Platymiscium Floribundum Research Articles

Nutrient composition of some important Brazilian savanna trees and their potential for animal feed

Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) trees present high diversity, whether they are being used by fauna and traditional populations as food or medicine. However, little research has been done to evaluate the nutrient composition of different species relevant to society, which may highlight new uses of these species. The objective of this study was to characterize nutritional aspects of the leaves of different Cerrado native species. Bromatological analyses (i.e. dry matter (DM), total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), mineral matter (MM), and nutrient concentration were performed on five native tree species (Inga cylindrica; Platymiscium floribundum, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, and Dipteryx alata) that presented potential for animal feed, according to farmer’s reports. The chemical characteristics of the leaves of Cerrado trees were characterized and compared between them. All five species evaluated in this study showed nutritional characteristics that suggest their potential use for animal feed, especially the P. floribundum, I. cylindrica, and P. gonoacantha for their high protein value.

Molecular docking study and antireabsorptive activity of a semi-synthetic coumarin derivative from Platymiscium floribundum in the ligature-induced periodontitis in rats: the involvement of heme oxygenase-1.

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-resorptive activity of a semi-synthetic coumarin derivative from Platymiscium floribundum, named 6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin. Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of the derivative against targets associated with alveolar bone loss (TNF-α, IL-1β, and catalase) and a target considered an antioxidant defense (HO-1) during periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced by placing a nylon ligature around the second molars. The rats received for 11days 6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin (0.01, 0.1, or 1mg/kg) or vehicle. We investigated by RT-qPCR analysis (TNF-α, IL-1β, and HO-1 mRNA expression levels) and by colorimetric assay (catalase activity) the mechanism of action mediated by 6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin. The in vivo toxicity of 6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin was evaluated. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin (0.1 or 1mg/kg) reduced alveolar bone loss (1.05 ± 0.24), when compared to vehicle-treated group (3.05 ± 0.30). The interactions of 6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin and the four targets (TNF-α, IL-1β, catalase, and HO-1) showed firm bonds above 6.0kcal/mol. 6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin (1mg/kg) lowered mRNA expression levels of TNF-α (2.33 ± 0.56) and IL-1β (19.87 ± 2.9), while it increased both the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 (43.40 ± 1.05) and the catalase activity (46.42 ± 4.59), when compared to vehicle-treated group (46.29 ± 8.43; 37.83 ± 4.38; 1.58 ± 0.11; 8.93 ± 1.86, respectively). The animals did not show any signs of toxicity. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-nitrocoumarin decreased inflammatory bone loss in the ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, and the activation of the HO-1 pathway may contribute, at least partially, to its protective effects by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels and increasing catalase activity. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-nitrocumarin could be used as an adjunct to subgingival instrumentation during active and supportive periodontal treatment.

Initial Growth and Morpho-Anatomical Development of “Jacaranda” at Different Levels of Luminosity

Abstract Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the initial growth and development of seedlings under Platymiscium floribundum at different levels of luminosity. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 10 factorial scheme (four levels of shade: full sun, 50%, 65% and 80% with ten replications per treatment. The height, number of leaves was evaluated monthly. At the end of the experiment at 180 days, leaf dry matter, stems, roots, and dry matter. In addition, measurements were made of the variables related to gas exchange and plant anatomy of leaves. The results obtained were observed higher growth and developed satisfactorily at full sun), without presenting morphological changes. For the gas exchange did not differ statistically. It is concluded that the initial growth of P. floribundum seedlings was superior in the light level in full sun, providing favorable conditions for their development.

Evaluation of oxidative stability of soybean biodiesel using ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Platymiscium floribundum as antioxidant

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of Platymiscium floribundum ethanolic and chloroform extracts on the oxidative stability of soybean biodiesel using the Rancimat and DSC methods. The soybean biodiesel was obtained by transesterification. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also evaluated by the free radical scavenging (DPPH) method and the total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity, reducing the DPPH by about 90%, and the total phenolic content of the ethanolic and chloroform extracts were 2.87 and 3.10 mg GAE/100 mg of extract, respectively. The extracts showed to be very efficient in retarding the oxidation of soybean biodiesel since the induction period increased from 4.53 h to 18.09 h (PF–EtOH, 10000 mg/kg) and 17.58 h (PF–CHCl3, 10000 mg/kg). Both extracts showed high thermal stability with Ton-e of 405.76 °C (PF–CHCl3) and 396.79 °C (PF–EtOH). The presence of the extracts increased the activation energy of the samples between 12.3% and 37.0%. The increase of the activation energy represents an improvement of the oxidative stability of biodiesel. All results confirmed the action of the antioxidants present in the extracts on controlling the oxidation reactions in biodiesel.

