Plasma Total Antioxidant Status Research Articles

The effect of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in young and old horses.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in recreational horses. The study involved 10 horses divided into two groups of young (aged 5 to 7 years) and old (aged 14 to 19 years) individuals. All animals participated in light therapy sessions every other day. Blood was sampled three times during the study: before the treatment, after five light sessions, and after ten light sessions. Morphological parameters, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, TAS values, and the levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamin D3, vitamin C, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the whole blood. Light therapy contributed to an increase in MCV, HDW, MCVr, CHr and MPV indices, and simultaneously a decrease in the basophil counts, MCHC, RDW and CHCMr indices in both groups of horses (p ≤ 0.05). At the same time reticulocytes fell in older whereas white blood cells and monocytes counts expanded in younger individuals. The treatment also increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young but decreased the activity of mentioned enzymes in blood plasma of old horses. The total antioxidant status (TAS) of the blood plasma rose progressively, whereas GSH levels declined in all individuals. Moreover, vitamin D3 levels did not change, whereas vitamin C levels gradually decreased during the experiment. The therapy also helped to reduce levels of MDA in the blood plasma, especially of older horses (p ≤ 0.05). In turn, GPx and GR activities as well as MDA levels significantly declined, whereas GSH levels notably elevated in erythrocytes (p ≤ 0.05). Solarium light therapy appears to have a beneficial impact on the morphological parameters and antioxidant status of blood in recreational horses in the winter season. However, the observed results could in part be attributed to the natural physiological adaptation of each individual organism to the treatment.

Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress among prepubertal children with obesity.

Gender-related differences in oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined in a cross-sectional study involving 313 prepubertal children (8-9 years old) from the generation XXI birth-cohort. Anthropometric measurements, cardiometabolic variables, and redox markers were assessed, including plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOX, U-NOX), and urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2). Girls showed higher levels of total/non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to boys. Notably, U-H2O2 values were lower in girls. When stratifying by body mass index (BMI) and gender, both girls and boys exhibited higher MPO concentration and U-Isop values. Uric acid concentration was higher in overweight and obese girls than in normal weight girls, while no significant differences were observed among boys across BMI categories. Furthermore, U-NOX values differed only in boys, with higher levels observed in overweight and obese individuals compared to those with normal weight. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and BMI z-score, demonstrated inverse associations between U-H2O2 and pulse wave velocity values, as well as between U-NOX and total or non-HDL cholesterol, exclusively in boys. In girls, a positive association between U-Isop and HOMA-IR values was observed. In conclusion, gender differentially impacts oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children. Prepubertal girls appear more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced metabolic dysfunction, while in boys, elevated levels of redox and nitric oxide bioavailability markers seem to provide protection against arterial stiffness and lipid homeostasis.

Studying the impacts of maternal B complex vitamin injection on performance, metabolic diseases, hematological parameters, and antioxidant status in pregnant Sannen goats and their newborn kids during the transition period

B vitamins improve animal performance through promote a wide range of metabolic pathways in animals as cofactors. Therefore, the impact of B-complex vitamin injection on performance, metabolic diseases, hematological parameters, and antioxidant status in pregnant Sannen goats and their newborn kids during the transition period was investigated. The pregnant goats (3 years old) were randomly divided into two groups: control (No B complex vitamins injection) and B complex vitamins (5 ml B complex vitamins injection per animal). B complex vitamins were injected twice intramuscularly into goats, according to the manufacturer's recommendation, during five- and three-weeks prior kidding. To determine the dry matter intake, feed samples were prepared. Also, metabolic diseases in goats and their offspring were recorded during the study. Blood samples of goats and newborn kids were taken seven days after parturition and measured for B vitamins concentrations, as well as hematological and antioxidant parameters. According to the results, the performance (body weight and dry matter intake) of goats and kids improved in B-complex vitamins group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, metabolic diseases were reduced in the goats and their offspring treated with B complex vitamins compared to the control group during the transition period (P < 0.05). The levels of cobalamin, pyridoxine, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic, pantothenic, and unconjugated pteridine increased in the plasma of goats and their children by maternal B complex injection than in the control group during the transition period (P < 0.05). Higher (P < 0.05) levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in goats' plasma, as well as red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in kids' plasma treated with B complex vitamins than the control group, were observed (P < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal Bcomplex vitamin injection is required for the improvement of performance, hematological status, and antioxidant status in pregnant goats and their kids.

