Platelets In Platelet-rich Plasma Research Articles

Optimized Methodology to Produce Platelet-Rich Plasma and Perform Platelet Aggregation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Inter-individual differences in clopidogrel metabolism and platelet counts within platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intrigued us to optimize light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) assay in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients administered with clopidogrel and ticagrelor.The objective of the study was to optimize PRP preparation using separating gel PRP tubes to perform LTA among CAD patients on clopidogrel and ticagrelor. Initially, we optimized PRP preparation and platelet aggregation (PA) on healthy controls. To validate the protocol, we recruited 10 healthy controls and 28 CAD patients, comprising 16 on clopidogrel and 12 on ticagrelor regimen. Bio-X, India, supplied PRP tubes (9 mL) with 3.2% sodium citrate. PRP and autologous platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared by centrifugation at 151 g for seven minutes and 3,780 g for 10 minutes, respectively. LTA was performed using platelet aggregometer TA-4V (Stago, Asnières-sur-Seine, France). Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (10 µM) was used as an agonist. The mean maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) among controls, clopidogrel patients, and ticagrelor patients were 55.161±13.69%,53.17±22%, and 35.84±20.79% (p=0.042), respectively. The mean platelet volumes among groups were 9.34±2.51fL, 7.60±0.85fL, and 10.99±1.62fL (p≤0.01), respectively. We successfully optimized PRP preparation for the LTA assay using a PRP tube. Its application to measure PA routinely in a cardiology clinic seems propitious.

Prolonged administration of oral phenylbutazone and firocoxib in horses has no impact on selected cytokine and growth factor concentrations in platelet-rich plasma and autologous protein solution.

To determine the effects of prolonged administration of the oral NSAIDs phenylbutazone and firocoxib on concentrations of cytokines and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous protein solution (APS). 6 adult University owned horses. Horses were randomized to receive phenylbutazone (1 g, orally, q 12 h) or firocoxib (57 mg, orally, q 24 h) for 6 days. Blood was obtained and processed for APS (Pro-Stride) and PRP (Restigen) before the administration of NSAIDs and at 7 days (1 day following cessation of NSAIDs). Horses underwent a two-week washout period, during which blood was obtained at 14 days and 21 days. The protocol was repeated with a crossover design. PRP and APS were analyzed for concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, and several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and growth factors (PDGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β1) using immunoassays. Plasma was evaluated for drug concentrations. No significant differences existed in concentrations of growth factors and cytokines before or after prolonged administration of NSAIDs. There were significant differences in concentrations of leukocytes and platelets in PRP compared to APS, with higher concentrations of leukocytes at the day 7 time point (T) in APS (phenylbutazone) and in concentrations of platelets in APS at T0 (firocoxib) and in APS at T7 (phenylbutazone). Veterinarians can recommend the administration of these oral NSAIDs prior to obtaining blood for PRP and APS provided a single-day washout period is instituted.

Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in various medical and surgical specialties for its regenerative properties, including aesthetics (facial rejuvenation, hair restoration, and skin tightening) and orthopedics (treatment of tendinitis and osteoarthritis). However, the inconsistent literature on PRP's efficacy and safety leads to critical knowledge gaps. This systematic review evaluates quality control measures in PRP preparation and application and explores the regulatory environment governing its clinical use. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, for studies published from January 2020 to April 2024. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving human participants undergoing PRP treatment for aesthetic or regenerative purposes. Key parameters such as the PRP preparation methods, platelet concentration, and quality control measures were analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024557669). Results: Out of 75 RCTs involving 5726 patients, the review identified significant variability in PRP preparation methods and application techniques, including differences in centrifugation protocols and platelet concentration levels. A new evidence-based scoring system, the William-Eqram Scoring System for PRP Quality Reporting (WESS-PQR), was proposed to address these inconsistencies. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.79) between proper temperature control during preparation and PRP efficacy. Initial platelet count assessment showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.57) with efficacy. Conclusions: Standardized PRP preparation protocols and robust regulatory frameworks are urgently needed to ensure the safety and efficacy of PRP treatments. The proposed WESS-PQR scoring system can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers, promoting consistency and reliability in PRP applications.

Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphisms Q360H and T347S attenuate its endogenous inhibition of thrombosis

Platelets are small anucleate cells that play a key role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Our group previously identified apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) as an endogenous inhibitor of thrombosis by competitive blockade of the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets. ApoA-IV inhibition of platelets was dependent on the N-terminal D5/D13 residues, and enhanced with absence of the C-terminus, suggesting it sterically hinders its N-terminal platelet binding site. The C-terminus is also the site of common apoA-IV polymorphisms apoA-IV-1a (T347S) and apoA-IV-2 (Q360H). Interestingly, both are linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we generated recombinant apoA-IV and found that the Q360H or T347S polymorphisms dampened its inhibition of platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma and gel-filtered platelets, reduced its inhibition of platelet spreading, and its inhibition of P-selectin on activated platelets. Using an ex vivo thrombosis assay, we found that Q360H and T347S attenuated its inhibition of thrombosis at both high (1800s−1) and low (300s−1) shear rates. We then demonstrate a conserved monomer-dimer distribution among apoA-IV WT, Q360H, and T347S and use protein structure modelling software to show Q360H and T347S enhance C-terminal steric hindrance over the N-terminal platelet-binding site. These data provide critical insight into increased cardiovascular risk for individuals with Q360H or T347S polymorphisms.

Comparison of the Efficacy Between Regional Nerve Block and Ring Block as Local Anesthetic Techniques for Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment.

Introduction Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a solution of concentrated platelets, has been widely used to promote wound repair and tissue regeneration. In the treatment of pattern hair loss, platelets in PRP secrete an abundance of growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), and many more, which stimulate and increase signaling molecules and accelerate cell proliferation. In the PRP treatment for hair regrowth, the supratrochlear nerve (STN) block and supraorbital nerve (SON) block are given to anesthetize the scalp up to the vertex except for the temporal region. The ring block is the common local anesthetic technique usedby infiltrating local anesthetic agents around the target area. The primary objectives were to compare the pain and anesthetic success rates produced by regional nerve blocks and ring blocks. Materials and methods A sample size of 100 patients undergoing PRP treatment for hair regrowth were taken as the subjects for the study. Patients were allotted into two groups by randomization. Group 1 was given regional nerve blocks as the anesthetic technique used for local anesthesia, and group 2 was given ring blocks. In the study group, STN and SON blocks as the regional nerve blocks were given 2% lignocaine with 1:80000 adrenaline to anesthetize the area, and the PRP was injected from the anterior hairline up to the vertex of the scalp, not involving the occipital and temporal regions. In the control group, a ring block was given for the same procedure. Participants from both groups were assessed for the pain and analgesia caused by ring block and regional nerve blocks using the visual analog scale (VAS). Results A mean rank of 30.28 was observed for the regional nerve block technique, and a mean rank of 70.72 was observed for the ring block technique. A p-value of 0.00 that is <0.05 was observed, which shows there is a significant difference in the pain and the analgesia experienced by the subjects between the two groups, during and three hours after the procedure. Conclusion PRP is one of the most commonly used treatments for hair regrowth. The ring block is the common local anesthetic technique used for producing anesthesia, while regional nerve blocks are more effective in producing local anesthesia. This study proves that STN and SON blocks are better anesthetic techniques than the ring block technique for PRP treatment in hair growth.

Effect of nanofat combined with platelet-rich plasma for treatment of pressure injury wounds in rats

To investigate the effect of allogeneic nanofat combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treatment of pressure injury wounds in rats. Forty SD rat models with pressure injury wounds were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) for treatment with nanofat, PRP (platelet count about 6.2 times that of normal whole blood), nanofat combined with PRP, or PBS only (control group).Wound healing was observed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 and wound healing rate was calculated. On days 5, 10 and 14, tissue samples were taken from the wounds for HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to observe inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen formation, deposition and arrangement, angiogenesis, inflammatory factor expression and VEGF expression in the wounds. The combined treatment with nanofat and PRP achieved the highest wound healing rates at all the time points of observation (P < 0.05), enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration on day 5, and accelerated dermal and epidermal growth compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05). The combined treatment also more effectively promoted collagen expression and its regular arrangement (P < 0.05) and enhanced angiogenesis in the wounds than nanofat and PRP alone, without significant difference between the latter two treatments (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expressions of MCP-1 and VEGF in the wounds were the highest in the combined treatment group (P < 0.05) and were higher in nanofat and PRP treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Nanofat combined with PRP can significantly promote healing of pressure injury wounds in rats, and their synergistic effect sheds light on a new strategy for treatment of pressure injury wounds.