Protective effect of Platymiscium floribundum Vog. in tree extract on periodontitis inflammation in rats.

Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease, which can lead to tooth loss. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Platymiscium floribundum Vog., a Brazilian tree which has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced by placing a sterilized nylon (3.0) thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molar of the rats, which received (per os) P. floribundum extract (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 1h before periodontitis-challenge and once daily during 11 days. Treatment with P. floribundum (10mg/kg) decreased alveolar bone loss, MPO activity nitrite/nitrate levels, oxidative stress, TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-8/CINC-1, and PGE2 gingival levels, and transcription of TNF-α, IL1-β, COX-2, iNOS, RANK, and RANKL genes, while elevated both BALP serum levels and IL-10 gingival levels. The animals did not show signs of toxicity throughout the experimental course. These findings show that P. floribundum has anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive properties in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis, representing an interesting biotechnological tool.

Optimization of tetrazolium tests to assess the quality of Platymiscium floribundum , Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus and Acacia polyphylla DC. Seeds

Abstract: The tetrazolium (TZ) test is an alternative to conventional germination tests, which usually require longer periods for seed quality evaluation. However, it is necessary to develop specific methodologies for each species, determining the concentration and time of exposure to salt. Thus, the objectives of this study were (i) to optimize the application of tetrazolium in forest seeds of Platymiscium floribundum Vog., Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassl. and Acacia polyphylla DC., with the proposal of an evaluation protocol for tetrazolium test in order to reduce the subjectivity of interpretation and (ii) to adapt standardized methodologies to evaluate the seed quality of forest species using TZ. To perform the tests, the seeds were submitted to immersion times and concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0%) in solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The ideal concentrations and immersion time for each species were: P. floribundum - 0.5 and 1.0% for 60 minutes; L. muehlbergianus - 0,1% for 6 hours and A. polyphylla - 0,5% for 4 hours. Each seed was evaluated by color, size and localization of colored spots in three zones of low, medium and significant impact on germinability and after classified in three vigor classes. The protocol and the proposed methodology presented high efficiency according to the established parameters.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES <i>Platymiscium floribundum</i> VOG. (FABACEAE) SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DA LUZ E TEMPERATURAS

Platymiscium floribundum Vog., uma espécie florestal pertencente à família Fabaceae, apresenta grande potencial para exploração econômica e pode ser utilizada tanto no paisagismo como em reflorestamentos, na recuperação de áreas degradadas e de preservação permanente. Diante de sua importância, o trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência da luz e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de Platymiscium floribundum. Avaliou-se a germinação e vigor das sementes sob temperaturas de 25 e 30ºC constantes e 20-30ºC alternada em diferentes regimes de luz: branca (LB), verde (LV), vermelha-distante (LVD), vermelha (LV) e ausência de luz (A). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento e massa seca de plântulas (raiz e altura da parte aérea). As sementes de Platymiscium floribundum expressam seu máximo vigor em ambiente iluminado independentemente da temperatura.

Emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de Platymiscium floribundum Vog. em função de diferentes posições e profundidades de semeadura

Platymiscium floribundum Vog., pertencente à família Fabaceae, pode ser utilizada no paisagismo, em reflorestamentos e na recomposição de áreas degradadas e de preservação permanente. Objetivou-se verificar o efeito da posição da semente e da profundidade de semeadura na emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de P. floribundum. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, utilizando-se diferentes posições das sementes no substrato areia: hilo voltado para baixo (HB), hilo voltado para o lado, formando um ângulo de 90° em relação ao eixo imaginário com o substrato (HL) e hilo voltado para cima (HC), nas profundidades de semeadura de 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6cm. Avaliou-se a porcentagem, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas, assim como o comprimento e massa seca das plântulas normais. Para o teste de emergência de plântulas de P. floribundum, a semeadura deve ser na profundidade de até 2,0cm com o hilo voltado para baixo.

