Concept Of Platform Research Articles

Effects of mooring failure on the dynamic behavior of the power capture platforms

In recent years, for enhancing the ocean energy capture, it has been prevail to combine multiple wave energy converters (WECs) with the floating platforms. A power capture platform concepts is proposed in this paper based on the point-absorber WEC array and the SPIC semi-submersible platform. The present study conducts the time-domain dynamic analysis on the performance of the power capture platforms with mooring failure. After the validation of the numerical models, ANSYS-AQWA is employed to investigate the platform motion response, the remaining mooring lines' tension response, and the WEC array's power output. The results show that the platform motion and the remaining mooring lines' tension appear significant transient overshoots after mooring failure. The mean motion response of the platform increases because of the reduction of mooring stiffness. Meanwhile, the energy distribution of the platform slow-drift and roll motions at the low-frequency region increases as well. Moreover, the mooring line tension adjacent to the failed mooring line increases significantly, while that of other mooring lines decreases. Notably, mooring failure has slight effects on the WEC array's energy conversion performance, and the total absorbed power among Model 2 is more than that among Model 1. These important findings provide some insights into the design of power capture platforms. Moreover, to ensure the floating system stable and reliable, the effects of mooring failure and the resulting changes should be evaluated in advance.

Regional marketing mechanisms for industrial energy flexibility enabled by service-oriented IT platforms

Abstract An increasing number of renewable energy sources driven by ambitious sustainability efforts is both changing and challenging electricity systems worldwide. Successfully dealing with a variable and highly decentralized electricity supply associated with the rising share of renewable energy sources will be crucial in the near future. This paper investigates the potential of information technology (IT) for regional marketing of energy flexibility from the machine level in factories to the electricity-grid level. In this context, energy flexibility describes the capability to react quickly and cost-efficiently to alternating electricity availability. Based on a literature review of regional marketing mechanisms, existing concepts of IT platforms, and current real-world model regions, this paper aims to apply a holistic research approach to better understand the challenges regarding the energy transition on a regional level and corresponding requirements for IT platforms used for flexibility marketing. The approach allows to identify relevant key challenges and flexibility marketing use cases, attributing core importance to underlying production processes. In particular, target processes for respective use cases are derived based on a description of current regional marketing of demand flexibility. Successful implementation of target processes is required to provide regional energy flexibility via IT platforms. A comparison between current processes and target processes finally allows defining the need for change and development, e.g., of new intelligent interfaces, already during the conceptual test of new IT platforms. The introduced research approach was applied to one exemplary use case within the energy-flexible model region Augsburg of the Kopernikus project SynErgie, Germany. The paper especially illustrates that service-oriented IT platforms simplify the communication process between the relevant players in energy flexibility marketing.

Research Buddy—From a Framework for Overcoming Language Barriers to the Development of a Qualitative Citizen Science Platform

Abstract Students benefit from international study programmes in fields such as HCI. However, user-centred research in a foreign country has some challenges, especially language hurdles when going into the field and conducting ethnographic and participatory studies. A particular obstacle is added when targeting groups that do not speak English, such as in Germany, where English was not taught in schools until the 1970s. The task and challenge of the present project, ‘Research Buddy’, is to bring together young international students and older people as co-researchers in Germany. We describe the participatory development of the concept of a matching platform and its design. In focus groups with older people, university faculty and students, requirements for a collaborative research infrastructure were jointly identified and prototypically implemented. The empirical results focus on the possibilities the platform offers for qualitative citizen science in the field of age tech.

Enhancing nursing care through technology and standardized nursing language: The TEC-MED multilingual platform.

This study describes the design, integration, and semantic interoperability process of a minimum data set using standardized nursing language in the caring module of the TEC-MED care platform. The caring module was developed in three phases (2020-2022): platform concept, functional design and construction, and testing and evaluation. Phases involved collaboration among academics, information technology developers, and social/healthcare professionals. Nursing taxonomies (NANDA-I, NOC, NIC) were integrated to support the nursing process. The platform was piloted in six Mediterranean countries. The final platform features an assessment module with eight dimensions for data collection on older adults and their caregivers. A clinical decision support system links assessment data with nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions. The platform is available in six languages (English, Spanish, French, Italian, Greek, and Arabic). Usability testing identified the need for improved Arabic language support. The TEC-MED platform is a pioneering tool using standardized nursing language to improve care for older adults in the Mediterranean. The platform's multilingualism promotes accessibility. Limitations include offline use and mobile app functionality. Pilot testing is underway to evaluate effectiveness and facilitate cross-cultural validation of nursing taxonomies. The TEC-MED platform offers standardized nursing care for older adults across the Mediterranean, promoting consistent communication and evidence-based practice. This approach has the potential to improve care quality and accessibility for a vulnerable population.

