Plastic Screen Research Articles

Dangers and Risks of Plastic Screen Printing Work in Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province

Dangers and Risks of Plastic Screen Printing Work in Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province

Alat Pelindung Diri Sebagai Upaya Mencegah Risiko Pada Pekerja Sablon Plastik Di Desa Bolon Kecamatan Colomadu Kabupaten Karanganyar Jawa Tengah

The partner in this service is a plastic screen printing business. The number of participants in the activity was 10 screen printing workers. Lectures, discussions, and simulations carry out the method of activity. Data collection techniques through pre and post-test questionnaires conducted before and after socialization activities and simulated use of personal protective equipment. This advocacy activity is carried out on screen printing business owners, aiming to get support from screen printing business owners to participate in preventing the risk of chemical exposure to screen printing workers and screenprinting business owners welcome enthusiastically and participate in service activities. Socialization activities to measure success by conducting pretest and posttest with pretest and posttest results increased the average value according to the target, which was 51%. Workers are also given a simulation of the use of personal protective equipment in the form of a respirator so that they can apply the use of a respirator correctly. The results of assistance after the activity was carried out, all workers had used personal protective equipment in the form of respirators while working to prevent the risk of exposure to chemicals used as screen printing materials. Workers' knowledge of hazards and their control increased by 51% and workers have used personal protective equipment properly to prevent the risk of hazards that arise when working with plastic screen printing worker

DESIGN OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MANUAL SCREEN PRINTING TOOL

Screen printing is the simplest and most likely to be done manually. This printing technique is also an effective and efficient way in the development of small industries, the advantage of this screen printing business is that the capital is not too large, and also does not have to have special skills. The idea of redesigning a manual screen printing tool by combining 2 screen printing tools to get more effective and efficient results for screen printing operators. The advantages can perform precise printing results and can print several screen printing objects that before could only produce plastic screen printing only and after the addition of the design, the function of the tool will increase to be able to screen cups, cardboard, plastic bags, fabrics.

Combined Passive Heating Systems in Mediterranean, Low-Cost, Greenhouse Cucumber Crops

Greenhouse microclimate and crop response of winter cucumber cycles grown in unheated Mediterranean greenhouses with representative combinations of passive heating systems (fixed, plastic screen with and without black mulch; movable thermal screen with black mulch; and double-layer plastic covering with black mulch) were evaluated in Almería, SE Spain. In the first experiment, the black mulch in combination with a movable or fixed screen increased the marketable cucumber yield by 14%, which appears to be mostly attributable to higher substrate temperatures induced by the black mulch in the cold period. Moreover, the black mulch in combination with a fixed screen frequently led to screen water condensation. The use of a movable screen, rather than a fixed one, in combination with a black mulch increased the first-class cucumber yield in the second experiment and reduced the non-marketable one in the first experiment. This might be mainly attributable to the higher incoming shortwave radiation in the cold period. Moreover, the movable screen reduced the risk of water condensation on the screen and the crop. The cucumber in the greenhouse with the double-layer covering and black mulch, compared to that with movable screen and black mulch, received lower daily incoming shortwave radiation, particularly, during the second half of the cycle (mainly due to the formation of water condensation droplets on the lower surface of the external plastic film), which reduced crop yield. Further field research is needed to better quantify the most limiting factor for growth (substrate/soil or air temperature, radiation, or water condensation) in Mediterranean greenhouse crops.

Microplastics absent from reef fish in the Marshall Islands: Multistage screening methods reduced false positives

Island communities, like the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), depend on marine resources for food and economics, so plastic ingestion by those resources is a concern. The gastrointestinal tracts of nine species of reef fish across five trophic groups (97 fish) were examined for plastics >1 mm. Over 2100 putative plastic particles from 72 fish were identified under light microscopy. Only 115 of these from 47 fish passed a plastic screening method using Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (μFTIR) in reflectance mode. All of these were identified as natural materials in a final confirmatory analysis, attenuated total reflectance FTIR. The high false-positive rate of visual and μFTIR methods highlight the importance of using multiple polymer identification methods. Limited studies on ingested plastic in reef fish present challenging comparisons because of different methods used. No plastic >1 mm were found in the RMI reef fish, reassuring human consumers.