Changes in blood oxidative stress biomarker and cholinesterase activity after general vs spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean sections

Background &amp; Objective: There is an increased ratio of cesarean sections (CS) compared to normal deliveries the world over. Both general and regional anesthetic techniques are in practice for CS. Limited information is available on the determination of blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity in conjunction with oxidative stress biomarkers after the CS. The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the plasma and erythrocyte ChE activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant status in pregnant women before anesthesia and after the use of general anesthesia (GA) or spinal anesthesia (SA) for elective CS.&#x0D; Methodology: A pre-post study was conducted on 102 full-term pregnant women, who underwent elective CS in four hospitals at Duhok (Iraq) from January 2022 to July 2022. GA with propofol and SA with bupivacaine 0.5% were administered to 52 and 50 women, respectively. Maternal blood samples before anesthesia and after the completion of operation were assayed for the ChE activity in the plasma and erythrocytes, and plasma oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status.&#x0D; Results: Plasma ChE activity significantly decreased in the GA and SA groups after the cesarean-deliveries compared to the corresponding pre-anesthetic values. The plasma MDA level in both GA and SA groups, but not the total antioxidant status, was significantly reduced. Estimation of the odds ratio and the relative risk indicated that a risk factor is associated with the reduced plasma ChE activity in women after the CS when the general anesthetic propofol is used.&#x0D; Conclusion: Both general anesthesia with propofol and spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine inhibited plasma cholinesterase activity and reduced oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde after the cesarean sections.&#x0D; Abbreviations: CS - Cesarean section; ChE: Cholinesterase; EChE: Erythrocyte Cholinesterase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; OS: Oxidative Stress; PChE: Plasma ChE; TAS: Total Antioxidant Status.&#x0D; Key words: Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean section; General anesthesia; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative stress&#x0D; Citation: Karam RS, Mohammad FK. Changes in blood oxidative stress biomarker and cholinesterase activity after general vs spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean sections. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(3):396−404; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i3.2244&#x0D; Received: March 23, 2023; Reviewed: May 06, 2023; Accepted: May 09, 2023

Effects of functional poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers modified with sericin-capped silver nanoparticles on histopathological changes in parenchymal organs and oxidative stress in a rat burn wound model

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of a poly(ethylene terephthalate)-g-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PET-g-HEMA) nanofiber wound dressing modified with sericin-coated silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) on internal organs, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters. To establish a burn model, the backs of anesthetized rats were shaved and then third-degree burns were created with a round-bottomed stainless steel rod 2 cm in diameter kept in 100 °C water for 20 seconds. The wounds of the negative control group (G1) were covered with standard bandages; the wounds of the positive control group (G2) were covered with silvercel, used as burn wound material; and the wounds of the experimental group (G3) were covered with PET-based dressing material. Histopathological changes in organs (liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, lungs), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), nitric oxide (NO), and biochemical parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], total protein, albumin, globulin, urea) were examined. Compared with the G1 group, plasma AST, ALT, and GGT levels were found to be significantly decreased in G2 and G3 (P&amp;lt;0.001). Plasma TAS was found to be significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1 (P&amp;lt;0.05). Compared to the G1 group, degenerative and necrotic changes in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were found to be significantly reduced in G2 and G3 (P&amp;lt;0.05). In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the synthesized PET-based wound dressing material has the capacity to be used commercially.