Numerical investigation of the effects of short-crested irregular waves on the performance of a floating power capture platform

This paper presents a novel power capture platform concept consisting of a semi-submersible platform and multiple point-absorber wave energy converters (WECs). The primary objective of the current study is to investigate the dynamic behavior of the power capture platform under short-crested irregular wave conditions. A spreading function is used to modify the JONSWAP spectrum into a wave spectrum that accounts for both frequency and direction. To ensure the reliability of the numerical analysis, three-dimensional potential flow theory and boundary element method (BEM) are utilized to perform mesh convergence analysis and hydrodynamic validation of the platform and WEC models. Time-domain simulations are conducted to evaluate the effects of wave directionality on the platform motion, mooring line tension, and power absorption of the WEC array. In addition, three models, “single WEC”, “WEC array” and “fixed power capture platform” are defined. The influence of hydrodynamic interactions and platform motion are predicted by comparing the power absorption of individual WEC, WEC row, and WEC array among these models. The results show that the effects of wave directionality on the performance of the floating power capture platform cannot be ignored. The findings of this study may provide some insights into the design of power capture platforms. Meanwhile, it is recommended to determine the wave characteristics of the target operational area in advance, in order to find out the optimal design for system stability and power absorption.

Metaverse: development prospects for labor relations

The article highlights the main theoretical issues related to the legal regulation of labor relations in the labor market, which are evolving within the new digital reality of the metaverse. It is noted that the metaverse is understood as a specific technological system that utilizes a set of technical tools for virtualizing space. The choice of direction depends on current legislation regarding the potential for developing the labor market through the application of high-tech meta labor platforms. The study argues that the growing trend of influence on the international community and the population of Ukraine by this new digital phenomenon of modern society, the metaverse, is significant in the context of realizing the right to work. This, in the future, will allow the use of IT technologies to identify barriers that limit the development of certain labor markets, directions, and integration in service provision. The author presents a visualization of the search for ways to resolve labor relations issues in the labor market under the conditions of the metaverse. The technologies used to create it are evaluated, which have enormous potential in realizing the right to work but also carry numerous risks. The article explores opportunities for improving the legal regulation of labor relations, especially in understanding the unique characteristics of elements where interaction between people occurs through their digital twins (avatars) using information technologies related to their identification and management of these digital avatars. Using existing research, the article proposes the author’s vision of the concept of a meta-labor platform and presents their understanding of meta-labor migration. The article also provides the postulates on which the concept of the modern meta-labor platform is based, indirectly through the ability to work of both meta-employers and meta-employees in the metaverse, given the current necessary technologies and infrastructure. It is suggested that the most crucial factor in transitioning to meta-labor relations is the transformation of the law as a mechanism to help organize renewed social relations. The main method used in the research of this article is the system-structural method, which allows establishing connections between different elements of the meta-labor platform as a complex system and analyzing the patterns generated by the spread of influence on meta-employers and meta-employees. Among the additional ones are used formal-logical, comparative-legal, as well as methods of legal modeling and forecasting.

Towards a geographical political economy understanding of platformization

In the last ten years digital platforms have emerged as an important theme in academic discourse and various subdisciplines of geography and adjacent research areas. Whether in the fields of social media, urban transport, industry cloud services or gig work, platformization is therein often discussed as a more-than-economic phenomenon engaging in a conflictive relationship with public interest, sovereignty, regulation and the state. However, while the concept of the platform has become ubiquitous, the integration of and dialogue between various broadened definitions are less often practiced. In our short paper, we argue that for further addressing this intricate relation between platforms, power and sovereignty an engagement with the platform concept and its integration through a political economy understanding is key for two reasons: Firstly, an overarching concept of platformization transcending the political/economy binary is necessary to be able to problematize the reification of normalized economic practices lying at the heart of the phenomenon. Secondly, there is a pragmatic reason for developing a geographical political economy perspective on platformization as it can serve as a common ground for an engaged pluralism within and beyond the discipline of economic geography. Based on a systematization of existing definitions this paper therefore combines insights from political economy perspectives, urban platform research and research on platform labor to propose a working definition stimulating a reflection on the platform discourse thus far and strengthening strategical-relational thinking on platform power in future research.