A comparison of psychosocial health among individuals with different levels of hearing ability during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial health among individuals with different levels of hearing ability. Design For this cross-sectional study, adults completed an online digits-in-noise test and survey. Participants were categorised into “good”, “insufficient”, or “poor” hearing groups. Survey questions included topics on depression, anxiety, distress, somatisation, and loneliness levels. Multiple logistic, linear, and negative binomial regressions examined differences in psychosocial health between hearing groups. Moderation analyses identified vulnerable subgroups. Mediation analyses examined mediating effects of pandemic measures on hearing ability and psychosocial health. Study sample Eight-hundred and sixty-five adults with or without hearing impairment. Results Individuals with poor hearing had a higher odds of having elevated anxiety levels and had higher somatisation levels compared to participants with good hearing. Chronic diseases significantly moderated the relationship between poor hearing ability and loneliness. Difficulties with communicating through facemasks, 1.5 m distance, plastic screens, and during video calls significantly mediated the relationships between hearing ability, anxiety and somatisation. Conclusions Results highlight the elevated anxiety and somatisation levels experienced among individuals with hearing impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic. More awareness is needed of the negative impact pandemic measures can have on psychosocial health during future health crises.

Ivo van Hove and Almodóvar: Remixing The Human Voice

Ivo van Hove and Almodóvar: Remixing <i>The Human Voice</i>

A comparison of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on communication among individuals with and without hearing impairment

Objective: This study assessed the impact of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) preventative measures on hearing and communication among individuals with normal and impaired hearing. We also evaluated the use of digital communication tools between these groups. Design: For this cross-sectional study, participants completed an online digits-in-noise test and survey. Survey topics included understanding through masks, behind plastic screens, from a 1.5-m distance, and use of social network sites/apps, direct messaging, and video calling. Logistic regressions assessed the odds of disagreeing versus agreeing with survey statements. Study Sample: A total of 880 adults from the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing completed a survey and hearing test. Based on speech reception threshold scores, participants were categorised into “good” (reference group for all analyses), “insufficient”, or “poor” hearing groups. Results: Those with insufficient and poor hearing had more difficulty understanding others through facemasks, plastic screens, and from 1.5 m. Those with poor hearing had a higher odds of video calling more to contact family/friends/acquaintances during the pandemic, but also had more difficulty hearing sufficiently through video calls. Conclusions: This study addresses methodological weaknesses in previous studies. Results strengthen current evidence of the burden COVID-19 measures place on individuals with hearing impairment.

Effect of Predator Exclusion on Softshell Clam (Mya arenaria L.) Recruitment

Despite estimates of very high (>99.9%) pre-settlement mortality, the extremely large numbers of eggs released into the plankton means that there are abundant post-larval softshell clams (Mya arenaria) available to settle and populate intertidal flats. Many seemingly suitable flats remain devoid of clams, presumably due to post-settlement predation. Predator exclusion/clam recruitment boxes (wooden frames covered top and bottom with a fine plastic screening) were set on a mudflat in Salem Harbor, Salem, MA from April to November 2019. Clam larvae were able to settle through the screen into the boxes but large (>1.9 mm) predators such as European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) and milky ribbon worms (Cerebratulus lacteus) were excluded. At the end of the study, four of five boxes contained between 121 and 290 juvenile softshell clams ranging in size from 7 mm to 32 mm shell length. A bimodal frequency distribution of sizes likely illustrates an early summer (June) set represented by a larger size grouping followed by a second late-summer set represented by a smaller size grouping. Small green crabs (9–46 mm carapace width) found in all five boxes must have grown from extremely small stage 1 crabs that were able to settle or crawl through the screening as recently settled individuals. Resulting empty clam shells could be paired to yield the equivalent of additional clams, making the total number per box between 147 and 417 individuals. No clams were found in samples outside of the boxes, indicating that the absence of a clam population on the mudflat is due to post-settlement predation and not pre-settlement mortality.

