Plastic Spoon Research Articles

Edible Spoon and Edible Straw: Solusi Cerdik dalam Mengurangi Sampah Plastik di Jombang, Jawa Timur

Plastic is a polymer compound whose main constituent elements are carbon and hydrogen. Because it is difficult to decompose in nature, plastic is the biggest contributor to waste which causes damage to the natural balance. Based on data from the National Waste Management Information System (2023), Plastic waste is the second most common type of waste after food waste, as many as 41.1%. The solution to banning the use of plastic spoons and straws has been found by creating environmentally friendly spoons and straws that are edible and biodegradable. This biodegradable (Edible Spoon) uses wheat flour as a base so it is safe for consumption. Edible and biodegradable straws (Edible Straw) are also made from natural ingredients, namely cassava flour (mocaf) and cornstarch. The method used to produce Edible Straw is the fruit peel method. The method used to produce Edible Straw is the fruit peel method. This method is used to make Edible Straw dough from a mixture of dough and fruit which is mashed into a thin sheet resembling skin. This community service was carried out by STIKES PEMKBAB Jombang students with the aim of reducing the amount of plastic waste, especially plastic spoon and straw waste in Jombang.

Study Of Traditional Food At Maminang Events In Lubuk Minturun Sub-District, Padang City

This research is motivated by the lack of knowledge of the younger generation about customs, one of which is food at maminang events. This research aims to describe the stages, types of traditional food, ways of processing traditional food, tools used to process and serve traditional food and the meaning of the food served. at a traditional Maminang event in Lubuk Minturun Village, Padang City. The type of research used is qualitative research, the research object is traditional food at the maminang event in Lubuk Miturun Village, Padang City, the research informants are Ninik Mamak, Bundo Kanduang, and women in Lubuk Minturun Village who know about the maminang event. The data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation and the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research illustrate that the stages of carrying out traditional Maminang events are divided into two, namely: preparation before the traditional Maminang event includes batanyo/bakandak pie and processing traditional food, and stages of traditional Maminang events include going to the man's house, handing over luggage, sit down and eat basamo, barundiang or maetong hari/manakok hari, batuka tando and go home. The traditional food served at the Maminang event is nasi lamak, chicken singgang, sponge cake, bananas and jelly. The tools used to process traditional food at the Maminang event are the steamer, cauldron, talenang, pariuk, stove and plastic spoon. The tools used to serve and carry traditional dishes are carano, tray, pinggan gadang, tray, and piriang. The food served has deep meaning and purpose.

Characterization of a bioplastic spoon based on kepok banana (Musa acuminata balbisiana C.) starch with the addition of areca nut shells (Areca catechu L.) and glycerol

Bioplastic spoon is one of the complementary packaging for food products, especially instant food, its massive use makes plastic spoon waste contribute to reduce the plastic waste that is dumped into the environment. This study aims to produce and characterize bioplastic spoons made from kepok banana peel starch with areca nut shells as fillers and glycerol as plasticizer which is environmentally friendly. This study consisted of four stages, such as the stage of making Kepok Banana Peel starch, the stage of extracting cellulose rind of Areca Nut, the stage of making bioplastic spoons and the stage of testing parameters. Various concentration of the cellulose (0%; 5%; 15%; and 20% w/w) and glycerol (0 mL; 2 mL; 3 mL and 5 mL) was added to the mixture that contain 8 g of kepok banana peel starch and 150 mL of aquadest. Then, the mixture was moulded to spoon mold that made from flexi glass material and dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 0C for 5 hours and stored in the desiccator. The results showed that the properties of the bioplastic spoon such as tensile strength were decreased while more concentration of the areca nut shells and Glycerol was added. For the elongation of the bioplastic spoon, the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol can increased the elongation of bioplastic spoon. The SEM results show that the bioplastic spoon have a rough or unsmooth surface due to undissolved starch and cellulose fibers. Meanwhile for the biodegradation of the bioplastic spoon, the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol can increased the biodegradation of bioplastic spoon. In conclusion, these results indicate that the addition of areca nut shells and glycerol affects the properties of bioplastic spoon.

