Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

Variations to plasma H2O2 levels and TAC in chronical medicated and treatment-resistant male schizophrenia patients: Correlations with psychopathology

Accumulating evidence suggests that imbalanced oxidative stress (OS) may contribute to the mechanism of schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of OS parameters with psychopathological symptoms in male chronically medicated schizophrenia (CMS) and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patients. Levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), peroxidase (POD), α-tocopherol (α-toc), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were assayed in males with CMS and TRS, and matched healthy controls. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results demonstrated significant differences in the variables H2O2 (F = 5.068, p = 0.008), ·OH (F = 31.856, p < 0.001), POD (F = 14.043, p < 0.001), α-toc (F = 3.711, p = 0.027), TAC (F = 24.098, p < 0.001), and MMP-9 (F = 3.219, p = 0.043) between TRS and CMS patients and healthy controls. For TRS patients, H2O2 levels were correlated to the PANSS positive subscale (r = 0.386, p = 0.032) and smoking (r = −0,412, p = 0.021), while TAC was significantly negatively correlated to the PANSS total score (r = −0.578, p = 0.001) and POD and TAC levels were positively correlated to body mass index (r = 0.412 and 0.357, p = 0.021 and 0.049, respectively). For patients with CMS, ·OH levels and TAC were positively correlated to the PANSS general subscale (r = 0.308, p = 0.031) and negatively correlated to the PANSS total score (r = −0.543, p < 0.001). Furthermore, H2O2, α-toc, and ·OH may be protective factors against TRS, and POD was a risk factor. Patients with CMS and TRS exhibit an imbalance in OS, thus warranting future investigations.

In ovo feeding of α-ketoglutaric acid improves hepatic antioxidant-gene expression, plasma antioxidant activities and decreases body temperature without affecting broiler body weight under cyclic heat stress

The broiler industry is adversely affected by the rise in global temperature. This study investigated the effects of in ovo feeding of α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) on growth performance, organ weight, plasma metabolite, plasma oxidative stress, rectal temperature (RT), and hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes in Arbor Acres broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Three hundred fifty fertile eggs during incubation were divided into 5 groups according to AKG concentrations and temperature conditions. After dissolving AKG in distilled water at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, 0% AKG was in ovo administered to 2 of the 5 groups whereas the remaining 3 groups received 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, respectively. From d 29 to 34 of age, 4 groups of birds received heat stress (HS) at 31°C ± 1°C for 6 h per day while the other group was kept at room temperature (21°C ± 1°C; NT). So, the 5 treatment groups were: 1) 0AKG-NT, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 0% AKG were reared under thermoneutral conditions. 2) 0AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 0% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. 3) 0.5AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 0.5% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. 4) 1.0AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 1.0% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. 5) 1.5AKG-HS, where chicks hatched from eggs receiving 1.5% AKG were reared under cyclic HS conditions. HS significantly reduced body weight change (ΔBW %) and average daily gain (ADG) without affecting average daily feed intake (ADFI). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly increased (P = 0.003) in all HS-treated groups. A significant linear decrease in the final RT (P = 0.005) and a change in RT (P = 0.003) were detected with increasing AKG concentration. Total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.029) and antioxidant balance (P = 0.001) in plasma increased linearly with increasing AKG concentration whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were linearly decreased (P = 0.001). Hepatic gene expression of CAT (P = 0.026) and GPX1 (P = 0.001) were dose-dependently upregulated while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)1, NOX4, and heat shock protein (HSP)70 were linearly downregulated (P < 0.05). Hence, in ovo injection of AKG was effective in mitigating HS-induced oxidative stress without attenuating the adverse effects on broiler growth.

