Plenty Of Room Research Articles

Editorial for the Special Issue on Nanomaterials Photonics

Back in 1959, Richard Feynman, in his famous lecture, stated that “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, which made us aware of the possibilities of nanotechnology, i [...]

Emerging Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Nanotechnology is a great choice for medical research, and the green synthesis approach is a novel and better way to synthesize nanoparticles. Biological sources are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and allow large-scale production of nanoparticles. Naturally obtained 3 β-hydroxy-urs- 12-en-28-oic acids reported for neuroprotective and dendritic structure are reported as solubility enhancers. Plants are free from toxic substances and act as natural capping agents. In this review, the pharmacological properties of ursolic acid (UA) and the structural properties of the dendritic structure are discussed. UA acid appears to have negligible toxicity and immunogenicity, as well as favorable biodistribution, according to the current study, and the dendritic structure improves drug solubility, prevents drug degradation, increases circulation time, and potentially targets by using different pathways with different routes of administration. Nanotechnology is a field in which materials are synthesized at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology could be the next frontier of humankind's technological advancement. Richard Feynman first used the term 'Nanotechnology' in his lecture, "There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom", on 29th December, 1959, and since then, interest has increased in the research on nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is capable of helping humanity by solving major challenges, particularly in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent type, which may account for 60-70% of cases. Other significant forms of dementia include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (abnormal protein aggregates that form inside nerve cells), and a number of illnesses that exacerbate frontotemporal dementia. Dementia is an acquired loss of cognition in several cognitive domains that are severe enough to interfere with social or professional functioning. However, dementia frequently co-occurs with other neuropathologies, typically AD with cerebrovascular dysfunction. Clinical presentations show that neurodegenerative diseases are often incurable because patients permanently lose some neurons. A growing body of research suggests that they also advance our knowledge of the processes that are probably crucial for maintaining the health and functionality of the brain. Serious neurological impairment and neuronal death are the main features of neurodegenerative illnesses, which are also extremely crippling ailments. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders cause cognitive impairment and dementia, and as average life expectancy rises globally, their effects become more noticeable.

"There's plenty of room at the bottom": deep brain imaging with holographic endo-microscopy.

Over more than 300 years, microscopic imaging keeps providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of living organisms. Seeing microscopic structures beyond the reach of free-space light-based microscopy, however, requires dissection of the tissue-an intervention seriously disturbing its physiological functions. The hunt for low-invasiveness tools has led a growing community of physicists and engineers into the realm of complex media photonics. One of its activities represents exploiting multimode optical fibers (MMFs) as ultra-thin endoscopic probes. Employing wavefront shaping, these tools only recently facilitated the first peeks at cells and their sub-cellular compartments at the bottom of the mouse brain with the impact of micro-scale tissue damage. Here, we aim to highlight advances in MMF-based holographic endo-microscopy facilitating microscopic imaging throughout the whole depth of the mouse brain. We summarize the important technical and methodological prerequisites for stabile high-resolution imaging in vivo. We showcase images of the microscopic building blocks of brain tissue, including neurons, neuronal processes, vessels, intracellular calcium signaling, and red blood cell velocity in individual vessels. This perspective article helps to understand the complexity behind the technology of holographic endo-microscopy, summarizes its recent advances and challenges, and stimulates the mind of the reader for further exploitation of this tool in the neuroscience research.

Investigation of Biological Activities Catalytic Activity Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized By Using Mulberry (Morus) Leaf Extract

Few decades ago, almost no one understood the importance of remark “There is plenty of room at the bottom” expressed by Robert Feynman until its reality appeared in the form of technology called nanotechnology, which has left its footprints in almost every field of science and technology. Nano- technology is based on two approaches i.e. Top-Down Approach and Bottom-up Approach. These two approaches include different physical, chemical and biological methods for the production of materials at Nano scale. Biological method, especially use of plant parts (green method) is strongly recommended nowadays due its unique features i.e. simplicity, biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In the present study, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles through green method by using Mulberry leaves. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transformer-infrared, and X-ray Diffraction. The nanoparticles were studied for their different activities, i.e. antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, catalytic activity and cytotoxic activity.