Peningkatan Produktivitas Lansia Di Panti Wreda Widhi Asih Surakarta Melalui Sekar Panik (Senam, Karya, Pangan, Hidroponik) Berbasis Active Ageing

Elderly people are those who have reached the age of 60 years or more who need activities to avoid experiencing dementia, the elderly have socio-psychological problems related to stress, loneliness and mental problems. So the PKM-PM team at Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta, provided an activity to make the elderly productive through skills activities at the Widhi Asih Nursing Home, Surakarta. The methods applied in this activity include: (1) providing information related to the skills activities carried out (2) preparing the main materials and skills framework, (3) making craft skills from plastic spoons, used cardboard and flannel, (4) process final completion of skills and monitoring with the elderly. The result of the service is that seniors are able to participate in craft skills activities from start to finish with enthusiasm. Skills activities can fill the elderly's free time thereby suppressing dementia. Activities can be developed with creativity, new skills according to the abilities and desires of the elderly. This service has achieved the expected results and the sustainability of this program continues to be carried out through monitoring pattern. 

Novel dipole-enhancement mechanism and detection of high-sensitivity trace environmental hormone bisphenol A with LiCl as co-adsorbates using simple metal-nanoparticle-free solid SERS substrates

Some halogen ions (X = Cl-,Br-,I-) dissociated from alkali-metal-salt analyte (NaX(aq), KX(aq)) were used to enhance SERS signals in colloid substrates. The currently proposed mechanisms of halogen ions enhanced colloid SERS signals is the halogen ions as an aggregating agent to enhance analyte molecules on the hotspots. No effect of solid-state halogen salt on the solid SERS substrates is reported and remaining unclear. Here, a novel dipole-enhancement mechanism of new LiCl(s) salt addition to bisphenol A (BPA) of environmental hormone as co-adsorbates on solid SERS substrates is proposed, which exhibits the strong dipoles interaction of the solid state LiCl(s) with phenol and the better affinity of LiCl-BPA than BPA on the surface of substrate. The dipoles of solid-state LiCl(s) can attract the OH- bonds and benzene rings of BPA molecules, leading to specific amplification of those closer bonds. Also, LiCl interrupts the H-bonds of solution, resulting in better affinity and hydrophilicity, which enables nonspecific amplification of SERS spectra. A low concentration of 1 ppb BPA was detected by adding 1 wt% LiCl and a good coefficient of determination (R2 =0.9955) of BPA was achieved. Testing commercial plastic spoons and zipper bags with Bisphenol about 7.3 and 20.1 ppb were practically demonstrated.

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK PLASTIK MENGGUNAKAN SIX SIGMA GUNA MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING

One of the products produced by PT. XYZ is in the form of a white plastic spoon in the production process, and problems are often found in the form of products having defects that significantly affect the quality, management system, and expenses of the company. To overcome this, an analysis was carried out using the Six Sigma method, and from the calculation results obtained a sigma value of 3.9 with a defect value of 10531 for a million production. From the results of the analysis carried out to push the company towards zero defects by seeking improvements to machine and human factors as the main factors for product defect problems, some of the recommendations for improvements given are to carry out maintenance on the machines and tools that exist in the company, to rearrange the machines damaged by changing parts so as not to hinder the ongoing production flow, supervising worker operators using Production Operations Standards (SOP), conducting a worker appraisal system according to applicable regulations so that workers are motivated to perform better.
 Keywords: plastic products, defects, quality, Six Sigma

Optimizing the Amount of Production Using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic and Census II

Companies should do planning before the production process. Production planning is expected to avoid excessive or insufficient product stocks that harm the company. This study aims to help a plastic spoon company in Gresik, East Java to determine the optimal amount of production using the Fuzzy method. The input variables used are the amount of demand and supply. However, the amount of demand that fluctuated, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, made it difficult for the company to estimate the amount of demand in the upcoming production period. Therefore, in this study, the amount of demand is calculated from the results of forecasting with the Cencus II method. The results of the study provide an accuracy of the recommendations for the amount of production of 77% and an accuracy of forecasting results of 82%.