Effects of simple shelters on growth performance and welfare of rainbow trout juveniles

Environmental enrichment is a promising strategy to improve the welfare of fish in captivity. However, the utilization of enrichment in aquaculture is still infrequent, maybe because there is a paucity of knowledge about how its effects depend on factors such as fish species, developmental stage, social environment or the type and extent of enrichment. In this study, we evaluated the effects of physical enrichment on the welfare of rainbow trout juveniles, by exposing them to simple plastic screen shelters. Juveniles of approx. 15 g were introduced to two types of submerged shelters: full screens (Full) or partial screens (Semi), and fish welfare was assessed and compared to a control group (without shelters) by evaluating fish growth and condition, extent of external lesions, and the neuroendocrine responses to acute and repeated stress. During the eleven-week experimental period, the fish in the sheltered units gradually developed a clear shelter-seeking behavior when exposed to external disturbance. Fish growth, condition factor and mortality were not affected by shelter presence. The presence of full shelters had a modest protective effect on fin damage: both pectoral fin- and total fin damage scores were reduced (> 10%) in this group with respect to the control group; the percentage of fish with severe damage in the pectoral fin was reduced in the Full group with respect to the Control (63% vs 82%). Partial shelters had no significant effect on fin damage scores, when compared to the control group. The presence of shelters did not affect the general level of stress upon standardized acute or repeated stressors. However, fish used to the presence of shelters showed a more intense startling response when exposed to stressors that forced them to abandon the shelter protection. Altogether, this study shows potential for shelters to be used as a welfare-promoting strategy in trout farming, but further research is needed to optimize the shelter type and design and the proper timing for its application.

Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces, especially among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for &gt; 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There was no evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are effective. Conclusions: The above evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Those seeking to provide a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform their efforts.

Evaluation of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, for biological solids control in raft aquaponic systems and the protective effectiveness of root guards

AbstractThe accumulation of excess solids within the hydroponic troughs of raft aquaponic systems is considered one of the most common problems in commercial production. These solids can negatively affect water quality during decomposition. They can also impact plant health by physically coating the plant roots, reducing nutrient uptake and inducing plant diseases such as Pythium. Manual removal is labor intensive and costly. Based on their detritivorous feeding behavior, the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, may have potential as a biological control of solids. However, in a preliminary trial it was found that prawn will damage unprotected plant roots. To address this, two trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of prawn on solids accumulation within the plant beds and the effectiveness of different mechanical approaches to protect the plant roots. Both trials used six replicate recirculating raft aquaponic systems. Three systems had no prawn and three had prawn (~8 g) stocked at five prawn per trough. The plant grown was Buttercrunch Bibb lettuce (Lactuca sativa) at a density of 24 plants/m2. Plant growth in Trial 1 was statistically analyzed using a 2 × 3 factorial with the main effects of presence of prawn (none or 5/trough) and root protection device (none, plastic screen, or cloth netting). Water quality and solids data were compared in systems with prawn and without prawn using a two sample t test. Trial 1 lasted 32 days. Trial 2 used a plastic mesh “false bottom” to exclude prawn from access to the plants over the entire beds. Trial 2 used six systems all with the false bottoms in place. The comparison of three systems with prawn and three systems without prawn and was conducted over two plant production cycles of 4 weeks each. All data was analyzed using a two sample t test. In Trial 1, the presence of prawn produced a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction of settled solid wastes within the troughs, but plant growth was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.01) in beds stocked with prawn regardless of root protection device. In Trial 2, the presence of prawn again produced a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction of settled solid waste within the troughs. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in average plant weight with this root protection device in systems with or without prawn. This research demonstrates that freshwater prawn can reduce solid waste buildup in aquaponic plant beds, but that effective root protection is essential to maintain efficient plant production.

Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no "safe" distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls-ventilation (while monitoring CO 2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There is evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are ineffective. Conclusions: The above six evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Staff and students seeking to negotiate a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO 2 levels, room occupancy) to inform conversations.