Oxidative Stress Levels and Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Balance in Preterm Newborns with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress (OS) levels and dynamic thiol-disulfide balance in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This prospective study included newborns separated into 2 groups, those with BPD (case) or without BPD (control). The 2 groups were compared by clinical and laboratory findings. The OS parameters total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), OS index (OSI), native thiol (NT), and total thiol were measured within the first day after birth. Oxygen requirements were measured using the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) recorded in the first hour after birth/admission and the average FIO2 within 28days of the birth. Infants diagnosed with BPD had a significantly lower gestational age and birth weight and a lower 5-min Apgar score (P<.05). Infants with BPD also had a higher rate of respiratory distress syndrome, rate of use of surfactant therapy, duration of ventilation therapy, and duration of hospital stay compared with control (P=.001, P=.001, P=.001, andP=.001, respectively). Plasma TAS and NT levels of newborns with BPD were significantly lower than newborns without BPD (P<.05). In the BPD group, plasma TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher than in the control group. We found that OS was increased in newborns with BPD. The clinical significance of this study will provide the clinician with a different perspective on BPD by determining the dynamic thiol disulfide balance.

The probable radioprotective role of Acacia nilotica L. against biochemical and cytogenetic disorders induced in gamma irradiated male rats

Gum Arabic (Acacia nilotica L.) is a respected plant that has many nutrients and curative practices. It hinders, improves, or manages many disorders. The radio-protective activity of Acacia nilotica was investigated against γ-rays-induced testicle damage in rats. Twenty-four rats were correspondingly distributed into 4 groups; control, Acacia nilotica (15mg/kg, daily for 30 days), γ-irradiated (5Gy γ-rays, single dose) and Acacia nilotica plus γ-rays treated groups. The plasma testosterone and total antioxidant status (TAS) were estimated. Lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), also glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were determined in the testicle tissues. A testis weight, sperm count and motility, peripheral-blood and bone-marrow micronuclei (PMN and BMN), and frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were scored. A significant decline in the levels of plasma testosterone with TAS observed in the γ-irradiated rats. The results also showed significantly increased levels of testicle MDA, inflammatory markers, PMN, BMN and CAs frequencies and decrease in testes weight, sperm count and motility and levels of testicle antioxidants markers in gamma irradiated group. All these biochemical and fertility indices results were significantly enhanced in the Acacia nilotica plus γ-rays treated groups. However, the possible alleviate activity of Acacia nilotica on γ-rays-induced testicle injury in rats has not previously conversed, and this is the topic of this study.

Blood cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress status among farmworkers using pesticides in Duhok, KRG, Iraq

Background: The use of pesticides by farmworkers poses considerable health risks. This study was undertaken to examine plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities, plasma oxidative biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status (TAS) among farmworkers using different pesticide products in Duhok, northern of Iraq. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted between November 2021 to July 2022 on 92 male farmworkers who were exposed to pesticides in comparison with 44 non-exposed male subjects (control). The availability and uses of pesticides were obtained from 19 agrochemical shops and the farmworkers exposed to pesticides. Demographic data of pesticide-exposed farmworkers and their practice of pesticide applications were recorded. Plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities and plasma MDA and TAS levels were determined in both groups. Results: The farmworkers had a significant 10.0% increase in plasma MDA level, with no significant changes in blood cholinesterase activities or the TAS level. Odds and risk ratios of reduced plasma cholinesterase activity (20.0%) suggested an association of health risks in pesticide-exposed farmworkers. Most of the pesticide products (278) in use were insecticides (47.0%), which comprised mainly 26.0% pyrethroids and 3.0-7.0% anticholinesterase insecticides, among others. The majority of the farmworkers (51%) were merely aware of the general target use of the pesticide, and 75% had an exposure history of &gt; 5 years. Pesticide application was mostly (50.0%) manual, and 54.0% used insufficient personal protection equipment; 32.0% ate and drank at work, 48.0% practiced disposal of empty pesticide containers by burning and/or burying them, whereas 25.0% dumped the containers indiscriminately, and 25% disposed them at garbage sites openly. Conclusion: The farmworkers, with only a marginal increase in oxidative stress biomarker MDA, did not suffer from significant reductions in blood cholinesterase activities, although odds and risk ratios of reduced plasma cholinesterase activity suggested a health risk. Implementation of a national program is needed to measure pre-exposure blood cholinesterase activities in farmworkers.