Demonstration of stereophonic projection lithography using parabolic mirror optics and collimated illumination from one side

Capability of stereophonic projection lithography on arbitrarily but gently curved surfaces was demonstrated using plastic spoons as a reticle and specimens to be patterned. It had already been clarified that the patterned area size was drastically enlarged by illuminating the transparent reticle obliquely upward by collimated light from one side. Here, it was confirmed at first that 200 μm line-and-space patterns in 10 mm square area on a flat reticle were stably replicated on Si wafers with large exposure-time and focus margins. Next, reticle patterns on a spoon concave were successfully replicated on convex surfaces of specimen spoons. On the other hand, it was clarified that resist pattern field was distorted in a warped trapezoid, and pattern sizes were also varied similarly. However, because the distortions are regular and systematic, they are probably no problem, if critical overlays are not required. And, the distortions can be compensated by modifying the reticle, if necessary.

PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG BERAS MERAH DAN BERAS HITAM DALAM PEMBUATAN PRODUK EDIBLE SPOON

The most widely used tableware is plastic spoon. However, its usage can cause environmental problems in the form of plastic waste. This plastic waste can be overcome by alternative innovations of making environmentally friendly tablespoon or edible spoon. Edible spoon can be made from a mixture of cereal flour, namely wheat flour, red rice flour, and black rice flour. Gluten from wheat flour is used to form a sturdy edible spoon texture, while red rice flour and black rice have anthocyanin pigments that act as natural dyes and antioxidants. The type of cereal flour used affects the characteristics of the edible spoons produced. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of edible spoons made from a mixture of flour and red rice flour as well as wheat and black rice flour. This experiment used a randomized block research design (RBD) with 6 levels of treatment comparing the use of wheat flour with red rice flour or black rice flour, namely 65:35; 60:40; 55:45; 50:50; 45:55; and 40:60. The research data was analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT (α=5%). The fracture power of black and red rice edible spoons ranged from 13,196±0,5312 to 71,545±0,0091 and 15,637±0,0113 to 37,348±0,0230, the rehydration power range of black and red rice edible spoons were 16,56±0,7332 to 25,75±0,0005 and 14,88±0,1357 to 17,81±1,3077, as well as the antioxidant activity for red rice edible spoons were 87,6250 to 97,5500 and black rice 85,1250 to 98,0250.

Quantification of waste in schools: A case study in Danang City, Vietnam

BACKGROUND AND AIM Waste is a major problem that can affect the environment and health; especially in developing countries where there is often a lack of an appropriate system for waste treatment. Understanding the current situation of waste, its common type and amount are important to develop appropriate strategies for waste control, especially in a school-based setting. This study has been conducted to identify common types of waste that are disposed in schools and quantify such waste. METHODS This study used an audit method to identify the common types of waste and quantify such waste in Da Nang city in 2021. RESULTS There were four schools with a total number of 3064 students were participated in this study. The average total volume of waste that schools discharge in a day is 460kg (accounting for 7542 litres of storage volume); in which, organic waste has the largest volume of 261kg (57% of total volume) accounting for 2262 litres (30% of total volume); non-recyclable waste weights 175kg (38% of the total volume) with a maximum volume of 4524 litres (60% of the total volume); recyclable waste has a weight of only 22kg (5% of total volume) accounting for 719 litres (10% of total volume); The remaining types of waste are insignificant. This study also showed the presence of a large number of plastic bags (2128 pieces), multi-layer packaging (2036 pieces), milk cartons (1047 boxes), straws (772 pieces), plastic bottles (670 bottles), foam boxes (531 pieces), plastic spoons (400 pieces), polypropylene plastic cups (327 pieces) in the total waste produced in one day in these schools. CONCLUSIONS Schools are emitting a large amount of waste, significantly plastic waste. Intervention programs in the school-based setting are needed to reduce the amount of waste toward ensuring health for children and protecting the environment.