Pitfalls and promises of bile duct alternatives: There is plenty of room in the regenerative surgery.

Current abdominal surgery has several approaches for biliary reconstruction. However, the creation of functional and clinically applicable bile duct substitutes still represents an unmet need. In the paper by Miyazawa and colleagues, approaches to the creation of bile duct alternatives were summarized, and the reasons for the lack of development in this area were explained. The history of bile duct surgery since the nineteenth century was also traced, leading to the conclusion that the use of bioabsorbable materials holds promise for the creation of bile duct substitutes in the future. We suggest three ideas that may stimulate progress in the field of bile duct substitute creation. First, a systematic analysis of the causative factors leading to failure or success in the creation of bile duct substitutes may help to develop more effective approaches. Second, the regeneration of a bile duct is delicately balanced between epithelialization and subsequent submucosal maturation within limited time frames, which may be more apparent when using quantitative models to estimate outcomes. Third, the utilization of the organism's endogenous regeneration abilities may enhance the creation of bile duct substitutes. We are convinced that an interdisciplinary approach, including quantitative methods, machine learning, and deep retrospective analysis of the causes that led to success and failure in studies on the creation of bile duct substitutes, holds great value. Additionally, more attention should be directed towards the balance of epithelialization and submucosal maturation rates, as well as induced angiogenesis. These ideas deserve further investigation to pave the way for bile duct restoration with physiologically relevant outcomes.

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS): Fabrication Using DEMATEL Method

microelectromechanical systems (mems): fabrication Introduction: Micro-electromechanical systems (mems) are mechanical and small for connecting electrical components and integrated devices or used to create systems a process is a technology. They are integrated circuits (ic). Batch processing techniques fabricated using a few micrometers to millimeters will be up to of the smallest machines energy, the technology that can create them appreciated before existence, for example, Richard Feynman's The famous 1959 lecture there is plenty of room at the bottom. Mems are modified semiconductor device fabrication using technologies once fabricated, the practice came electronics in general used for making, molding, and plating, wet etching (Koh, tmah), and dry etching machine (EDM) and small ability to manufacture devices other technologies with. Research significance: Micro-electro-mechanical systems or mems stands for technology, it's formed using microfabrication techniques in a general form small mechanical and electro mechanical components viz devices and structures can be defined as mems devices important physical dimensions at the lower end of the dimension spectrum many from below one micron varies up to millimeters. Likewise, mems device types, with no moving parts from very simple structures integrated microelectronics multiple moving components under control containing highly complex electro as far as mechanical systems vary. A core of mems the criterion is, at least some elements types of mechanical operations contain, these organs move can it or not? Define mems the term used is that of the world it varies in different regions. In the united states, they are mainly called mems, at the same time some other parts of the world in areas they are “microsystems technology” or “micro machines called devices”. Functional components of mems miniaturized structures, sensors, and actuators, and although microelectronics, very remarkable and very interesting elements are micro-sensors and micro-actuators micro sensors and micro actuators are "transducers". Are properly classified as they are from a form of energy converted to another format and are defined as devices. In micro sensors, the device generally measured mechanical converts signal into an electrical signal. Methodology: the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (dematel) is regarded as an efficient technique for locating the causal links in a complex system. It focuses on assessing the interdependencies between elements and identifying the crucial ones using a visual structural model. Alternative: electrical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, chemical Evaluation preference: electrical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, chemical Results: from the result, it is seen that electrical got the first rank whereas the thermal is having the lowest rank. Conclusion: as can be seen, electrical has the lowest rating while thermal has the top rank.

Every information context is a CRiTical Race information Theory opportunity: informatic considerations for the information industrial complex