A comparative study of platelet storage lesion in platelet-rich plasma under cryopreservation.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has significant potential for various applications and holds clinical value in regenerative medicine. Cryopreservation is used to extend the preservation period of PRP, facilitating its clinical application. However, the potential negative effects of long-term cryopreservation on platelet storage lesion are still uncertain. In this study, PRP was stored at - 30°C or - 80°C. Platelet count, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and CD62P expression were assessed on the 14th and 28th days. The study also evaluated platelet mitochondria morphology and function, serotonin (5-HT) secretion by platelets, and the inflammatory activating effect of cryopreserved platelets in PRP. The results showed that there were no significant differences in platelet count, the content of 5-HT, and inflammatory effects between fresh PRP and PRP cryopreserved at both - 30°C and - 80°C. However, there was an increase in ROS level, apoptosis, and CD62P level after cryopreservation at both temperatures. Additionally, the levels of ROS, apoptosis, and CD62P in platelets were similar after storage at - 30°C and - 80°C. The main difference observed was that the morphology and function of mitochondria were severely damaged after storage at - 30°C, while they were less affected at - 80°C. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that storing PRP at - 80°C is more suitable for achieving a better therapeutic effect in clinical applications, but cryopreservation could not replace the current standard.

Application of human platelet lysate in chondrocyte expansion promotes chondrogenic phenotype and slows senescence progression via BMP–TAK1–p38 pathway

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal degenerative. OA treatments are aiming to slow down disease progression; however, lack of cartilage regeneration efficacy. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising cartilage-regeneration strategy that uses human articular chondrocytes (HACs) as cellular materials. However, the unreadiness of HACs from prolonged expansion, cellular senescence, and chondrogenic dedifferentiation occurred during conventional expansion, thus, minimizing the clinical efficacy of ACI. We aimed to examine the effects of a human platelet lysate (HPL) as an alternative human-derived HAC medium supplement to overcome the limitations of conventional expansion, and to explain the mechanism underlying the effects of HPL. During passages 2–4 (P2-P4), HPL significantly increased HAC proliferation capacities and upregulated chondrogenic markers. Simultaneously, HPL significantly reduced HAC senescence compared with conventional condition. HACs treated with LDN193189 exhibited a reduction in proliferation capacity and chondrogenic marker expression, whereas the HAC senescence increased slightly. These findings indicated involvement of BMP-2 signaling transduction in the growth-assistive, anti-senescent, and chondrogenic-inductive properties of HPL, which demonstrated its beneficial effects for application as HAC medium supplement to overcome current expansion limitations. Finally, our findings support the roles of platelets in platelet-rich plasma as a promising treatment for patients with OA.

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Augmentation: A Novel Approach in Management of Radicular Cyst Present at Different Locations within Jaw: A Case Series

Periapical cysts are inflammatory cysts that developed due to caries and trauma of the involved tooth. Usually, the tooth becomes nonvital with pain, swelling, and sinus formation. On radiographic examination these cyst shows radiolucency around the apex of the involved tooth. On aspiration straw colored inflammatory fluid with or without pus comes out suggestive of a radicular cyst. Surgical removal with curettage of the lesion, apicoectomy, and root canal treatment should be performed to treat the lesion. Excised cavity can be augmented with PRP (Platelet rich plasma) or PRF (Platelet rich fibrin) for better healing of the lesion. This case series reported 3 such cases and their treatment with follow-up.

Factors affecting the features of platelet-rich plasma in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study was to present an analysis of platelet-rich plasma obtained from patients with knee osteoarthritis and reveal the factors affecting its features. A total of 62 patients (mean age: 56.68 ± 7.13 years) with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were included in this study. Age (years), gender, height (m), weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2), duration of symptoms, smoking status, smoking index, general health status, and physical activity scores were recorded. Whole blood and platelet-rich plasma cell counts were performed with a hematology analyzer. White blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet counts were recorded. According to the dose of injected platelets, efficiency of the procedure, purity of platelet-rich plasma, and activation classification, dose of platelets, efficiency of the procedure (platelet recovery rate, %), and purity of the obtained platelet-rich plasma product (relative composition in platelets, %) were calculated. Correlation analysis between the features of platelet-rich plasma and the patient-related variables, including age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, smoking index, presence of other health conditions, physical activity scores, duration of symptoms, and pain levels, was performed. Dose of injected platelets, efficiency of the procedure, purity of platelet-rich plasma, and activation analysis showed that the dose of injected platelets was 3.25 billion, the efficiency of the process was 77%, and the purity rate of the platelet-rich plasma was 98.4%. Platelet-rich plasma platelet count was correlated with whole blood platelet count (r = 0.81, P < .001), whole blood white blood cell count (r = 0.39, P = .002), smoking status (r = 0.56, P = .03), smoking index (r = -0.63, P = .002), and the presence of hypertension (r = -0.31, P=.04). Platelet-rich plasma white blood cell and purity of platelet-rich plasma were correlated with the smoking status of the patients (r = 0.52, P = .01; r = 0.64, P = .003, respectively). This study has demonstrated that high dose and very pure platelet-rich plasma with medium efficiency was yielded with this platelet-rich plasma preparation procedure; whole blood platelet count, the presence of hypertension, and the smoking status of patients affect the features of the obtained platelet-rich plasma. Level IV, Diagnostic Study.