ANALISIS SEGMENTASI, PENENTUAN TARGET, DAN POSISI PASAR PADA AGROINDUSTRI SENDOK-GARPU BIODEGRADABLE

A biodegradable spoon-fork is environmentally cutlery made from corncob waste. This product is a new beginning in the market to improve corncob waste value and reduce the incidence of plastic waste due to using single-use plastic spoons and forks. Biodegradable spoon-fork as a new product certainly requires an appropriate marketing strategy to accept the product in the market. Based on these problems, this study was due with the objectives of (1) analyzing the segmentation of biodegradable spoon-fork, (2) knowing the target of biodegradable spoon-fork, and (3) identifying the market position of biodegradable spoon-fork. Research data was collected by distributing online and offline questionnaires to 99 research respondents who were consumers of biodegradablespoon-fork. Data collection and analysis were collected for four months, from May to August 2021. The data was analyzed by Cluster Analysis and Biplot Analysis method. The results show three segments formed, where the selected target market is cluster two with the characteristics of respondents aged < 20 years, students/college with an expenditure level of < Rp 500,000. Biplot analysis provides positioning of the number of consumers' interest in buying biodegradable spoon-fork. Therefore cutlery is offered as an environmentally friendly product to reduce plastic cutlery waste.Keywords: biodegradable spoon-fork, positioning, segmentation, targeting

Celebrity endorsement in promoting pro-environmental behavior

This study uses a large field experiment linked to actual behavior to evaluate the effects of an information campaign with and without celebrity endorsement on the use of single-use plastics. We find that demand for single use plastics, particularly for plastic straws and spoons, is very responsive to information when — and only when — it is coupled with our celebrity endorsement. The effect of celebrity endorsement is sizeable. Subjects in the treatment with celebrity endorsement use around 29% fewer plastic straws and spoons in the shop at the end of the experiment compared with subjects in the control group. The impact of our one-shot intervention goes beyond the immediate effect measured right after the intervention. It remains significant and similar in size around one month after the intervention. Exploratory analysis suggests that an isolated information campaign affects attitudes, but not behavior, and that it is the celebrity endorsement itself that affects behavior.

METODE HIRARC DALAM UPAYA MEMPERKECIL RISIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA DAN USULAN PERBAIKAN SISTEM K3 DI CV. ABADI JAYA PRESISI

CV Abadi Jaya Presisi is a company engaged in manufacturing the manufacture of household appliances made of plastic such as wakul, plastic jar, plastic spoon and rollers. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) is a way to find out the dangers that exist in CV Abadi Jaya Presisi. The research method used is HIRARC, with data collection techniques namely observation and interviews. The results of the study found that 4 operations were in condition N/ according to the procedure and A/ outside the procedure, 1 operation was in condition E/ difficult to control. With the value obtained from the research the risk of work accidents is in a condition of medium and small risk. By controlling risks such as wearing gloves to avoid slashing hands and hot finished products, using eye protection equipment, checking cranes regularly, using a helmet to avoid hitting the head with hard objects, checking electrical installations, using ear protective equipment and masks when operating. Crusher machine, and use safety shoes when installing and removing molds. For Personal Protection equipment, it should be provided at work locations because there is a lack of Personal Protection in the work area