PurposeThis paper is an extension of a panel presentation delivered in response to a joint call for panels by the Social Informatics and Information Ethics and Policy Special Interest Groups for the 2022 Association for Information Science and Technology conference. The purpose is to introduce critical race frameworks and tenets as a lens to develop, assess and analyze the social informatics (SI) within information science (IS) research, professional discourse, praxis and pedagogical paradigms. This paper spotlights one of the presentations from that panel, an iteration of Critical Race Theory (CRT) designed specifically for information studies: CRiTical Race information Theory (CRiT).Design/methodology/approachJust as importantly, using SI as part of the context, the paper also includes a discussion that illustrates research and theory building possibilities as both counter and complement to the technocratic advances that permeate society at every level (macro, mezzo and micro), which can also be reasonably framed as the information industrial complex. Thus, CRiT joins other forms of critical discourse and praxis grappling with deconstructing, decolonizing, demarginalizing and demystifying the influence and impact of information technologies. While CRiT has global intentions and implications, this specific discussion has an extensive American focus.FindingsIf we consider the rapid pace in which techno-determinism is moving toward the vise grip of techno-fatalism controlled by frameworks generated from the information industrial complex, we can reasonably consider that humanity on a global basis is living within a meta-large technocratic crisis moment. This crisis moment is both acute and chronic. That is, the technocratic crisis is continuously moving quickly while simultaneously worsening over an extended period of time with no remedies and few responses to substantively address the crisis.Research limitations/implicationsPart of the nature of information and data is measurability. Thus, identifying compatible nomenclature connecting the descriptiveness of intersectionality (a seminal CRT tool) as a qualitative research method to the measurability of data connected to quantitative research, a mixed method approach moves from possible to plausible. Additionally, within IS, there are often opportunities to measure human engagement, such as social media content, search engine use, assessing practices of categorizations, and multiple forms of surveillance data as a short list. Hence, the descriptiveness of intersectional qualitative research “mixed” with the measurability of quantitative research within information settings implies exponential methodological possibilities.Practical implicationsCRiT is multilayered, on the one hand, with the intention of being a discipline-specific, information-specific form of CRT. On the other hand, CRiT theory building is interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary based on information as omnipresent phenomena. An ongoing challenge for CRiT theory building is identifying and working within a balance between, practitioners who typically throw anything and everything at practical problems, while scholars often slice problems into such small segments that practical understanding is severely limited. Embracing and integrating the dynamic interplay between developing ideas and using them is the key to evolving CRiT within the social sciences.Social implicationsThere is plenty of room as well as a need for additional narrative discussing or challenging the use or appropriation of information from a technocratic approach, a counter to the information industrial complex.Originality/valueCRiT is emerging and cutting edge in discussion that addresses the technocratic determinism found in most scholarly discourses.

Topologically quantized Schwarzschild black hole

We present a new version of the Schwarzschild solution that involves an intrinsically discrete structure apt for quantization. Our method is the harmonic mapping of the unit sphere (S 2) into itself. This explains the areal quantization whereas the energy quantum derives from the energy of the harmonic map. Likewise, all thermodynamical quantities are naturally quantized at lower orders. ‘There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom’ R. P. Feynman [R. P. Feynman, Lecture given on December 29, 1959 at the annual meeting of the APS with the title There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics.

Effect of Mask Geometry Variation on Plasma Etching Profiles

It is becoming quite evident that, when it comes to the further scaling of advanced node transistors, increasing the flash memory storage capacity, and enabling the on-chip integration of multiple functionalities, "there's plenty of room at the top". The fabrication of vertical, three-dimensional features as enablers of these advanced technologies in semiconductor devices is commonly achieved using plasma etching. Of the available plasma chemistries, SF6/O2 is one of the most frequently applied. Therefore, having a predictive model for this process is indispensable in the design cycle of semiconductor devices. In this work, we implement a physical SF6/O2 plasma etching model which is based on Langmuir adsorption and is calibrated and validated to published equipment parameters. The model is implemented in a broadly applicable in-house process simulator ViennaPS, which includes Monte Carlo ray tracing and a level set-based surface description. We then use the model to study the impact of the mask geometry on the feature profile, when etching through circular and rectangular mask openings. The resulting dimensions of a cylindrical hole or trench can vary greatly due to variations in mask properties, such as its etch rate, taper angle, faceting, and thickness. The peak depth for both the etched cylindrical hole and trench occurs when the mask is tapered at about 0.5°, and this peak shifts towards higher angles in the case of high passivation effects during the etch. The minimum bowing occurs at the peak depth, and it increases with an increasing taper angle. For thin-mask faceting, it is observed that the maximum depth increases with an increasing taper angle, without a significant variation between thin masks. Bowing is observed to be at a maximum when the mask taper angle is between 15° and 20°. Finally, the mask etch rate variation, describing the etching of different mask materials, shows that, when a significant portion of the mask is etched away, there is a notable increase in vertical etching and a decrease in bowing. Ultimately, the implemented model and framework are useful for providing a guideline for mask design rules.