Serious Games for Vocational Training

The research project ‘SG4BB’ (Serious Games for Vocational Education and Training; abbr.: VET) has developed an integrated platform for the description, search, retrieval, integration, and utilization of educational games. This paper summarizes project outcomes, including platform concepts, software components, and – as focus – practical insights derived from a case study involving the educational game ‘Corrugated’ as simulation and training environment for service technicians. SG4BB has followed a user-centered design in an interdisciplinary project team: Two learning providers specified their requirements for VET in their specific application domains. Based on those requirements, game developers, learning solution providers and researchers for VET have conceptualized and prototypically implemented both an integrated learning platform (SG4BB platform) and two case studies of Serious Games for VET: ‘Corrugated’ for service technicians and an IT security game. The platform follows a process pipeline: For search and retrieval of educational games for VET, an application profile for VET based on the standardized ‘Serious Games Metadata Format’ (DIN/SPEC 91380) has been elaborated. This format builds the semantic basis for the metadata-based catalog system ‘Serious Games Information Center’ (SG-IC) with filter functionality for VET. Learning providers and developers can use the SG-IC portal to describe and promote their educational games, enabling users to identify suitable games for their learning needs and integrate them via learning infrastructure. Educational games can interact with the backend (Learning Management System and Learning Record Store) through a middleware based on the xAPI standard, allowing for personalized gameplay and data collection for game-based learning analytics. The final evaluation of the SG4BB project focused on the utilization of the educational game ‘Corrugated’, targeting problem-solving skills for service technicians in the corrugated cardboard industry. Data from 26 participants playing the game for 60 minutes, along with problem-solving tests and user experience feedback, were analyzed to validate game-based assessment and to assess learning impact. Initial results reveal insights into specific game missions, playtimes, and success rates, indicating that participant behavior during gameplay influenced perceived learning progress, leading to varied learning paths. This paper provides valuable insights and technical information for VET practitioners on using educational games for training. Game interactions and learning outcomes can be monitored via a dashboard within the learning infrastructure, offering visualizations for user behavior (during play) and (learning) progress. Keywords: serious games, vocational education and training, metadata, middleware, case study and evaluation.

Mass customization using hybrid manufacturing and smart assembly: An optimal configuration and platform design approach

Hybrid Manufacturing (HM) and smart assembly stand as pivotal pillars in advanced smart manufacturing systems, offering manufacturers highly efficient and adaptable solutions for manufacturing. This paper delves into the configuration of a production line that integrates HM and assembly stages, each comprising multiple cells, with each cell housing one or more parallel stations. The objective is to manufacture a family of final assemblies, leveraging the platform concept to defer mass customization to later stages and thereby minimize processing costs. A mathematical programming model is proposed to identify the optimal configuration for such production lines, considering constraints such as an allowable capital cost and machine availabilities. In addition, the precedence, inclusion, and seclusion restrictions imposed on the part family are considered. The proposed mathematical programming model aims to delineate which HM features are processed in the part platform cell versus those processed in the mass customization (part variants) cells. Simultaneously, the model determines the components (variants from the HM stage) of final assemblies processed in the assembly platform cell, as well as components assembled or disassembled in the final assembly cells. Furthermore, the model seeks to determine the required number of stations in each cell to meet periodic demand. The overall objective of the model is to minimize the capital and the processing cost. A detailed case study illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed configuration approach and mathematical model. The proposed model is solvable in a few seconds by using commercial solvers.

Air vehicle system health and asset management: modeling, simulation, and decision support

AbstractEffective Asset Management (AM) is essential to achieve operational excellence in the context of large complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). It involves coordinated activities across all life-cycle stages, including information and service exchange within and between adjacent air operations domains, for effective air operations and collaboration. For enterprises and military air operations, AM presuppose information and service exchange between the adjacent domains of air operations. Important aspects of aviation AM are that CPSs include Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM), CPS models, and Digital Twin (DT), as central concepts used to predict and optimize asset performance. This article provides an overview of the aviation AM phenomenology, environment, and challenges, and how they may impact envisioned realisations of effective AM solutions for support to enterprise air vehicle operations. The article serves as an extension of the paper Cyber-physical Asset Management of Air Vehicle Systems presented at the International Congress and Workshop of Industrial AI and Maintenance (Candell et al., in Proceedings of the IAI2023–7th international congress and workshop on industrial AI and eMaintenance, Luleå, Sweden, 2023). A comprehensive approach is presented, comprising interdependent dimensions of the problem domain, and how they may be integrated into a framework and a platform concept addressing aviation AM needs.