Anomalous elasticity and plastic screening in amorphous solids.

Amorphous solids appear to react elastically to small external strains, but in contrast to ideal elastic media, plastic responses abound immediately at any value of the strain. Such plastic responses are quasilocalized in nature, with the "cheapest" one being a quadrupolar source. The existence of such plastic responses results in screened elasticity in which strains and stresses can either quantitatively or qualitatively differ from the unscreened theory, depending on the specific screening mechanism. Here we offer a theory of such screening effects by plastic quadrupoles, dipoles, and monopoles, explain their natural appearance, and point out the analogy to electrostatic screening by electric charges and dipoles. For low density of quadrupoles the effect is to normalize the elastic moduli without a qualitative change compared to pure elasticity theory; for higher density of quadrupoles the screening effects result in qualitative changes. Predictions for the spatial dependence of displacement fields caused by local sources of strains are provided and compared to numerical simulations. We find that anomalous elasticity is richer than electrostatics in having a screening mode that does not appear in the electrostatic analog.

The effect of screen materials on the microclimate and growth of chili pepper plant

Climate change often causes failure in cultivation. So, microclimate modification is needed. One of which is to use the screen to ensure the cultivation of chili pepper plants. The purposes of this study were to understand the effect of several types of screen materials on the growth of the chili pepper plant and to determine the best screen material for chili pepper plant cultivation. This study consisted of four treatments; there is no screen (NO), UV plastic screen with 0.6 mm (UV) of thickness, shading net with 50% shade factor (SN), and the combination of UV and SN. The results indicated the lowest intensity of sunlight and temperature occurs in the microclimate was using a combination of UV and SN screens. The highest growth, the largest number of leaves, and the earliest flowering age was using SN treatment with 30.65 cm, 39.88 leaves, and 36 days, respectively. In Summary, the treatment of shading net showed the best material for chili pepper plant cultivation compared to UV plastic and the combination of UV plastic and shading net.

Plastic Screen Versus Aerosol Box as a Barrier During Endotracheal Intubation

Abstract Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-2019 pandemic has posed significant challenges and barrier devices such as aerosol/intubation box, intubation tent, and intubation screen have been widely used during endotracheal intubation by the clinicians without any definite proven benefit. The initial experience at our institute with the intubation box posed some difficulties leading to failed intubations. Hence, as an alternative, we switched to a transparent plastic intubation screen that is likely to provide better vision and space during intubation. We evaluated the impact of intubation box and plastic screen on intubations in this simulation-based crossover study. Materials and Methods: Ten anesthesiologists performed 90 intubations in an operating room on a Laerdal® adult airway management trainer. Each participant performed 9 intubations, 3 without any barrier and 3 each with intubation box and plastic screen. The primary outcome was intubation time; secondary outcomes included first-pass success and breaches to personal protective equipment. Results: Intubation time with no barrier was significantly shorter than with the intubation box (median interquartile range [IQR]: 25 [22–28] vs. 40 [30–51] s, P &lt; 0.001) and with the screen (median [IQR] 29 [25–35] s, P = 0.015). The intubation time was significantly lesser with the screen compared to the box (P = 0.023). The first-pass success was 86.66%, 96.66%, and 100% in the box, screen, and no barrier groups, respectively. Conclusion: In comparison to an intubation box, the transparent plastic screen decreases intubation times and has greater operator comfort. These devices require further evaluation for patient safety.