Effects of Lactobacillus fermented plant products on dairy cow health, production, and environmental impact

During the onset of lactation, dairy cows experience increases in metabolic demands causing an increase in metabolic and oxidative stress that may result in disorders and reduced milk production. Dairy cows also represent a source of negative environmental impacts. Accordingly, natural products which alleviate these stresses and sources of environmental pollutants would be beneficial. The objective of this experiment was to determine how commercial products Lactobacillus fermented seaweed (Ecklonia radiata) (SWO; Animal Health Tonic; AgriSea Ltd.; Paeroa, NZ) and Lactobacillus fermented seaweed plus terrestrial plants (SWP; Fortress+; Agrisea Ltd.; Paeroa, NZ) influence dairy cow oxidative stress, environmental impacts, and production. Pregnant multiparous Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross dairy cows (n = 27; body weight = 488.8 ± 47.6, mean ± SD) received daily oral doses of water (CON), SWO, or SWP. During the prepartum period (i.e., last third of gestation) the cows received 5-mL of their respective treatments once daily and this dose was increased to 100-mL per cow per d following calving. Ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected on d 0, 38, and 80 and blood samples were again collected 3 days after calving. Total volatile fatty acids concentrations in ruminal fluid were 26% greater (P = 0.05) in animals administered SWP compared with CON during the prepartum period. The CON cows had greater (P < 0.05) whole blood glutathione peroxidase activity than cows on SWP and SWO at all-time points following treatment application. After 80-d of administering the treatments and 3-d post calving, SWO and SWP had greater (P < 0.05) total antioxidant status of plasma (marker of ability to reduce oxidants). Three days after calving, the SWO and SWP cows had less (P < 0.05) plasma non esterified fatty acid concentrations and urea nitrogen than CON cows. Further, the SWP treatment had the lowest concentration of milk urea N and was less (P < 0.05) than CON. Accordingly, the calculated daily urinary N excretion of SWP was 18.0% lower (P < 0.05) than CON and SWO had a tendency (P = 0.07) to have 14.7% lower urinary N excretion than CON. Collectively, these results highlight the ability for these Lactobacillus fermented plant products to reduce oxidative stress during the onset of lactation in dairy cows and to reduce environmental impacts. This experiment provides important information for the improvement in periparturient dairy cows’ health and environmental impacts, which have economically important implications.

Effect of sorghum and barley-containing bread on plasma total polyphenols, antioxidant status and inflammation in healthy subjects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bread incorporated with whole-grain red sorghum and barley flours on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in humans. In a randomized cross-over study, 20 healthy subjects consumed either control bread madeof all-purpose wheat flour only or bread containing 40% whole-grain red sorghum and barley flours (20% each), with a washout period of 1-2week. The test breads were fed at breakfast after 12h fast. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasting) and 2h after intake of breads. Plasma total polyphenols, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)and highly sensitive C-reactive protein were assessed. Compared to fasting values, the 2h postprandial levels of plasma total polyphenols (P = 0.001), T-AOC (P = 0.031) and SOD activity (P = 0.026) were significantly higher following consumption of sorghum and barley-containing bread (SBB). Moreover, net changes in plasma totalpolyphenols (P = 0.001), T-AOC (P = 0.047) and SOD activity (P = 0.035) were significantly higher following consumption of SBB. In conclusion, bread containing whole-grain red sorghum and barely flours enhanced plasmatotal polyphenols and antioxidant status and hence its consumption would modulate biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health.