Features and Limitations of Robotically Assisted Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (R-PCI): A Systematic Review of R-PCI.

Background: Ischaemic heart disease is one of the major drivers of cardiovascular death in Europe. Since the first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 1977, developments and innovations in cardiology have made PCI the treatment of choice for stenotic coronary artery disease. To address the occupational hazards related to chronic exposure to radiation and wear and tear from heavy lead-based radioprotective aprons, the concept of robotically assisted PCI (R-PCI) was introduced in 2005. Aim: To explore the features and limitations of R-PCI, we first discuss the concept and evolution of R-PCI platforms and then systematically review the available clinical data. Methods: A systematic review has been performed across the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases in order to assess the efficacy and safety of R-PCI. Secondary endpoints, such as operator and patient exposure to radiation, contrast volume used and procedural time, were assessed when available. Results: In selected patients, R-PCI provides high technical and clinical success rates, ranging from 81 to 98.8% and from 93.3 to 100%, respectively. In-hospital and 1-year MACE rates ranged from 0 to 10.4% and 4.8 to 10.5%, respectively. R-PCI is able to significantly reduce the operator's exposure to radiation. Further research analysing the patient's and cath lab staff's exposure to radiation is needed. Therapy escalation with R-PCI seems to be limited to complex lesions. R-PCI procedures add approximately 10 min to the procedural time. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of R-PCI have been proven, and R-PCI is able to significantly reduce occupational hazards for the first operator. The lack of adoption in the community of interventional cardiologists may be explained by the fact that current generations of R-PCI platforms are limited by their incompatibility with advanced interventional devices and techniques needed for escalation in complex interventions.

MDAPW3: MDA-based development of blockchain-enabled decentralized applications

Web3.0 Decentralized Application (DApp) is a class of decentralized software in which at least the business logic of the software is implemented using blockchain-based smart contracts. Features such as transparency, decentralized execution environment, no need for a central authority, immutability of data from manipulation, as well as a native transaction-based payment system based on cryptographic tokens are the main advantages of Web3.0 DApps over conventional Web2.0 software in which the business logic and user data are centrally controlled by companies with no transparency. However, the development lifecycle of Web3.0 DApps involves many challenges due to the complexity of blockchain technology and smart contracts as well as the difficulties concerning with the integration of DApp on-chain and off-chain components. To alleviate these challenges, a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for the development of Web3.0 DApps is proposed in this paper that streamlines the development of complex multi-lateral DApps and results in a product that is verifiable, traceable, low-cost, maintainable, less error-prone and in conformance with blockchain platform concepts. Opposed to previous studies in this area that applied MDA only for the development of smart contracts, our proposed MDA-based approach covers the full architecture of Web3.0 DApps: on-chain, off-chain and on-chain/off-chain communication patterns. The method application was demonstrated by implementing a land leasing Dapp where the requirement model (a BPMN choreography model) was transformed into CIM, PIM, and PSM instances successively, and finally, the code-base was generated based on the Ethereum platform technology stack. Epsilon Validation Language (EVL), Epsilon Object Language (EOL), and Epsilon Comparison Language (ECL) were used for the verification/validation of the model instances at each step. Furthermore, by evaluating the quality metrics of the proposed meta-models, we show that they have a better ontology coverage and are more reusable and understandable compared to previous meta-models.

US public health surveillance, reimagined.

This study presents two novel concepts for standardizing electronic health records (EHR)-based public health surveillance through utilization of existing informatics methods and data platforms. Drawing from the collective experience in applied epidemiology, health services research and health informatics, the author presents a vision for an alternative path to public health surveillance by repurposing existing tools and resources, such as (1) computable phenotypes which have already been created and validated for a variety of chronic diseases of interest to public health and (2) large data platforms/collaboratives, such as All of Us Research Program and National COVID Cohort Collaborative. Opportunities and challenges are discussed regarding EHR-based chronic disease surveillance, as well as the concept of phenotype definitions and large data platforms reuse for public health needs. Reusing of computable phenotypes for EHR-based public health surveillance would require secure data platforms and nationally representative data. Standardization metrics for reuse of previously developed and validated computable phenotypes are also necessary and are currently being developed by the author. This study presents a reimagined Learning Health System framework by incorporating Public Health and two novel concept sets of solutions into the healthcare ecosystem. Alternative approaches to limited resources and current infrastructure of the US Public Health System, especially as applied to disease surveillance, are needed and may be possible when repurposing the resources and methodologies across the Learning Health System.