Different susceptibilities of Leishmania spp. promastigotes to the Annona muricata acetogenins annonacinone and corossolone, and the Platymiscium floribundum coumarin scoparone

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that can manifest itself in visceral and cutaneous form. The aim of this study was to search for new leishmanicidal compounds. Preliminarily, Artemia salina assay was applied to compounds from two plants found in Northeastern Brazil, Platymiscium floribundum and Annona muricata. Then these compounds were tested against three Leishmania species (Leishmania donovani, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major). A screening assay using luciferase-expressing promastigote form were used to measure the viability of promastigote One coumarin, scoparone, isolated from P. floribundum and two acetogenins, annonacinone and corossolone isolated from A. muricata showed leishmanicidal activity in all species tested. Nevertheless, Leishmania species indicated different susceptibilities in relation to the tested compounds: L. mexicana was more sensitive to scoparone followed by L. major and L. donovani. The three species presented similar inhibition to corossolone and annonacinone. Acetogenin annonacinone (EC(50)=6.72-8.00 μg/mL) indicated high leishmanicidal activity; corossolone (EC(50)=16.14-18.73 μg/mL) and scoparone (EC(50)=9.11-27.51 μg/mL) moderate activity. A. saline larvae were less sensitive to the coumarin scoparone and acetogenin corossolone was the most toxic. In conclusion, the leishmanicidal activity demonstrated by the coumarin and acetogenins indicate these compounds for further studies aiming the development of new leishmanicidal agents.

Leishmanicidal and cholinesterase inhibiting activities of phenolic compounds of Dimorphandra gardneriana and Platymiscium floribundum, native plants from Caatinga biome

In recent years, the Brazilian Health Ministry and the World Health Organization have supported research into new technologies that may contribute to the surveillance, new treatments, and control of visceral leishmaniasis within the country. In light of this, the aim of this study was to isolate compounds from plants of the Caatinga biome, and to investigate their toxicity against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum chagasi, the main responsible parasite for South American visceral leishmaniasis, and evaluate their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). A screen assay using luciferase-expressing promastigote form and an in situ ELISA assay were used to measure the viability of promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively, after exposure to these substances. The MTT colorimetric assay was performed to determine the toxicity of these compounds in murine monocytic RAW 264.7 cell line. All compounds were tested in vitro for their anti-cholinesterase properties. A coumarin, scoparone, was isolated from Platymiscium floribundum stems, and the flavonoids rutin and quercetin were isolated from Dimorphandra gardneriana beans. These compounds were purified using silica gel column chromatography, eluted with organic solvents in mixtures of increasing polarity, and identified by spectral analysis. In the leishmanicidal assays, the compounds showed dose-dependent efficacy against the extracellular promastigote forms, with an EC50 for scoporone of 21.4µg/mL, quercetin and rutin 26 and 30.3µg/mL, respectively. The flavonoids presented comparable results to the positive control drug, amphotericin B, against the amastigote forms with EC50 for quercetin and rutin of 10.6 and 43.3µg/mL, respectively. All compounds inhibited AChE with inhibition zones varying from 0.8 to 0.6, indicating a possible mechanism of action for leishmacicidal activity.

Purification and characterization of a mannose/N‐acetyl‐ d‐glucosamine‐specific lectin from the seeds of Platymiscium floribundum Vogel

Platymiscium floribundum lectin (PFL), a mannose/N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific lectin, was isolated from P. floribundum seeds using Sepharose-mannose affinity media chromatography. PFL is a glycoprotein that is a potent agglutinin for rabbit erythrocytes. In addition, PFL is highly stable because it is able to maintain its hemagglutinating activity after exposure to temperatures of up to 60 °C for 1 h and exposure to a wide pH range. The PFL purification process was monitored using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the results showed that the purified lectin consists of a single band with a molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa in either the presence or the absence of a reducing agent. The analysis of purified PFL by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry showed that most ions had a molecular weight of 27,053 ± 2 Da, and other less abundant ions had similar molecular weights. Gel filtration shows that the lectin exists as a dimer in solution with mass at approximately 65 kDa. Sixteen peptides were sequenced, and as a result, a total of 130 amino acids were identified and resulted in a coverage of approximately 65% of the PFL sequence. The partial sequence of PFL was aligned with sequences of other lectins from evolutionarily related species, and PFL showed considerable similarity to the other lectins.