Efficacy of Intraarticular Knee Injection of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) vs Steroid (Triamcinolone Acetate) for the Treatment of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis Grade I &amp; II

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma), and to compare with Triamcinolone 40mg (Steroid) on functional activity, stiffness and pain in Grade I &amp; II Knee OA. Method: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted at outdoor departments of Advanced Pain Relief Center, Lifeline Hospital Lahore (Pakistan) from January 2022 to December 2022. The present study included a total of 235 participants, out of whom 190 individuals were deemed eligible for inclusion based on predetermined criteria. The remaining 45 participants were excluded from the study due to non-adherence to eligibility criteria and lack of approval from institutional ethical committee. Out of a total of 190 subjects enrolled in the study, 64 (33%) were characterized as male while 126 (67%) were classified as female. The participants' mean age was 53.5 ± 6.4 years. Alternative patients were treated with intra-articular injection of either triamcinolone 40mg or PRP. Patients randomized in Steroid group (n=95) were gives intraarticular 40mg Triamcinolone acetate (1ml) along with 2ml of Local anaesthetic Lignocaine 1%, whereas patients randomized in PRP group (n=95) were injected 5ml PRP. “The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index” (WOMAC) Scale was used for functional disability and pain before and after the therapy for the targeted knee joint at the baseline 1 week, 5 weeks, 8 weeks and 20 weeks follow-ups. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were also recorded for pain. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: There wasn't any serious adverse effect observed during the study and follow-ups. 25 WOMAC functional activity scale showed statistically significant improvement with Intraarticular knee injection of PRP compared to steroids(40.64±1.87vs.27.17±6.01)(p=0.000). WOMACpainscaleresultsalsodemonstrated that intraarticular knee injection of PRP was more effective in reducing knee pain than steroids (p = 0.000) at 20 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of our study, we concluded that platelet rich plasma is more effective than intra-articular steroids in terms of improvement in functional activity and reduction of pain in patients with Grade I &amp; II knee osteoarthritis. Both PRPand steroid intraarticular injections are safe.

Optimization of Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparation for Use in Clinical Practice

INTRODUCTION Development of effective biological products, based on human platelets, is very actual in regenerative medicine. The initial material for biological products’ obtaining is platelet-rich plasma (PRP), but the method of PRP isolation has not yet been standardized.AIM To assess the quality of platelets in PRP, harvested by different centrifugation modes.MATERIAL AND METHODS For platelet study, venous blood was harvested from volunteer donors. We used 3 methods for PRP-preparation, each methods included 2-stage centrifugation: 5 min 300g and 17 min 700g (Group 1); 10 min 300g and 10 min 700g (Group 2); 15 min 300g and 5 min 700g (Group 3). Platelets were examined using morphofunctional method based on vital cell staining.RESULTS In Group 1 and Group 2, the overall safety of biologically high-grade platelets in PRP was similar and estimated 55-60% of their total content in the blood. In Group 3 the safety of biologically high-grade platelets was only 30% (p&lt;0,05).CONCLUSION The centrifugation modes «5 min 300 g / 700 g 17 min» and «10 min 300 g / 10 min 700 g» allowed researchers to obtain equal quality PRP, while «10 min 300 g / 10 min 700 g» mode has a number of instrumental benefits.

