Pleasant Arousal Research Articles

How B&B experience affects customer value cocreation under the social servicescape: an emotional psychological perspective

ObjetivoEste estudio pretende analizar cómo la experiencia en un B&B influye en la cocreación de valor para el cliente (CVCC) a través de factores psicológicos emocionales en el marco social del servicescape.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe construyó un modelo de mediación en cadena moderado basado en el marco social del servicescape. En este estudio se recogieron 722 cuestionarios válidos mediante un muestreo de conveniencia en Xiamen, China, y se tomaron como muestra turistas con experiencias en establecimientos Bed and Breakfast (B&B). Se utilizó un análisis de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para poner a prueba las hipótesis pertinentes.ConclusionesLos resultados revelan que la experiencia en el B&B es el factor central para estimular la CVCC. En este proceso, los factores psicológicos emocionales individuales (excitación placentera y apego al lugar) desempeñan un papel mediador en cadena. Además, el carácter local modera positivamente el efecto de refuerzo de la experiencia de B&B sobre la excitación placentera y refuerza el efecto positivo de la excitación placentera sobre el apego al lugar.Implicaciones prácticasLos resultados pueden proporcionar estrategias de CVCC útiles para los operadores de B&B. Pueden lograr la CVCC mejorando las experiencias de los clientes, reforzando las interacciones emocionales y construyendo la cultura local, mejorando así la competitividad de los B&B.Originalidad/valorLa investigación actual carece de un análisis en profundidad sobre la relación interna y la lógica entre la experiencia de los B&B y la CVCC, especialmente desde las perspectivas psicológicas emocionales. Este estudio es uno de los primeros que revela el mecanismo del proceso de CVCC de los B&B bajo el modelo social del servicescape desde una perspectiva psicológica emocional. Proporciona un nuevo modelo teórico para la investigación sobre la CVCC en la lógica dominante de la experiencia.

Place attachment to pseudo establishments: An application of the stimulus-organism-response paradigm to themed hotels

This study uses the Mehrabian-Russell model to assess place attachment in the themed-hotel context. We explored the theoretical framework using four constructs related to the stimulus-organism-response paradigm. A total of 282 usable survey questionnaires were collected from travelers to test our hypotheses. We conducted multiple stages of data analysis, using structural equation modeling (SEM) and generative probabilistic modeling to verify the findings. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was adopted to further verify key attributes in servicescapes. According to the SEM results, social cues are positively associated with pleasant arousal, and ambience cues are positively associated with social cues. We also verified that pleasant arousal is positively associated with place attachment. Furthermore, we confirmed that emotional factors can trigger the formation of place attachment to a themed hotel. The LDA results allowed us to further classify servicescapes by design cues, social cues, and ambience cues. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

What is the core essence of small city boutique hotels?

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to contribute with new insights into the nature, dimensionality and measurement of the core essence of the small city boutique hotel (SCBH), something which has been limited in the literature to date. It further explores the conceptual relationships of SCBH with other constructs, providing greater understanding of the nature of these specific conceptual associations and showing that the SCBH scale exhibits construct validity.Design/methodology/approachThis study followed the Churchill’s paradigm to methodologically design the study and develop the scale. Based on an exploratory qualitative inquiry (one focus group and ten interviews) and quantitative assessment (two surveys), support was found for a three-dimensional scale.FindingsResults support the proposed measures of the scale (dream, hospitality and style) in terms of construct, convergent, discriminate, nomological and predictive validity. The findings also suggest that while authenticity acts as a SCBH antecedent, pleasant arousal and preference represent SCBH consequences.Originality/valueBy developing and validating a SCBH scale for city destination, this study addresses an identified literature gap. Specifically, it conceptualizes SCBH as guests’ perception about core characteristics of SCBHs located in the city.

Female sexual function and semantic differential items

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlations between demographic variables and claims from the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and questions from Semantic Differential Items of Female Sexual Function (SDIFSF). Data were collected through an online survey. Methods: Based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test on six claims of FSFI, a non-parametric statistical analysis with the Spearman correlation coefficient and χ2-test were used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 Results: The sample consisted solely of female participants, aged from 18 to 89 years. Most of the participants (n=287; 66.9%) were in a relationships (but not married), were still students (n=178; 41.5%) and were Catholic (n=267; 62.2%). Conclusions: The youngest participants expressed the highest level of satisfaction after sexual intercourse and mostly take the initiative for sexual intercourse. However, they mostly experienced pain after sexual intercourse. Married participants had the highest level of experiencing an orgasm (in any way), were pleasantly aroused during and had feelings of satisfaction after sexual intercourse. The higher the level of education, the more positive effects were present during (experiencing an orgasm, lubrication) and feelings of satisfaction after sexual intercourse. However, at the same time, participants felt pain during and after sexual intercourse, were concerned whether their partners like them, and were concerned about not being mentally present (e.g. daydreaming or fantasising about being with someone else) during sexual intercourse. Participants with one sexual partner in the previous year experienced an orgasm during and felt satisfied after sexual intercourse but felt pain during sexual intercourse. With the increasing number of sexual partners, lubrication increased, as did pleasant arousal during sexual intercourse, and a feeling of satisfaction. Furthermore, pain was present during and after sexual intercourse.

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation.