Effect of Acacia Honey Drink Consumed Pre and During Exercise on Glucose Metabolism, Total Antioxidant Status, and Running Performance in the Heat

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of Acacia honey drink on glucose metabolism, plasma total antioxidant status, selected physiological parameters and time trial running performance in the heat compared to a commercially-available sports drink. Materials and methods: Ten participants completed two endurance running trials in the heat with either honey drink (H) or sports drink (SPD) ingestion. Honey drink or sports drink was ingested one hour prior to the experimental trials. Participants warmed up for 5 min by running at 50% of their respective VO2max, and subsequently ran at 60% of their respective VO2max for 1hour. This was immediately followed by a 20 min time trial running performance. Participants drank 3 mL.kg body weight-1 of cool honey or sports drink every 20 min during the trials. Blood samples were collected for subsequent biochemical analysis. Results: Plasma glucose, insulin, cortisol, total antioxidant status and running performance were not statistically different between H and SPD trials. These findings indicated that Acacia honey drink and sports drink ingested before and during exercise elicited similar effects on glucose metabolism and endurance running performance. Conclusion: Acacia honey has potential to be used as an alternative ergogenic aid for athletes who train and compete in a hot and humid environment.

P1536: ERYTHROCYTES’ OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS AND Β-THALASSEMIA MINOR – A SMALL NUMBER CASE STUDY

Background: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and β-thalassemia (β-tal) are both associated with oxidative stress, despite their different etiologies. The pathologic red blood cells (RBC) are metabolically stressed to maintain cell integrity, accumulating oxidative stress-induced damage within the cells. To counteract the oxidative modifications, the RBC are equipped with an efficient antioxidant system, which includes several enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and some non-enzymatic antioxidants, namely ascorbic acid (AA). In a previous work (DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.084) we hypothesized that AA could be an important player in the RBC antioxidant defense in patients with non-immune hemolytic anemias (NIHAs) and that its mobilization from plasma to the RBC’s cytosol could be an adaptive mechanism to face erythrocyte’s oxidative stress, in these patients. Aims: Our aim was to test that hypothesis, by studying the redox status and antioxidant system of RBC from non-splenectomized patients with HS and β-tal minor separately. Methods: In 13 healthy individuals (control group), 14 non-splenectomized patients with HS and 11 patients with β-tal minor, we evaluated the total antioxidant status (TAS), AA levels and CAT activity in both plasma and RBC’s cytosol by spectroscopy methods. Results: When compared with the control group, both HS and β-tal patients presented statistically significant increased AA levels and lower TAS values in RBC. CAT activity showed similar values in RBC from HS, β-tal and control group. No differences were found for TAS and AA levels in plasma among all groups. We observed significant negative correlations between RBC AA with plasma AA in both HS (r= -0.741, p=0.002) and β-tal (r= -0.742, p= 0.009), not observed in the control group. Additionally, RBC TAS was positively correlated with RBC AA in HS (r=0.534, p=0.049) and RBC TAS was positively correlated with RBC CAT activity in β-tal (r= 0.743, p=0.009). Summary/Conclusion: The finding of a significant increase in RBC AA levels and the significant lower RBC TAS values alongside with a significant negative correlation between RBC AA and plasma AA levels in both HS and β-tal, support the hypothesis that AA may play an important role in the erythrocyte’s adaptive response to oxidative stress and, thereby, in its antioxidant defense system. We speculate that the mobilization of AA from plasma to the RBC is an adaptive mechanism to oxidative stress that occurs in both HS and β-tal. Moreover, the RBC TAS appears to result from different antioxidant responses, as shown by the significant positive correlations found between RBC TAS and RBC AA levels or RBC TAS and RBC Cat activity for HS and β-tal, respectively. These findings might be related to the distinct etiology of the studied anemias. Further studies are needed to better explore about the role of other players in the antioxidant response, not only in HS and β-tal, but also in other oxidative stress associated congenital anemias. Acknowledgments: Financial support from FCT/MCTES through national funds to Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB). and Daniela Melo’s PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/139622/2018).