Substantial Variability in Platelet-Rich Plasma Composition Is Based on Patient Age and Baseline Platelet Count

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and baseline blood count on the final composition of platelet rich-plasma (PRP) and to evaluate the variability of PRP applied in the same patient at 2 different times.MethodsPotential subjects treated with PRP between January 2019 and December 2021 were identified in an institutional registry. Patient demographics and baseline blood count were prospectively recorded in a consecutive series of patients treated with PRP for a musculoskeletal condition in our Institution. The influence of sex, BMI, age, and baseline blood count on final platelet concentrations in PRP was evaluated. Finally, intrapersonal variability was evaluated.ResultsA total of 403 PRP injections from 357 patients were analyzed from an institutional prospective registry of PRP between January 2019 and December 2021. A directly proportional variation in PRP platelet count of 3.8× was observed for each unit increase in baseline blood platelet count. For every decade increase, we observed an approximate decrease of 32,666 platelets. When the first dose of PRP platelet counts was compared with the second dose of PRP platelet counts between the same patients, significant differences were found. A mean of 890,018 platelets in the first PRP and a mean of 1,244,467 in the second PRP with a mean difference of 354,448 was found (P = .008). We did not find differences in the final concentration of platelets regarding sex, BMI, or PRP protocol.ConclusionsOverall the final composition of PRP (platelet count) was significantly influenced by patient’s age and baseline platelet count. In contrast, BMI, sex and the rest of the components of the baseline blood count did not have a significant influence on final PRP. Furthermore, in patients who received 2 doses of PRP, the final concentration of platelets varied significantly between the 2 preparations.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, prognostic case series. To evaluate the effect of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and baseline blood count on the final composition of platelet rich-plasma (PRP) and to evaluate the variability of PRP applied in the same patient at 2 different times. Potential subjects treated with PRP between January 2019 and December 2021 were identified in an institutional registry. Patient demographics and baseline blood count were prospectively recorded in a consecutive series of patients treated with PRP for a musculoskeletal condition in our Institution. The influence of sex, BMI, age, and baseline blood count on final platelet concentrations in PRP was evaluated. Finally, intrapersonal variability was evaluated. A total of 403 PRP injections from 357 patients were analyzed from an institutional prospective registry of PRP between January 2019 and December 2021. A directly proportional variation in PRP platelet count of 3.8× was observed for each unit increase in baseline blood platelet count. For every decade increase, we observed an approximate decrease of 32,666 platelets. When the first dose of PRP platelet counts was compared with the second dose of PRP platelet counts between the same patients, significant differences were found. A mean of 890,018 platelets in the first PRP and a mean of 1,244,467 in the second PRP with a mean difference of 354,448 was found (P = .008). We did not find differences in the final concentration of platelets regarding sex, BMI, or PRP protocol. Overall the final composition of PRP (platelet count) was significantly influenced by patient’s age and baseline platelet count. In contrast, BMI, sex and the rest of the components of the baseline blood count did not have a significant influence on final PRP. Furthermore, in patients who received 2 doses of PRP, the final concentration of platelets varied significantly between the 2 preparations.

Perilesional injections of human platelet lysate versus platelet poor plasma for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A double-blinded prospective clinical trial.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major cause of morbidity, non-traumatic lower limb amputation in diabetic patients and a high-cost burden on the healthcare system. New therapeutic products are increasingly tested. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and human platelet lysate (hPL) are reported to be useful. This trial was conducted to test whether the healing effect of hPL in chronic DFU was due to plasma or platelet lysates in a prospective double-blind design. Autologous PRP was obtained from citrated blood, lysed, and used as drug 1 (active product). The platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was used as a drug 2 (placebo). Ten patients were enrolled in arm 1 and 9 in arm 2. The drugs were injected perilesionally every 2 weeks for a total of sixinjections. Adverse events were recorded until Week 14. The DFUs were scored per the Texas and Wegner systems. No patient showed any major adverse events. Some reported local pain post-injection. Wound healing was achieved in the hPL group in 9/10 of patients at a mean of 35.1 days. In the PPP group, no patient had healed by Day 84. The difference was statistically significant at P < 0.00001. We conclude that autologous hPL is safe and highly effective in healing chronic DFU and is superior to autologous PPP.