There Is Plenty of Room in Plant Science: Nanobiotechnology as an Emerging Area Applied to Somatic Embryogenesis.

Somatic embryogenesis is an essential technology for high productivity in plant culture, and with the advent of nanotechnology, the synergism between these areas could be the answer to developing concepts involving Agriculture 4.0. This perspective permeates both areas, presenting the opportunities and challenges for the consolidation of ideas involving the application of nanoparticles to micropropagation processes (callus induction, preservation, growing, and modification, among others) and also to the production of byproducts (such as biosynthesis of nanoparticles and production of secondary metabolites). Nanotoxicological aspects are also emphasized as well as up-to-date instrumentation involved in these studies.

Nano, Bits, and Feynman’s Dream: There’s Plenty of Room at the (Molecular) Bottom

The activity presented here is about an approximate or order-of-magnitude approach to information technology on the nano level, dealing in particular with the genetic code. Based on “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, the famous and visionary paper by Richard Feynman, the activity provides insight into a core concept of nanoscience and technology (NST): “information” and the extremely high information density in human DNA as a natural example of a nanostructure. Specifically, students calculate several estimates from Feynman’s paper, using elementary knowledge about the chemical structure of DNA and basic mathematics. The activity is appropriate for upper high-school and early undergraduate students and nonmajor courses.

Plenty of Room on the Top: Pathways and Spectroscopic Signatures of Singlet Fission from Upper Singlet States.

We investigate dynamic signatures of the singlet fission (SF) process triggered by the excitation of a molecular system to an upper singlet state SN (N > 1) and develop a computational methodology for the simulation of nonlinear spectroscopic signals revealing the SN → TT1 SF in real time. We demonstrate that SF can proceed directly from the upper state SN, bypassing the lowest excited state, S1. We determine the main SN → TT1 reaction pathways and show by computer simulation and spectroscopic measurements that the SN-initiated SF can be faster and more efficient than the traditionally studied S1 → TT1 SF. We claim that the SN → TT1 SF offers novel promising opportunities for engineering SF systems and enhancing SF yields.

Commentary: Thinking of moving from academia into industry? Here are some things to consider

Commentary: Thinking of moving from academia into industry? Here are some things to consider

A review on applications and toxicities of metallic nanoparticles in mammalian semen biology.

The advent of nanotechnology since the 1950s, when the well-known physicist Richard P. Feynman talked in his famous talk about "There's plenty of room at the bottom", has led to incredible contribution of nanotechnology in the fields of medical and veterinary therapeutics, diagnostics and other applications. Semen biology dealing with the study of spermatozoa and its related physiological and pathological aspects has not remained unscathed from the facets of nanotechnology. With each passing day investigators are revealing newer aspects of the nanoparticles, such as an antioxidants to relieve oxidative stress during semen cryopreservation, for the depletion of moribund spermatozoa from semen, gender selection of spermatozoa, bio-imaging of gametes, sperm mediated gene transfer, as well as for male fertility evaluation. As, the uses of various magnetic nanoparticles in the industry have gained acceleration, the evaluation of their effects, either beneficial or otherwise on the mammalian spermatozoa becomes obligatory. Many toxicological studies have also been conducted in respect to the harmful effects of different metallic nanoparticles related to their applicability, and industry borne adverse effects on the male germ cells in human beings and the animals. This review has been designed to focus on the beneficial as well as toxicological effects of various metallic nanoparticles on the mammalian spermatozoa and the future prospects related to their applicability in the semen biology.