New flavonoids and coumarins from Platymiscium floribundum Vogel

Two new flavonoids, 3,4,10-trihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-b-hydroxychacanonol, were isolated from Platymiscium floribundum, in addition to the homopterocarpin, 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone, 7,3',5'-trihydroxyflavanone, 7,3'-dihydroxy-8,5'-dimethoxyisoflavanone, 8-hydroxy-5,6,7,-trimethoxycoumarin, 6-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxycoumarin, 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 8-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 3β-acetoxy-28-hydroxyolean-12-ene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-allyl-benzene, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde, and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol as a mixture. Structural characterization of all compounds was established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, particularly 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and comparison with data from literature.

Induction of apoptosis by pterocarpans from Platymiscium floribundum in HL-60 human leukemia cells

(+)-2,3,9-Trimethoxy-pterocarpan ( 1) (+)-3,9-dimethoxy-pterocarpan [(+)-homopterocarpin] ( 2), (+)-3-hydroxy-9-methoxy-pterocarpan [(+)-medicarpin] ( 3) and (+)-3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-pterocarpan [(+)-vesticarpan] ( 4) are cytotoxic pterocarpans isolated from the native Brazilian plant Platymiscium floribundum. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether induction of apoptosis and/or inhibition of DNA synthesis is involved in the cytotoxicity of these pterocarpans in human leukemia cells. The effect on cell viability determined using the trypan exclusion assay revealed that all compounds tested reduced the number of viable cells, while only in the presence of 3 and 4, there was an increase of nonviable cells. The analysis of membrane integrity and morphological modifications by flow cytometry in the presence of these two compounds indicated that treated cells undergo necrosis, while 1 and 2 trigger apoptosis. DNA synthesis seemed to be affected since BrdU incorporation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of all tested compounds. Pterocarpan treatment also induced an increase in the amount of subdiploid DNA, indicating internucleosomal DNA breakdown, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase- 3 activation, which indicate apoptosis induction.

Antimitotic Properties of Pterocarpans Isolated fromPlatymiscium floribundumon Sea Urchin Eggs

This study reports the antimitotic effects on sea urchin eggs of five known pterocarpans: (+)-3,10-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, (+)-3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan [(+)-homopterocarpin], (+)-2,3,9-trimethoxypterocarpan, (+)-3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan [(+)-vesticarpan] and (+)-3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan [(+)-medicarpin], isolated from the trunk of Platymiscium floribundum, a native tree from Brazil. All tested compounds showed strong activity in this assay, with 2,3,9-trimethoxypterocarpan being the most active (log IC50 of -8.10 +/- 0.02; -7.91 +/- 0.01; -7.97 +/- 0.02 M for first and third cleavages, and blastulae stages, respectively). These data suggest that the 2-methoxy substituent can be an important pharmacophoric unit.

Cytotoxic Flavonoids from Platymiscium floribundum

Two new isoflavonoids, 7-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxy-isoflavonequinone (1) and 2'-hydroxy-6,4',6' ',4' ''-tetramethoxy-[7-O-7' ']-bisisoflavone (2), and seven other known flavonoids, 3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (medicarpin), 3,10-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan, 3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan (homopterocarpin) (3), 2,3,9-trimethoxypterocarpan (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (vesticarpan) (5), 2',4,4'-trihydroxychalcone (isoliquiritigenin), and 7,4'-dihydroxyflavanone (liquiritigenin) (6), were isolated from the heartwood of Platymiscium floribundum. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 3-6 showed cytotoxic activity when evaluated against five human cancer cell lines in vitro.

Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae):Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum s. l.Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius

Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume treesDalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum, Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies and to elucidate if floral ontogenetic data will provide new character states diagnostic of the tribe Dalbergieae, which is considered a basal papilionoid tribe and primarily defined on fruit characters. Organ inception is principally acropetal in all taxa studied. Carpel inception is, however, consistently precocious. InD. brasiliensis sepals are initiated in an order not previously reported in Papilionoideae. It may be considered modified helical. InP. rotundifolius the inner whorl of stamens initiate in an unusual way, this is lateral two stamens first, then the two abaxial ones, and last the adaxial one, opposed to the unidirectional order usually seen in Papilionoideae. Generally the differences in flower development among the studied genera appear at initiation and late stage in ontogenesis, rather than at mid-stage.