Phytochemicals from Monty’s Surprise apple are absorbed in humans, increase plasma antioxidant response, and inhibit lung and breast cancer proliferation in vitro

Apples consumption is associated with improved health and reduced risk of cancer which is attributed to its phytochemical content(1). Evidence suggests that apple phytochemicals affect different Hallmarks of cancer and reduce oxidative stress, which is involved in the pathology of cancer(2). The limiting factor to obtain these effects in the human body is apple phytochemicals’ low bioavailability. Our study is focused on a heritage apple cultivar discovered in New Zealand - Monty’s Surprise. Based on our previous liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis this apple contains high phytochemical (mainly flavonoids) concentrations when compared to some other commercial apple cultivars available in New Zealand. This study aims to evaluate the bioavailability of Monty’s Surprise apple phytochemicals in humans and Monty’s Surprise phytochemicals’ effects on blood total antioxidant capacity and lung, and breast cancer cell proliferation. Twelve healthy participants received either apple puree or a placebo as a control in a randomised crossover human study. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting and at regular intervals up to eight hours post-meal consumption. The main phytochemical metabolites in the participant’s plasma were evaluated by LC-MS-MS. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power. Based on the results from the metabolomics analysis we then created a synthetic mixture of the Monty’s Surprise apple phytochemical metabolites and evaluated their effects on cell proliferation using SYBR green assay in vitro. We were able to detect twenty-seven different phytochemical metabolites in the participant’s plasma after consumption of Monty’s Surprise apple puree. The main metabolites detected were metabolites of phenolic acids, and phase II metabolites, but also phloretin metabolites. Moreover, Monty’s Surprise apple puree consumption significantly increased (p &lt; 0.001) plasma total antioxidant capacity 30 minutes post-meal intake (from the baseline to 170.76 µmol/L ± 34.58), when compared to the placebo consumption. In addition, Monty’s Surprise apple phytochemical metabolites inhibited lung and breast cancer cell proliferation at different concentrations. Results from this study demonstrated that Monty’s Surprise apple phenolic compounds are absorbed and enter the systemic circulation after apple puree ingestion and their absorption improves plasma antioxidant status. Moreover, Monty’s Surprise apple blood metabolites inhibit lung and breast cancer cell growth in vitro. These findings suggest that incorporating Monty’s Surprise apple into the diet may improve human health and prevent cancer development.

Strategic administration of antioxidant multiminerals and vitamins to transitional buffaloes augments antioxidant and udder defense mechanisms in early lactation

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of repeated administrations of antioxidant multiminerals and vitamins in transition buffaloes on udder defense mechanism, antioxidant activity and occurrence of intramammary infection (IMI) in early lactation period. Forty clinically healthy pregnant buffaloes were enrolled 45 days before expected date of calving and randomly allocated into five different supplementation groups (n = 8): only basal ration (control), vitamin E and selenium (VES), multiminerals (MM), ascorbic acid (AA) and chromium (Cr) picolinate in basal diet. The udder defense mechanism was monitored by measuring phagocytic activity (PA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) productions in milk leukocytes, antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma and occurrence of IMI was assessed by milk cytology, bacterial count in milk and visible clinical signs of udder until day 28 post-calving. The results showed that the VES and MM supplementations exhibited significantly higher PA, MPO and NO productions of milk leukocytes till first week of lactation whereas, elevated mean TAC in plasma was maintained from day −7 to 1 of calving in MM supplementation group as compared to control group. Statistically, no significant difference in occurrences of subclinical or clinical IMI was noted across the groups until four weeks of lactation. Taken together, it is concluded that repeated administrations of VES and MM to transition buffaloes could be an effective strategy to maintain good udder health by augmenting milk leukocyte functions and antioxidant status and preventing incidence of IMI in early lactation.

Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines following perchloroethylene exposure in young female dry-cleaning workers.

The involvement of Perchloroethylene (PCE) in the development of autoimmune diseases has been reported. However, few studies investigated immunotoxicity in PCE-exposed workers. To study changes in the oxidative stress and cytokine profile of young female dry-cleaning workers exposed to PCE. Thirty-eight exposed workers and 38 unexposed controls were recruited. All the participants were young nonsmoker females. Individual interviews were conducted by a physician. Blood samples were collected and hematological tests were performed by an automated Coulter Counter. Plasma PCE levels were determined using gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the colorimetric method. The levels of plasma cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by commercially kits. The levels of plasma PCE averaged 561±96 ng/ml in the exposed group compared with 1.3±0.5 ng/ml in the controls. The hematological tests failed to find abnormalities in the exposed workers. Exposed workers presented significantly increased plasma levels of MDA, SOD and CAT. There were no significant differences between the two groups for level of plasma TAC. Significantly increased plasma IL-1β and TNF-α and decreased IL-2 and IL-8 levels were seen in the exposed workers. There were no significant differences between the two groups for IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ. PCE exposure resulted in changed cytokine profile in dry-cleaning workers, suggesting the potential immunotoxicity of PCE at low exposure levels.