Big Girls

Big Girls D.J. Thielke (bio) It being her birthday and a Friday, Bethany's mother talks her into swinging by Taco Bell after school. "You love Taco Bell," her mom reminds her as they pull into the parking lot. She's been doing that a lot, telling Bethany the things she loves in a goading, slightly baffled voice: you love Taco Bell, you love school, you love your Aunt Meryl! Aunt Meryl—who's sitting in the front even though it's Bethany's birthday—makes a face. "You love that dog food?" she says. But does that stop Aunt Meryl from shouldering her way through the door and up to the counter first? Ever since Aunt Meryl moved in with them a few months ago, Bethany's mom keeps saying how they need to be patient, gentle. "Your aunt's fragile right now," she says, but Aunt Meryl doesn't seem fragile; it seems as though fragile things should run, squealing porcelain peeps of terror, from big, blundering Aunt Meryl. Inside, the décor is comforting in the repetition: everywhere the pink and purple and yellow colors, everywhere the bell bursting free. Bethany orders and heads for a booth. She feels better in the booth: the table hiding most of her, the wide plastic bench with plenty of room, and she can put her backpack next to her, blocking anyone's view. Her mom and aunt arrive with the tray, the tacos in their wax paper stacked in their cheerleader pyramid, the strings of cheese on Meryl's Mexican pizza like prostrated stick figures, volcanic sacrifices. Bethany accepts her three burritos, starts in on the first. The first bite is mostly the crimped edges of overlapping tortilla folds, but the next bite is chaos, the goopey explosion peeking out below her teeth marks, and then she stops paying attention to each bite, lulled into the comforting stupor of the in and in and in of food. "So," her mom says, "your first day as a fourteen-year-old." She does a squirmy happy dance in her seat. "How was school?" She takes a bite of a soft taco and smiles at Bethany over the translucent spiked lettuce poking over the top. Bethany takes another bite of burrito so she doesn't have to answer and shrugs into the silence. In homeroom that day, J.C. Young, who sits behind Bethany, started kicking the sides of her butt that hang over the chair. She took the first time as an accident, but the white noses of his sneakers reappeared and batted—one, two, left, right—at her again. When she still didn't do anything, he pretended to pass her butt back and forth between his feet. J.C.'s a soccer player. Really good, apparently. Once, Bethany imagined Future Bethany saying in a speech, a bully toed my butt as if I were a soccer ball. This is how Bethany gets through stuff like J.C. —by thinking about what Future Bethany would say. Because Future Bethany? Future Bethany is great. More than great. Amazing. Future Bethany is always receiving an award or being interviewed, always smiling and explaining exactly what crap real Bethany is having to live through. When Future Bethany tells the story of J.C., the crowd gasps, boos— maybe J.C. is even in the audience, slumping down in his seat, feet twitching with shame. [End Page 64] I was so fat, Future Bethany explains, he put his feet on either side of me and jiggled, making motor sounds, pretending I was a boat. Again the crowd shakes their collective, sorrowful heads; again Future Bethany just smiles. Because there's nothing wrong with saying you were fat when you aren't fat anymore; nothing to be ashamed of when you look the way Bethany will look and have done the things Bethany will do. "Well, what do you know," her mom interrupts. She's smiling and pointing up. Bethany looks up, sees nothing, looks back at her mother, her insistent smile. "The song," her mom says. "Sounds familiar, doesn't it?" It's an INez song—a singer/songwriter Bethany likes okay. INez is...

When Design Meets Function: The Prodigious Role of Surface Ligands in Regulating Nanoparticle Chemistry

The underlying power of “interplay of forces” in controlling the properties and functions at the nanoscale is highlighted in this perspective. This interplay is achieved by installing attractive and repulsive forces, via proper ligand chemistry, which will guide the nanomaterials to interact with their surroundings as per the need. Along with improving the existing properties, the balancing of attractive and repulsive forces holds the prospects of imparting newer functions as well. The concept of “ligand-directed interplay of forces” is extensively practiced by our group and others for addressing many challenges in the areas of self-assembly, catalysis, light harvesting, and nanomedicine. The journey has been rewarding so far in terms of achieving many important feats in nanoscience, such as self-assembly under equilibrium and nonequilibrium regimes, outplaying ligand poisoning in nanocatalysis, channelizing the flow of energy and electron in donor–acceptor systems, multicolor photopatterning using a single nanohybrid system, biospecific targeting and therapy, and so on. As evident from this perspective, the diversity of the areas benefited showcases the breadth and depth of the impact that surface ligands and interplay of forces can have in material science. Furthermore, the implementation of the “ligand of choice” approach is one way to realize distinct and specific functions from a limited set of nanomaterials. All the examples of “ligand-directed studies” mentioned in this perspective are based on the regulation of, primarily, electrostatic forces emanating from the charged surface ligands. Thus, it will be logical to try various combinations of ligands and forces, which means that the area of “ligand-directed nanochemistry” will keep on advancing beyond our predictions. Looking forward, there is plenty of room at the NP surface.