Hyaluronic acid-based dual network hydrogel with sustained release of platelet-rich plasma as a diabetic wound dressing

In recent years, the incidence of diabetic skin ulcers has increased. Because of its extremely high disability and fatality rate, it brings a huge burden to patients and society. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a large number of biologically active substances and is of great clinical value in the treatment of various wounds. However, its weak mechanical properties and the consequent abrupt release of active substances greatly limit its clinical application and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we chose hyaluronic acid (HA) and ε-polylysine (ε-PLL) to prepare a hydrogel with the ability to prevent wound infection and promote tissue regeneration. At the same time, using the macropore barrier effect of the lyophilized hydrogel scaffold, platelets in PRP are activated with calcium gluconate in the macropores of the scaffold carrier, and fibrinogen from PRP is converted in a fibrin-packed network forming a gel that interpenetrates the hydrogel scaffold carrier, thus creating a double network hydrogel with slow-release of growth factors from degranulated platelets. The hydrogel not only showed better performance in functional assays in vitro, but also showed more superior therapeutic effects in reducing inflammatory response, promoting collagen deposition, facilitating re-epithelialization and angiogenesis in the treatment of full skin defects in diabetic rats.

Comparative characterization between autologous serum and platelet lysate under different temperatures and storage times

Therapies using autologous serum and platelet lysate have shown promise among blood and biological products in the treatment of various diseases. The autologous serum has been shown to be a superior alternative to traditional eye drops in treating eye diseases in ophthalmology. Figurelet lysate (PL) has recently been considered a more interesting alternative for the treatment of multiple tissues, as it does not have the unfavorable reactions seen with traditional platelet-rich plasma (PRP), making it a valuable blood derivative for use in ocular therapy. There is no definitive comparison in veterinary medicine between PL and autologous serum in terms of the content of Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-1), which is known to have chemotactic, mitogenic, matrix formation, and angiogenesis effects on tissues, and beneficial proteins in ocular tissue. This study aimed to estimate the concentrations of TGF-1, total protein, and albumin, as well as autologous serum and platelet lysate, in horses over an 8-day storage period at temperatures of 4 °C and 37 °C. To produce autologous serum, 63 ml of blood was collected from each animal in seven 9 ml tubes without anticoagulant. For platelet lysate, 180 ml of blood was collected in 50 tubes of 3.6 ml with 3.2% sodium citrate. The most significant findings were the positive relationship between the baseline platelet count in the blood and the final platelet concentration in PRP. Specifically, we found a correlation (R = 0.9) with a p - value of 0.005 between the average baseline platelet level of seven animals and their corresponding PRP results, both on an individual level and as a group. Additionally, there was a correlation between growth factor concentration and PRP platelets, with the highest growth factor concentration in PL. The temperature storage group exhibited higher concentrations of total protein and serum albumin, as well as the maximum amount of growth factor for both products at a temperature of 37 °C.

Comparison of single and double centrifugation methods for preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP).

To compare the platelet count, platelet concentration/yield, residual Red blood cells (RBCs) and White blood cells (WBCs) counts in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples prepared from the single- and the double-centrifugation protocols. It was a Cross-Sectional study, conducted at the Department of Hematology & Transfusion Medicine, The Children's Hospital and UCHS, Lahore from October 2021 to January 2022 including 50 voluntary, healthy individuals of age 20-45 years of both genders, after taking informed consent. Complete blood count analysis of all participants was done initially by drawing 3ml blood in EDTA vial. From all the participants, 20 ml venous blood sample was taken in syringes containing tri-sodium citrate and then shifted to harvest tubes. Group-I comprised of PRP samples prepared by single- centrifugation method. While Group-II samples were prepared by Double-centrifugation method consisting of soft and hard spin. The platelet, RBC and WBC counts in prepared PRP samples were determined by using automated SYSMEX XP-100 hematology analyzer. Platelet yield or Platelet concentration (%) was calculated for samples using formula. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The mean PRP platelet count in Group-I was 594.6±157.4×103/μl whereas in Group-II was 923.06 ± 127.58×103/μl. In Group-I, the mean platelet concentration/yield in PRP was 175.75 ± 55.08% while in Group-II, it was 276.78 ± 112.7%. Significant difference was observed between the platelet counts and platelet concentration/yields from the PRP samples of two Group-s (p < 0.01). Significant difference between the WBCs count was also observed (p < 0.01) with higher WBCs in Group- I PRP. Residual RBCs were almost same among two Group-s. The double centrifugation protocol resulted in higher platelet quantity and yield with less contamination by red and white blood cells than did the single centrifugation protocol for PRP preparation. So, double centrifugation method is beneficial in preparation of autologous as well as allogenic PRP.