Double clear plastic screens to minimize droplet spread and aerosolization at extubation in COVID-19 patient

The droplets of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be transmitted during aerosol-generating procedures involving tracheal intubation.1 Anesthesiologists are exposed to a higher risk than other specialty healthcare workers because they manage the airway and ventilation.2 Extubation is as high a risk for aerosolization of respiratory secretions as is intubation. Additional barriers have been described for intubation like using intubation box or clear plastic drapes but limited options have been explored for extubation.3 Some experts suggest placing wet gauze over the patient’s mouth and nose just prior to extubation if the patient starts to cough, and/or covering the patient's face with a clear plastic drape.4

Double clear plastic screens to minimize droplet spread and aerosolization at extubation in COVID-19 patient

The droplets of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be transmitted during aerosol-generating procedures involving tracheal intubation.1 Anesthesiologists are exposed to a higher risk than other specialty healthcare workers because they manage the airway and ventilation.2 Extubation is as high a risk for aerosolization of respiratory secretions as is intubation. Additional barriers have been described for intubation like using intubation box or clear plastic drapes but limited options have been explored for extubation.3 Some experts suggest placing wet gauze over the patient’s mouth and nose just prior to extubation if the patient starts to cough, and/or covering the patient's face with a clear plastic drape.4&#x0D; Recently, a confirmed COVID-19 patient came for appendectomy in which we have used an alternative approach to protect against aerosolized droplets during extubation. Before induction of anesthesia, we put a large clear plastic sheet (120 x 200 cm), which is routinely used in pediatric surgery. The screen is adjusted in height and width with two infusion poles (drip stands) to the head end. We intubated with a videolaryngoscope, making sure that the plastic screen acted as a barrier between us and the patient.

Surfaces and equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the emergency department at a university hospital.

ObjectivesEnvironmental contamination by patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through respiratory droplets suggests that surfaces and equipment could be a medium of transmission. We aimed to assess the surface and equipment contamination by SARS-COV-2 of an emergency department (ED) during the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.MethodsWe performed multiple samples from different sites in ED patients care and non-patient care areas with sterile premoistened swabs and used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA). We also sampled the personal protective equipment (PPE) from health care workers (HCWs).ResultsAmong the 192 total samples, 10 (5.2%) were positive. In patient care areas, 5/46 (10.9%) of the surfaces directly in contact with COVID-19 patients revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 4/56 (7.1%) of the surfaces that were not directly in contact with COVID-19 patients were positive. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present only in the patients’ examination and monitoring rooms. Before decontamination SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present on the saturation clip, the scuff for blood pressure measurement, the stretcher, the plastic screens between patients and the floor. After decontamination, SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained on the scuff, the stretcher and the trolleys. All samples from non-patient care areas or staff working rooms were negative. Only one sample from the PPE of the HCWs was positive.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that surfaces and equipment contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an ED during the COVID-19 outbreak is low and concerns exclusively patients’ examination and monitoring rooms, preserving non-patient care areas.

Control Effects of Pretensioned Partially Encapsulated Resin Bolting with Mesh Systems on Extremely Soft Coal Gateways: a Large-Scale Experimental Study

Pretensioned partially encapsulated resin bolting with mesh systems (PPERBMSs) are commonly employed in underground mines, particularly for soft coal gateways requiring immediate support. However, the behavior of bolts and reinforced coals has not been explained, and supporting schemes are determined by engineering analogy and experience. Herein, two large-scale physical models of extremely soft coal gateway sidewalls, reinforced with traditional and improved PPERBMSs, were constructed to probe the performance of pretensioned bolts and the deformation evolution of reinforced coal during roadway driving and panel extraction. Results reveal the bolting effect distribution characteristics of traditional PPERBMS. The mechanism and mode of bolts-mesh-surrounding coal system (BMSCS) instability were analyzed. The control effects of the two supporting schemes were compared, and stability-controlling principles for extremely soft coal roadways were proposed. High bolt pretension force and mesh stiffness are found to be important for improving the bearing capability of BMSCS, especially for reducing the extent of squeezing deformation and severe failure zones in shallow coals. The control method of “high-pretension-force bolts + fine mesh steel–plastic or rhombic screen + high-stiffness welded wire mesh + long bolt/cable for compensating reinforcement at key parts” is proposed to promote the formation of a supporting force interaction zone within surface and shallow coals, reduce the weakly reinforced region causing BMSCS structural instability, and improve the stability and bearing capability of the interaction zone in the bolt anchorage section. These findings are helpful for understanding the bolting effect of PPERBMSs and could provide guidelines for bolting design in soft coal roadways.