Electrode Engineering in Halide Perovskite Electronics: Plenty of Room at the Interfaces.

Contact engineering is a prerequisite for achieving desirable functionality and performance of semiconductor electronics, which is particularly critical for organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites due to their ionic nature and highly reactive interfaces. Although the interfaces between perovskites and charge-transporting layers have attracted lots of attention due to the photovoltaic and light-emitting diode applications, achieving reliable perovskite/electrode contacts for electronic devices, such as transistors and memories, remains as a bottleneck. Herein, a critical review on the elusive nature of perovskite/electrode interfaces with a focus on the interfacial electrochemistry effects is presented. The basic guidelines of electrode selection are given for establishing non-polarized interfaces and optimal energy level alignment for perovskite materials. Furthermore, state-of-the-art strategies on interface-related electrode engineering are reviewed and discussed, which aim at achieving ohmic transport and eliminating hysteresis in perovskite devices. The role and multiple functionalities of self-assembled monolayers that offer a unique approach toward improving perovskite/electrode contacts are also discussed. The insights on electrode engineering pave the way to advancing stable and reliable perovskite devices in diverse electronic applications.

Философия, деятельность, жизнь

This paper, written to honor Prof. Vladislav Lektorsky on the occasion of his 90th birthday, addresses a subject to which Lektorsky has returned many times in the course of his long and distinguished career: the concept of activity. I begin with the distinction between activity and action, arguing against the view, associated with Leontiev, that actions are components of activities. In my view, the distinction between activity and action is an aspectual rather than ontological or mereological one. I then draw on the analysis of intentional action offered by G.E.M. Anscombe to argue that her understanding of action, intention and practical knowledge, when supplemented by insights from MacIntyre, McDowell and others, provides grounds to endorse three theses central to the activity approach (theses I find in Prof. Lektorsky’s recent summation of the tradition): that (i) consciousness, the inner plane of our mental lives, can be understood only in relation to the forms of our activity as embodied beings; (ii) human agency and behavior cannot be described or explained without essential reference to the social, cultural and historical context; and (iii) selves or persons are constituted in and through their activity. I then consider the objection that my analysis is too focused on the intentional activities of the individual, at the expense of the collective. I reply that the unit of analysis is neither the individual nor the collective, but the human life form. There is plenty of room, as there must be, for countenancing joint, shared and collective intentionality, and for recognizing that individuals and collectives do many things unintentionally. But no sense can be made of any of that without a robust account of intentional action. I believe my findings are congenial to three themes that characterize the legacy of Vladislav Lektorsky: (i) respect for the phenomenology of everyday thought and experience; (ii) humanism; and (iii) the belief that much is to be gained by bringing Russian philosophy into constructive dialogue with fruitful trends in Anglo-American philosophy.

When a molecular motor does the quantum leap

In his seminal 1959 lecture “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” Richard Feynman has put forward two challenges [1] .The first was to shrink letters to a size, which allowed writing the whole Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin - which was achieved in 1985 [2].The second challenge read: “It is my intention to offer a prize of $1,000 to the first guy who makes a rotating electric motor which can be controlled from the outside and, not counting the lead-in wires, is only 1/64th inch cubed” [1].

Frugal Science Powered by Curiosity.

More than 60 years ago, Richard Feynman gave a lecture titled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics", where he called on others to join the then-nascent field of nanotechnology. In a similar spirit, we wish to invite chemists, biologists, physicists, bioengineers, educators, high school students, and inventors of all backgrounds to join us in the emerging field of frugal science. In this Review, we define frugal science and use six case studies to describe the broad applications of frugal science, from synthetic biology to disease diagnostics. We conclude by establishing an argument for curiosity-driven research through frugal science to enable broader access in chemical and bioengineering research and drive innovation.