Effect of platelet counts and activator in platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, split-head comparison: A randomised, double-blind study.

Background Androgenetic alopecia is a common, chronic, non-scarring alopecia. It is characterised by stepwise miniaturisation of the hair follicles, due to alteration in the hair cycle dynamics, leading to the transformation of terminal hair follicles into a vellus ones. Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are the only approved drugs for treating this condition. Due to a limited number of effective therapies for androgenetic alopecia, platelet-rich plasma may be an effective alternative treatment. Aims To study the effect of activator in platelet-rich plasma and baseline platelet count in platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Methods A randomised, double-blind split-head comparative study. The sample size was calculated and randomisation was done. Patients with androgenetic alopecia were allocated into two groups; in the first group, autologous activated platelet-rich plasma was injected in the right half of the affected scalp and autologous non-activated platelet-rich plasma was injected in the left half of the affected scalp and vice versa in the second group. Patients were also categorised on the basis of platelet counts in their platelet-rich plasma in three groups; group A (6-8 lakh/mm3), group B (8.1-10 lakh/mm3) and group C (>10 lakh/mm3). Interventions were done monthly for three months and followed up for the next three months. Effects of interventions were assessed by hair density, hair thickness, patient self-assessment and clinical photography. Results A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Activated platelet-rich plasma produced significant improvement of hair density after four months and hair thickness at 6 months. An increase in platelet count led to a significant increase in hair density and hair thickness after three and four months respectively and a highly significant increase in both parameters at the end of the study. Limitations Long-term follow-up of cases was not done and no measurement of vellus hair count was done. Conclusion There is a significant effect of activator and platelet count of the platelet-rich plasma on hair density as well as hair thickness.

Hyaluronic acid/platelet rich plasma-infused core-shell nanofiber membrane to prevent postoperative tendon adhesion and promote tendon healing

An anti-adhesive barrier membrane incorporating hyaluronic acid (HA) can reduce fibroblasts attachment and impart lubrication effect for smooth tendon gliding during management of post-surgical tendon adhesion. On the other hand, as numerous growth factors are required during tendon recovery, growth factors released by platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can provide beneficial therapeutic effects to facilitate tendon recovery post tendon injury. Furthermore, PRP is reported to be associated with anti-inflammatory properties for suppressing postoperative adhesion. Toward this end, we fabricate core-shell nanofiber membranes (NFM) with HA/PRP-infused core and polycaprolactone shell in this study. Different NFM with 100 % (H-P), 75 % (HP31-P), 50 % (HP11-P) and 25 % (H31-P) HA in the core was fabricated through coaxial electrospinning and analyzed through microscopic, pore size, mechanical, as well as HA and growth factor release studies. In vitro study with fibroblasts indicates the NFM can act as a barrier to prevent cell penetration and reduce cell attachment/focal adhesion, in addition to promoting tenocyte migration in tendon healing. In vivo studies in a rabbit flexor tendon rupture model indicates the HP11-P NFM shows improved efficacy over H-P NFM and control in reducing tendon adhesion formation and inflammation, while promoting tendon healing, from functional assays and histological analysis.

FLAG Regimen and Bortezomib: A Study of Eight Cases with Relapsed Leukaemia

Historically, relapsed and refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) have been associated with a dismal prognosis. Relapse-refractory ALL is associated with cure rates of &lt;10% in adults and 30% in the paediatric population. Similarly, the five-year survival rates for relapsed and refractory AML are only 10%. This case series describes eight patients with relapsed/refractory leukaemia (6 with ALL and 2 with AML) who received the FLAG-Bortezomib protocol from January 2021 to August 2022. In this case series, the authors investigated the remission rate and toxicity of the regimen, including Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and the incidence of neutropenic sepsis. In the present study, the rates of culture-positive sepsis and High Dependency Unit (HDU) admission were 50% (4/8) and 37.5% (3/8), respectively, with no post-chemotherapy mortality in this cohort. Morphologic remission was documented in 87.5% (7/8) of cases, and negative minimal residual disease was achieved in 62.5% (5/8), with 100% (2/2) remission in those with AML. One patient with ALL experienced disease progression during treatment. The FLAG with Bortezomib protocol induces remission in relapsed and refractory ALL and AML patients with an acceptable toxicity profile. This protocol requires rigorous blood product support in the form of packed red blood cells, platelet-rich plasma, and single-donor platelet apheresis. It serves as a bridge to stem cell transplant.