Single Atom Platforms on Surfaces: A Step Towards Future Catalysts

Single (metal) atoms (SAs) have attracted great attention in virtue of their intriguing physical and chemical properties, representing a fertile playground for fundamental studies of electronic, magnetic and chemical phenomena. Placing SAs on clean, crystalline and atomically flat substrates allows the study of their properties and functions via the whole plethora of surface science tools, offering direct access to their features with ultimate resolution. Moreover, the isolated metal atoms exhibit peculiar properties and tend to behave similarly to reactive centres in solution or gas phase, bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. In these regards, atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADCs) have recently received great attention [1, 2]. However, they suffer some intrinsic bottlenecks such as a poor tunability and limited maximum density.Here we show the successful achievement of single atom platforms (SAPs), where SAs are coordinated to atomically precise organic templates, confined to a two dimensional surface. The templates are obtained via the on-surface synthesis (OSS) of carefully designed molecular precursors, and consist of carbon-based, covalent polymers equipped with side moieties that act as coordination sites. These groups capture metal atoms that are deposited on the substrate in a post-synthetic step, and together form active site with rich potential applications. Conceptually, the obtained SAP offers rich tunability prospects by varying not only the substrate and the SA, but also the organic ligand. Its shape and composition (e.g. heteroatoms, functional groups, strain, etc.) will influence the properties of the SA and enable their fine tuning. Moreover, the versatility of the OSS strategy offers a wide plethora of possible architectures, allowing also the precise modification of the SA density.We have characterized each stage of the SAP preparation via high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) with functionalized tips [3]. The trapping and conversion ability of these well-defined active sites towards CO and CO2 was then studied. Our investigation allows the direct visualization of reactants and binding motifs with unprecedented resolution, and opens new avenues for the study of chemical reactions localized at the active sites of our SAP.[1] Wang, A.; Li, J.; Zhang, T. Heterogeneous Single-Atom Catalysis. Nature Reviews Chemistry 2018, 2 (6), 65–81.[2] Hannagan, R. T.; Giannakakis, G.; Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M.; Sykes, E. C. H. Single-Atom Alloy Catalysis. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120 (21), 12044–12088.[3] Gross, L.; Mohn, F.; Moll, N.; Liljeroth, P.; Meyer, G. The Chemical Structure of a Molecule Resolved by Atomic Force Microscopy. Science 2009, 325 (5944), 1110–1114. Figure 1. Single atom platform concept. Sketch of surface-adsorbed single atoms (orange dots) and of a single atom platform. Here, the organic part is represented by 1D polymers adsorbed on a surface, and the single atoms decorate the coordination sites (U-shaped motifs). Figure 1

Designing an IoT platform using Wireless Sensor Network

The Internet of Things (IoT) is not only a well-researched topic but also a growing industry. Although the main idea is to connect devices to the internet, there are many ways to do this since IoT systems are application-oriented. This paper presents a wireless sensor network (WSN)based IoT platform designed for wide are aapplications. The platform consists of one or more wireless sensor networks, gateways, web servers, and databases that provide a reliable connection between field sensors and Internet databases. WSN is based on the IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slot Channel Hopping (TSCH) protocol because it has the high performance. Subsequent to the system designed for many subscribers, new synchronization plans and effective transmission functions are also planned to increase network capacity and reduce energy consumption. Therefore, the platform concept can meet the needs of high-end applications and the battery life of low-end applications

Towards a platformised welfare state? How public administration, personal data, and third-sector welfare get entangled in a nation-wide digitalisation project

In the era of digital governance, the concept of Government as a Platform (GaaP) has gained significant attention. This article studies the implementation of this concept, taking the German Social Service Platform’ as a case study. The catalyst for the development of this public platform has been the German Online Access Act (Online-Zugangs-Gesetz or OZG), which marks a pivotal moment in the country’s government digitalization efforts. Employing the analytical toolkit of the Actor-Network-Theory (ANT), the article studies the sociotechnical processes shaping the evolution of this platform. It provides a thick description of the dynamics of translating generic ideas into an already existing landscape of institutions and technologies and explores how, through the actors’ interpretations, their negotiations, and their interactions with technologies, both ideas of traditional welfare governance (subsidiarity, welfare pluralism, and executive federalism) and ideas related to the platform concept (agility, user-centered design, once-only) are continuously redefined throughout the process.