HANDICRAFTS MAKE DECORATIVE LAMPS FROM PLASTIC SPOONS AS A CREATIVITY EFFORT STKIP SINGKAWANG STUDENTS

<p>Decorative lights are one of the room accessories that can beautify the house. In addition to making the atmosphere of the house more cheerful, decorative lights can also be a simple solution to decorating a room without having to pay a fortune. In the modern era like today, people are increasingly creative in creating home gardens so that they become more beautiful. In the midst of society, various kinds of lamps are circulating in demand. Here, the team created a new, unique and interesting innovation, namely a decorative lamp in the shape of a lotus flower, made from an arrangement of plastic spoons attached to a used jar. This necessary material is quite easy to find and we find a lot in the environment around us because it is often used as daily necessities. There are many important factors that must be considered in order to promote this business, including choosing the right location, a good marketing strategy and determining a price that is affordable for the community. The business analysis of the handicrafts of decorative lamps from used bottles and plastic spoons includes a SWOT analysis. The team did this strategy to sell handicrafts from used jars and plastic spoons by promoting it. The budget for making handicrafts from used jars and plastic spoons is IDR 10,220,000. the schedule for the implementation of this craft for 3 months.</p>

Risk Assessment Of Working Posture And Implementation Of New Workstation To Increase Productivity

In the production process of plastic spoons, workers who run the separation process are working in a less ergonomic condition. In consequence, the production process lacks productivity because the task requires relatively longer time than it should. Utilizing Nordic Body Map analysis method, this study found that there are physical complaints among workers. More specifically, using Quick Exposure Score method, the exposure score on the separation station is at 59.09% and at 67.90% on the packaging station. Using REBA method of analysis, this research obtains REBA score at 10 on the separation station and 9 on the packaging station. Using WERA method, the last score on the separation station is at 40 and the packaging station at 33. The standard time based on the current workstations is at 127.97 seconds. Improvement is manifested by designing working tools. The implementation of the new tool results in the decrease of biomechanical complaints and exposure level at 49.38%, REBA score at 3, and WERA score at 26 on the separation, arrangement, and counting process. This research also results in WERA score at 25 during the process of inserting packing output. The total of standard time is reduced up to 62.10%.

STUDENT LEARNING OF SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS IN NORTH DEVELOPMENT RPTRA WITH USED PLASTIC PROCESSING MATERIALS INTO ART-VALUED PRODUCTS

Recycling is the process of making used materials into new materials with the aim of preventing the occurrence of waste which can actually be useful, reducing the use of new raw materials, reducing energy use, reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions when compared to the process of making new goods . In this community service activity, garbage is focused on processing used plastic waste such as used bottles and used plastic spoons. This garbage can be easily found around us, for example around the campus and in the household environment and so on. This activity is a learning assistance activity for Cultural Arts and Skills subjects, namely recycling plastic type waste. Participants are students ranging from kindergarten, elementary, junior high to high school / vocational level. This activity is intended for learning assistance especially for Arts and Skills Arts subjects, where the existence of this learning assistance program is expected to help school-age students to add insight into the arts and creation and sensitivity to their environment. The purpose of this activity is to provide learning assistance and educate students to process plastic waste which causes a lot of environmental pollution

Kajian Potensi Daur Ulang Sampah Makanan Restoran di Kota Padang

<p>The purpose of this research is to study the recycling potency of food waste from restaurants in Padang City by measuring the food waste generation and its composition. Sampling and analysis were carried out based on SNI 19-3964-1994. It was performed for eight consecutive days at fifteen different sampling locations which include restaurants, cafes, fast food, and food courts. The result of this research showed that the average generation unit of restaurant food waste in the city of Padang was 0.105 kg/cap/day in weight units or 0.955 liters/cap/day in unit volume. The total generation of restaurant food waste was 132 liters/day which consists of organic waste (food scraps, leaves, fruit skin, vegetables, eggshells, bones), plastic (plastic bottles, packaging, bags, straws, and spoons), paper (tissue, packaging paper, paper containers, cartons), and others (styrofoam, broken glass, smoked cigarette remains, cans, glass bottles). Organic waste has the largest percentage by the composition of 70.69%, and that of plastic was at 11.35%. The study further showed that the recycling potency of restaurant food waste in Padang City was made up of 7.65% paper, 51.32% plastic, 59.86% glass, 100% nonferrous metal and 91.71% organic waste. Conclusively, recycling and composting method were recommended to process the restaurant food waste.</p>