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing total antioxidant status.

To evaluate the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed as a tool for assessing antioxidant intake and to investigate whether dietary total antioxidant status predicted plasma antioxidant status. This research was conducted at Sağlık Bilimleri University Faculty of Medicine Immunology. Dietary intake of total antioxidants was assessed using an FFQ (82 food items), which was adopted from Satia etal. and translated into Turkish. Total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in overnight-fasting blood. The validation of the questionnaire against plasma TAS was examined using Spearman's correlation test, Bland-Altman plots, and kappa statistics. The mean age of the 45 study participants (19 women and 26 men) was 45.9±11.0 years. The mean plasma TAS level was 13.8±6.1mg/L, and the mean intake of total antioxidants was 114.0±134.6mg/day. There was a positive correlation between plasma TAS and the intake of total antioxidants calculated using the FFQ (r=0.73; p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.949. The FFQ adapted to the Turkish population and tested here was a good predictor for dietary intake of total antioxidant status.

Effect of Tinospora cordifolia as phytogenic feed additive on performance parameters of sahiwal heifers

Tinospora cordifolia stem powder (TCSP) is well known for its hepatoprotective, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties and it could be used as a phytogenic feed additive to enhance the production and health response of ruminants. The study was conducted to determine the effects of TCSP supplementation on growth, blood biochemicals, immunity, antioxidant and endocrine parameters of growing Sahiwal heifers. Eighteen growing Sahiwal heifers were randomly allocated into three groups on body weight and age basis. Feeding regimen was similar in all the groups except that treatment groups were supplemented with 0.0 (CON), 0.5 (T1), and 1.0 (T2) percent of dry matter intake (DMI), TCSP in three respective groups, for 90 days period. Dietary supplementation of TCSP at different levels did not show any significant (P>0.05) effect on DMI, average daily gain, and feed conversion efficiency of growing heifers. Total cholesterol and triglycerides level were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the T2 group. SOD was significantly higher (P<0.001) whereas, LPO decreased linearly (P<0.05) in T2 group. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) also increased linearly (P<0.05) in T2 group. IgG levels increased linearly (P<0.001) in the T2 group; however, total Ig was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment groups. No effect on the concentration of plasma IGF-1, T3 and T4 was reported. Hence, TCSP at a 1.0% level of inclusion could be used as a phytogenic feed additive to boost the health status in terms of improved immunity and antioxidant response in Sahiwal heifers.

Effects of maternal dietary selenium sources on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status and the immune response of broiler progeny

Context Selenium is an important trace mineral and plays an important role in protection against oxidative stress and improving productivity of poultry. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different maternal selenium sources on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune responses, and meat quality of broiler offspring. Methods In total, 600 female and 180 male 50-week-old Ross-308 broiler breeder birds were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates, each having 30 females and nine males. The birds were given 2-week adaptation followed by 7-weeks of feeding of one of four experimental diets. In one dietary treatment, birds were fed a basal corn–soybean-based diet supplemented with inorganic selenium (sodium selenite, SS), while in the other three dietary treatments, birds were given either of the following organic selenium sources: selenium enriched yeast (SY), hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-Se-Met) or l-selenomethionine (l-Se-Met), each included at the rate of 0.3 mg/kg in their experimental diets. During the 7th week of experiment, 350 eggs were collected from each dietary treatment. After incubation, 250 healthy chicks per parental dietary treatment were divided into five replicates with 50 birds each. Offspring from all parental dietary treatments were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg of selenium from inorganic source during the starter (1–21 days) and finisher (22–35 days) phases. Key results Maternal selenium sources had no effect on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient efficiency, carcass parameters, and antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus in broiler offspring. Drip loss and oxidative stability of breast meat, plasma total antioxidant and glutathione peroxidase status were improved in the offspring at Day 21, by inclusion of organic selenium in parent broiler breeders’ diet; however, these parameters were not affected at Day 35. Conclusions Maternal dietary organic selenium improved antioxidant status and meat quality in broiler offspring at the end of starter phase; however, dietary maternal selenium sources had no effect on productivity, immune responses, and carcass traits in broiler offspring. Implications This may provide consideration for more effective sources of selenium for improving meat quality of poultry birds especially in early stage of grow-out period.