Theorizing “new ethnicities” in diasporic Europe: Jews, Muslims and Stuart Hall

ABSTRACT Stuart Hall’s concept of “new ethnicities” theorizes (post)migrant belonging by centering not on the power of othering, but rather on the agentive force of diasporic groups to contend with their essentialization and marginalization. While rooted in Black transatlantic experiences of colonialism and slavery, “new ethnicities” provides a conceptual platform from which those more broadly marginalized in the diasporic context of Europe may speak and act. In this paper, Becker argues that Hall’s theory of “new ethnicities” provides a productive lens through which to rethink the knot of religious-racialized-ethnic othering that has served to set both Muslims and Jews apart from the European mainstream. She does so by tracing the historical differentiation of Muslims and Jews, both together and apart, as well as the contemporary politics of difference enacted by Muslim and Jewish Berliners who contest essentialized understandings of their identities and marginalized sociocultural locations in Europe, today.

Internal structure modification of a simple monthly water balance model via incorporation of a machine learning-based nonlinear routing

ABSTRACT Among various monthly water balance models, one of the models that has the simplest structure and offers a well-behaved conceptual platform is the GR2M. Despite the widespread use of the model with two-free parameters, the fact that it tends to produce relatively large errors in peak flow months necessitates some modifications to the model. The reason for the mentioned simulation deficiencies could be that the relationship between the routing reservoir and the external environment of the basin is controlled by a single parameter, making the storage–discharge relationship linear. Therefore, in this study, least squares support vector regression, one of the nonlinear data-driven models, has replaced the routing part of the GR2M to enhance the monthly runoff simulation. The performance of the three-parameter hybrid model (GR3M), which was developed by considering the parameter parsimony point of view and including a machine learning (ML)-based nonlinear routing scheme, was examined in some locations in the Gediz River Basin in western Turkey. Statistical performance measures have shown that GR3M, which both leverages the capabilities of an ML model and blends conceptual outputs within a nested scheme, clearly outperforms the original GR2M. The proposed modification has brought significant improvements, especially to high-flow simulations.

EFEKTIVITAS FLATFORM TIKTOK SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS LITERASI DIGITAL

In the ever-growing digital era, social media platforms such as TikTok have become an integral part of everyday life, especially among the younger generation. TikTok, with its creative features, is not just a place for entertainment but also has great potential as an educational tool, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This research examines the effectiveness of TikTok as a digital literacy-based PAI learning medium. Through library research methods, various sources are critically analyzed to support this idea. This research begins with a discussion of the basic concepts of digital platforms, especially TikTok, including its history, development, definition and features that support user creativity. Apart from that, various types of digital platforms and their role in the education sector are also discussed. TikTok, as a short video-based platform, offers various features that can support learning, such as adding music, video filters and live streaming features. This research shows that although there is great potential, there are still doubts regarding the effectiveness of TikTok in supporting in-depth understanding and mastery of PAI material. TikTok can be used to clarify abstract concepts through graphic, audio and audio-visual media.

A step closer to sustainable CO2 conversion: Limonene carbonate production driven by ionic liquids

This work aims to advance the biocarbonate concept by developing the first process to produce limonene carbonate based on ionic liquids (ILs). Conventional petroleum-derived cyclic carbonates are recognized products partially composed of CO2 with the main drawback of the high energy consumption that imposes epoxide production. In contrast, natural epoxidable compounds, such as terpenes, stand out in the literature as a more sustainable open research line to enable CO2 conversion processes with better sustainable indicators. Limonene, an abundant natural compound, is identified as a key terpene in the aforementioned discussion. Ammonium-based ILs are experimentally selected and optimized, after covering massive anion and cation substituent tuning, achieving high selectivity and competitive yields to limonene carbonate. The reaction-extraction platform concept, which recovers the catalyst by liquid-liquid extraction, is envisioned and developed using a rational experimental-computational approach. The work concludes with a novel process to effectively produce limonene carbonate by using an IL catalyst and water as an extracting solvent. Ultimately, taking advance of the process simulation, a CO2 emissions assessment was conducted. Using renewable raw materials enhances the sustainability of CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonate, reducing global warming impact compared to fossil-based epoxides. However, limonene extraction and epoxidation have a tangible impact on the overall result of CO2 balance, turning efforts outside battery limits of the CO2 conversion process in the search of a limonene carbonate production line with negative neat CO2 emissions that may change the paradigm in the fixation of CO2 through cycloaddition reactions.