structures are analyzed, and it is shown that for small elastic extensions of a yarn, the change in yarn torque is linearly related to the applied tensile force P and also to the yarn twist. For plied yarns, a ratio of ply twist to single-yarn twist exists, for which the structure is torsionally insensitive to changes in applied tension. An expression is derived, relating this twist ratio to the yarn geometry, and values of 0.33, 0.20, and 0.11 are experimentally verified for 2-, 4-, and 7-ply yarns, respectively.

13—A STUDY OF TORSIONAL STABILITY IN PLIED YARNS

In this paper, a study is made of the self-plying mechanism, by which torsional stability is spontaneously achieved in plied yarns. It is proposed that the state of twist balance, or zero torque, is reached when the torsional energy released by the effective untwisting of the yarn during plying is equal to the yarn-bending energy used in the plying process. This hypothesis is supported by extensive experimental evidence reported in the paper. Calibration curves are presented that give the ply twist of a balanced two-, four-, or seven-ply yarn as a function of the single-yarn twist factor. These curves are characterized by the basic yarn structure (i.e., multifilament or staple-fibre), the degree of relaxation of the torsional stresses in the single yarn before plying, and the constituent fibre type (specifically, the ratio of fibre torsional to bending rigidity.)

クレープ織物の設計に関する研究 ＩＶ 絞ちりめんの収縮挙動について

To improve the dimensional stability of figured crepe fabrics made of hard plied yarns, the mechanisms havebeen investigated of warp and weft-wise shrinkage and extension caused by performances of hard twist yarns, designing, weaving, degumming and finishing conditions. The following fundamental empirical equations have been derived.(1) A warp-wise shrinkage caused by weaving and degumming is proportional to K1 for flat woven crepe fabrics and to Kc for figured weft double crepe fabrics.(2) A weft-wise shrinkage is expressed by : f (s) =a1 (M. T. C.) /K2, for flat woven crepe fabrics, andf (s) = (1.730×10-4×M. T. C.-0.2K1+5.91) /Kf, for figured weft double crepe fabrics, where, α1 : experimental constant depending on the fabric construction, K1 and K2 : cover factors of flat woven crepe fabrics at warp and weft-wise direction respectively, Kc and Kf : cover factors of figured weft double crepe fabrics at warp-and weft-wise direction respectively, andM. T. C. : Multi-play Twist Coefficient.