Male Infertility: Pathogenetic Significance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence (Review)

The basis of the pathogenesis of male infertility is the processes of peroxide oxidation of biological substrates, especially lipids and proteins. By destroying the sperm membrane, toxic peroxidation products reduce its motility and ability to fertilize the egg, which is determined by a decrease in the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. These changes lead to complete or partial male infertility. The authors of the review found that is accompanied by a damaging effect on the structural and functional activity of the gonads and is manifested, in particular, by an imbalance in the hormonal background of the male body. Similar effects are characteristic of an increase in the content of reactive Nitrogen species and its metabolites, which cause nitrosative stress, which is also the cause of male hypofertility and is inseparable from the state of oxidative stress. In scientific work it is determined that the accumulation of harmful peroxidation products leads to damage and destruction of sperm DNA, reduced activity of acrosomal enzymes and mitochondrial potential of sperm, reduced overall antioxidant activity. This makes it impossible for an adequate response of the body. Multi component antioxidant defense system resists stress. It is represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic links, which can neutralize harmful radicals and peroxidation products. It contributes to the full manifestation of reproductive function. The presence of powerful antioxidant properties of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and enzymes of the thiol-disulfide system, which form the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection, as well as selenium, zinc, copper, other trace elements, retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and vitamins as parts of the non-enzymatic system is shown. The efficiency of registration is substantiated thin biochemical shift detectors or complex methods, such as total antioxidant status of sperm or sperm plasma, mitochondrial membrane potential, etc along with simple markers of oxidative stress, such as diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and metabolites of the Nitrogen Oxide cycle. Given the leading role of oxidative stress in the development of male hypofertility, the prospect of further research is the search for modern means for correction, especially among substances with pronounced redox activity

Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey

The water quality of rivers located in areas close to major cities is deteriorating significantly due to increased pollution. The Karasu River, which passes through Erzurum city Turkey, is getting polluted day by day due to domestic and industrial wastewater. In the study, various assessments were made in three different fish species to determine the impact of possible contamination here. Capoeta capoeta, Alburnus mossulensis and Squalius cephalus were caught from four stations of the river. Micronucleus test was applied to find out genotoxic alterations, and plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured to determine oxidative effects. Histological changes in fish brain were also assessed by histopathological alterations index (HAI). The highest serum TOS levels and the lowest TAS levels were detected in fish species inhabiting polluted stations. A high erythrocytic nuclear abnormality frequency and HAI values were observed in all species from the Aşkale stations. The abnormalities observed in the peripheral blood cells were micronucleus, binucleus, kidney-shaped nucleus, notched nucleus, lobed nucleus and bud nucleus. Histological damages like dilatation, congestion, vacuolization in Purkinje layer, infiltration, hyperemia, degenerations, and axonopathy were noticed in all fish brains. It was determined that histopathological changes were more common in fish species inhabiting the polluted stations. S. cephalus showed to be more sensitive to the pollution. The most important result obtained from this study is that the pollution in the river adversely affects the fish species found in the natural fauna of the river. Histopathological abnormalities, genotoxicity and increased oxidative stress detected in fish are the most important indicators of this situation.