Prevalence of Nematodes in Bali Cattle in Tamarunang Village, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi

The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of the types of worms found in cow feces in the village of Tamarunang, Gowa Regency, the sampling time was taken from May to October 2017. The sampling technique used a plastic spoon, the sample was put into a plastic label, then the sample is taken to the laboratory to be examined. The results of the research conducted on 150 stool samples from 5 cows, there were 3 types of worms including Oesophagostomum sp (43.45%), Strongyloides sp (20.05%), and Bunostomum sp (36.39%). It showed that the prevalence of nematode infections in Bali cattles found in the Tamarunang village, Gowa Regency would not have a negative impact on the health of livestock, but it should be more attention for livestock managers to better maintain the cleanliness of the location

Curcumin nanoparticle doped starch thin film as a green colorimetric sensor for detection of boron

A tapioca starch film doped with curcumin nanoparticles was successfully fabricated and applied as a novel green colorimetric sensor for detection of boron in wastewater. Curcumin nanoparticles (curn, 30-90 nm) extracted from turmeric powder were used as a green probe, while tapioca starch was used as a natural support substrate. A yellow thin film (51 μm thick) fabricated on a used plastic spoon turned red-brown after immersion in boron solution (pH 9) for 15 min with excellent selectivity. The film costs only 0.0007 USD, while the cost of the sensor (curn-film on new plastic spoon) was 0.004 USD. After use the film could be completely washed from the plastic, it being biodegradable, while the used plastic spoon could be re-used to fabricate a new sensor at least 10 times. The good 1.52%RSD precision was obtained across three lots fabricated. When the curn-film was used in conjunction with digital image colorimetry (DIC), a simple and rapid quantification of boron was achieved. The green color layer in reflected light image of the red-brown product (IG) provided the highest sensitivity (64 ± 1 a.u. L mg-1) and the lowest detection limit of 0.052 ± 0.001 mg L-1. The intra-day testing (9 films) had 2.41 to 4.34%RSD, while the inter-day testing had 2.29 to 5.66%RSD (15 films, 5 days). Accuracy in terms of relative error for control samples (0.40 mg L-1) was+3.63%. Wastewater samples from Para-rubber wood processing plant were quantified by curn-film and DIC, giving 4248 ± 391 mg L-1 boron concentration with no significant difference to ICP determination at 95% confidence level. The sensors after storage in a desiccator for a year gave readings changed by only+3.5% and-2.1% relative to freshly prepared sensors.

Visual salience, not the graspable part of a pictured eating utensil, grabs attention.

Three experiments used compatible and incompatible mappings of images of eating utensils to test the hypothesis that these images activate affordances for grasping with the corresponding hand when the required response is a key-press. In Experiment 1, stimuli were photographs of a plastic spoon oriented on the horizontal axis, with the handle location varying randomly between left and right. Participants were instructed to respond to the handle or the tip, with a compatible mapping in one trial block and an incompatible mapping in another. A benefit for the compatible mapping was evident when the spoon tip was defined as relevant and a smaller cost when the handle was defined as relevant, suggesting a larger influence of the tip than the handle. In Experiment 2, the stimuli were photographs of bamboo chopsticks, for which the functional end is pointed and the graspable end is squared. East Asian participants familiar with chopsticks showed compatibility effects that did not differ significantly between the two ends. In Experiment 3, the chopstick handles were colored red to make them relatively more distinct than the tips. Both East Asian participants (Experiment 3B) and a more diverse sample (Experiment 3A) showed a benefit of the compatible mapping when the handle was defined as task relevant but not when the functional end was. Altogether, the results provide evidence that left-right location of a visually salient feature is the main factor driving these compatibility effects, rather than the automatic activation of a grasping affordance.