The present study aimed to investigate changes induced by breathing at 0.1Hz in affective state, cardiovascular activity, and adequacy of ventilation as well as the relation between changes in peripheral physiological processes and alteration of affect. Eighty-three participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Two groups doing paced breathing at 0.1Hz, one with and the other without a cover story hiding the goal of the experiment, and, as a control, paced breathing at 0.28Hz. We measured the effects of breathing at 0.1Hz on affective state (unpleasant and pleasant arousals), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), sympathetic control of the heart (preejection period, PEP), and adequacy of ventilation as measured by partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2 ). The use of a cover story did not influence the effects of paced breathing on the study outcomes. In the 0.1Hz groups, unpleasant arousal decreased only among men. Changes in RSA were not related to changes in affect. Respiratory frequency did not influence PEP. However, changes in PEP were inversely related to changes in pleasant arousal. PetCO2 decreased in all conditions, and a larger drop in PetCO2 predicted a greater decrease in unpleasant arousal. The results obtained corroborate previous findings showing that slow paced breathing may lead to moderate hyperventilation among untrained participants and suggest that hyperventilation during breathing at 0.1Hz is not deep enough to produce an increase in affective arousal.

Committing Millennials Toward Recycling and Environmental Preservation

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze antecedents and consequences of affective commitment toward recycling and environmental preservation. The study hypothesizes that individuals whose recycling and environmental preservation has great meaning for their inner self and a positive influence on the way others see them will be more committed to recycling. A sample of 364 individuals was used to test the model. Findings reveal the importance of pleasant arousal in reinforcing self-expressive recycling in order to increase the affective commitment. Committed individuals seem to be more willing to sacrifice for the cause and spread the word in its favor.

The role of the rural tourism experience economy in place attachment and behavioral intentions

This study aims to empirically explore the effect of the experience economy on place attachment and behavioral intentions through emotions and memory. To do so, the rural tourism context was selected as it not only provides small accommodation units in the countryside, but is also related to a set of possible activities involving both passive and active participation by guests. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to individuals experiencing rural holidays in the South of Portugal. A convenience sample of participants, resulting on 222 usable questionnaires, was employed to test the model. The partial least squares (PLS) approach was used to treat the data. The findings demonstrated the role of pleasant arousal and memory as mediators between experience and behavioral intentions. An excited and pleased guest is more likely to memorize the experience. Nevertheless, the effect of pleasant arousal and memory on place attachment was not proven. The findings also lead to managerial implications, limitations and suggestions for future research.

The effect of post-learning positive arousal on memory consolidation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of post-learning pleasant arousal on memory consolidation. Sixty undergraduate students (30 men, 30 women) learned a list of 30. Each group watched one of the emotional or neutral films. Thirty minutes after watching the film, delayed free recall and recognition tests were conducted in order to assess their memory. The results of both tests which were analyzed by t-test were significantly higher in the experiment group. Positive arousal which may occur after watching a movie (as it happens in this article) has a deep effect on cognitive performance, and facilitates recalling memories and changes deciding strategies.

Desensitization to media violence: Links with habitual media violence exposure, aggressive cognitions, and aggressive behavior.

This study examined the links between desensitization to violent media stimuli and habitual media violence exposure as a predictor and aggressive cognitions and behavior as outcome variables. Two weeks after completing measures of habitual media violence exposure, trait aggression, trait arousability, and normative beliefs about aggression, undergraduates (N = 303) saw a violent film clip and a sad or a funny comparison clip. Skin conductance level (SCL) was measured continuously, and ratings of anxious and pleasant arousal were obtained after each clip. Following the clips, participants completed a lexical decision task to measure accessibility of aggressive cognitions and a competitive reaction time task to measure aggressive behavior. Habitual media violence exposure correlated negatively with SCL during violent clips and positively with pleasant arousal, response times for aggressive words, and trait aggression, but it was unrelated to anxious arousal and aggressive responding during the reaction time task. In path analyses controlling for trait aggression, normative beliefs, and trait arousability, habitual media violence exposure predicted faster accessibility of aggressive cognitions, partly mediated by higher pleasant arousal. Unprovoked aggression during the reaction time task was predicted by lower anxious arousal. Neither habitual media violence usage nor anxious or pleasant arousal predicted provoked aggression during the laboratory task, and SCL was unrelated to aggressive cognitions and behavior. No relations were found between habitual media violence viewing and arousal in response to the sad and funny film clips, and arousal in response to the sad and funny clips did not predict aggressive cognitions or aggressive behavior on the laboratory task. This suggests that the observed desensitization effects are specific to violent content.

The effect of post-learning positive arousal on memory consolidation

Post-learning arousal enhances memory consolidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of post-learning pleasant arousal on memory consolidation (learning a word list) for emotional and neutral pictures based on gender. 60 undergraduate students (30 men, 30 women) learned a list of 30 words (10 positive, 10 negative, 10 neutral words). Each group watched one of the emotional or neutral films. 30minutes after watching the film, delayed free recall and recognition tests were being done in order to assess their memory. The results of both tests which were analyzed by t-test were significantly higher in experiment group compare to the control group. These results were true regardless of the nature of films (emotional or neutral). Generally women's performance in memory tests was better than men's. Positive arousal which may occur after watching a movie (as it happens in this article) has deep effect on cognitive performance such as creative problem solving, and facilitates recalling positive or neutral memories and changes deciding strategies.

The effect of positive arousal on working memory

Manipulation of emotional conditions triggers neuro-chemical mechanisms and cause to release dopamine, epinephrine and glucose. These neurotransmitters related to memory process through central or peripheral receptors. In this study the effects of pleasant arousal which was the result of watching special films, was investigated on working memory based on gender. 60 volunteers (30 men, 30 women) who were selected among undergraduate students from Tehran and Tarbiyat Modares Universities were accidentally divided into two groups. They completed a working memory scale. Each group watched one of the emotional or neutral films. Immediately after watching the film, the working memory scale was being done as a post-test. In order to assess the effect of positive arousal on working memory, first the difference between the scores of pre-test and post-test was assessed and then they were compared using independent t-test. The results were significantly higher in experimental group compare to the control group and show that positive emotional arousal enhances working memory.