The Influence of Oxidative Stress on Neurological Outcomes in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes, besides the primary brain injury, a secondary brain injury (SBI), which is induced, amongst other things, by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, determining the patient’s outcome. This study aims to assess the impact of OS in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on clinical outcomes in patients with ICH. A total of 19 ICH (volume > 30 cc) patients and 29 control patients were included. From day one until seven, blood and CSF samples were obtained, and ICH volume was calculated. OS markers, like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-sulfhydryl (GSH), and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured. Clinical data on treatment and outcome were determined. Patients with mRS ≤ 4 showed significantly elevated SOD and GSH-Px levels in plasma compared to patients with poor CO (p = 0.004; p = 0.002). Initial increased TAS in plasma and increased MDA in CSF were linked to an unfavorable outcome after six months (p = 0.06, r = 0.45; p = 0.05, r = 0.44). A higher ICH volume was associated with a worse outcome at week six (p = 0.04, r = 0.47). OS plays a significant role in SBI. Larger ICHs, elevated MDA in CSF, and TAS in plasma were associated with a detrimental outcome, whereas higher plasma-SOD and -GSH-Px were associated with a favorable outcome.

Oxidative Stress Risk Is Increased with a Sedentary Lifestyle during Aging in Mexican Women.

Oxidative stress (OS) increases during the human aging process, and the sedentary lifestyle could be a prooxidant factor. In this study, we determine the effect of sedentary lifestyle on OS during the aging process in Mexican women. A longitudinal study of two-year follow-up was carried out with 177 community-dwelling women (40-69 y) from Mexico City. We measured as OS markers plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), total plasma antioxidant status, uric acid level, antioxidant gap, and SOD/GPx ratio. To define OS using all the markers, we defined cut-off values of each parameter based on the 90th percentile of young healthy subjects and, we calculated a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7, which represented the intensity of the marker modifications. All the women answered a structured questionnaire about prooxidant factors, including physical activity specially the type of activity, frequency, and duration, and they answered Spanish versions of self-assessment tests for establishing dysthymia and insomnia as potential confounders. Principal component and Poisson regression analysis were used as statistical tools, being two-year OS the primary outcome. The OS was considerate as SS ≥ 4 and sedentary lifestyle as <30 min/day of physical activity, beside several prooxidant factors and age that were covariables. SS is higher in sedentary lifestyle women after the two-year follow-up; although, the difference was statistically significant only in older women. Four principal components were associated with the OS, and 7 out of 8 prooxidant factors were important for the analysis, which were included in the Poisson model. The predictive factors for OS were the sedentary lifestyle (adjusted PR = 2.37, CI95%: 1.30–4.30, p < 0.01), and age, in which the risk increases 1.06 (CI95%:1.02–2.11, p < 0.01) by each year of age. Our findings suggest that a sedentary lifestyle increases the OS during the aging in Mexican women.

Lactobacillus fermented plant extracts provided to yearling ewes improves their lambs’ antioxidant status at weaning

The objective of this experiment was to determine if supplementation with Lactobacillus fermented plant extracts will affect the livestock performance (BW change and reproduction) and antioxidant status of ewe lambs managed to lamb as yearlings (EWES). A further objective of this experiment was to determine how providing the Lactobacillus fermented plant extracts may influence their lambs’ (LAMBS) performance, rumen fermentation patterns, and antioxidant status following weaning. The EWES [n = 60; initial body weight (BW) = 29.6 ± 2.4] were provided a concentrate supplement (100 g/ewe/d) with either no extract (CON), a seaweed based extract (SWO; 10 mL/ewe/d), or a seaweed plus terrestrial plant extract (SWP; 10 mL/ewe/d), from their weaning through to the weaning of their lambs. Treatment did not influence EWES plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), whole blood glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), or EWES or LAMBS body weight change. However, one day after weaning, the LAMBS born to SWO and SWP EWES had 13–14% greater (P = 0.02) TAS and had lower (P = 0.03) GPx activity than LAMBS born to CON EWES indicating greater antioxidant transmission to their offspring in SWO and SWP EWES. Overall, it was concluded BW changes did not appear to be great enough to elicit oxidative stress in EWES. Supplying SWO and SWP to sheep increased the maternal transmission of antioxidants to their offspring.