Comparing the Levels of Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Hamadan Hospitals Between Radiographic Technologists and Non-radiographic Technologists

Background: Changes in the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are considered an important prognosis in the formation and progression of many atherogenic diseases, the TAC, carcinogenesis, and inflammation. In this study, plasma TAC values were measured in radiographic and non-radiographic technologists. Methods: The present study was conducted on 75 people exposed to radiation in the radiology centers of Hamadan hospitals and 75 non-radioactive people working in the other non-radiology departments of Hamadan hospitals. The people in the studied population were matched in terms of age and gender. After preparing their blood samples, the plasma of each was separated, and then, the plasma TAC values were measured by the calorimetric method. Results: The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of total plasma was lower in radiographic technologists compared to individuals working in other non-radiology departments, so that in the two studied groups, it was 5.32±0.66 and 6.70±0.95 μmol/L, respectively (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of this research revealed that the plasma TAC was lower in radiographic technologists than in individuals working in other non-radiology departments. Therefore, people exposed to radiation are more exposed to risks caused by changes in plasma TAC, and the use of antioxidant substances is recommended for these people.

Punicalagin Protects Ram Sperm from Oxidative Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Mitochondrial Potential during Liquid Storage at 4 °C.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of punicalagin, an antioxidant, on ram sperm quality. Semen samples were collected and pooled from five rams, then diluted using a Tris-based diluent containing various concentrations (0, 5, 15, 30 and 45 μM) of punicalagin. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured and analyzed during liquid storage at 4 °C. The results showed that the Tris-based solution containing punicalagin improved sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, TAC, SOD, CAT and MMP, and decreased ROS content and MDA content. At the same time, the semen sample diluted with the Tris-based solution supplemented with 30 μM punicalagin achieved the best effect. The sperm total motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, TAC, SOD, CAT and MMP of the group supplemented with 30 μM punicalagin were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the other groups on the 5th day during the liquid storage at 4 °C. Meanwhile, the ROS content and MDA content were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in the other groups. In conclusion, the optimal concentration of punicalagin in the Hu ram semen diluent was determined to be 30 μM. The results indicated that a diluent supplemented with punicalagin could enhance the quality of ram sperm preserved at 4 °C by increasing antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial potential and reducing oxidative stress.

Alpha-lipoic acid improves the quality of ram spermatozoa stored at 4°C by reducing oxidative stress and increasing mitochondrial potential.

Ram spermatozoa inevitably produce a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during liquid storage, leading to oxidative stress and a decline of spermatozoa quality. Therefore, it is particularly important to add exogenous antioxidants during the process of semen liquid preservation. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether adding alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to ram semen can reduce oxidative stress and enhance spermatozoa quality during the liquid storage at 4°C. Different concentrations of ALA (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mM) were added to semen and stored at 4°C. During storage at 4°C, spermatozoa motility, kinetic parameters, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, energy metabolism parameters (mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) and oxidative stress parameters [ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were assessed. The results indicated that 0.1 mM ALA significantly (p<0.05) improved spermatozoa total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM), plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, ΔΨM, ATP, TAC, and SOD, while significantly (p<0.05) reducing spermatozoa ROS and MDA content compared to the control group. In conclusion, ALA can reduce damage caused by oxidative stress in spermatozoa and effectively improve the quality of semen preserved at 4°C. And the optimal concentration is 0.1 mM.

Reduced SIRT1 and SIRT3 and Lower Antioxidant Capacity of Seminal Plasma Is Associated with Shorter Sperm Telomere Length in Oligospermic Men.

Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide and has a profound impact not only on their families, but also on communities. Telomere attrition has been associated with infertility, DNA damage and fragmentation. Oxidative stress has been shown to affect sperm DNA integrity and telomere length. Sirtuins such as SIRT1 and SIRT3 are involved in aging and oxidative stress response. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in regulating oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and their association with oligospermia. Therefore, we assessed the protein levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity (CAT) in the seminal plasma of 272 patients with oligospermia and 251 fertile men. We also measured sperm telomere length (STL) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) using a standard real-time quantitative PCR assay. Sperm chromatin and protamine deficiency were also measured as per standard methods. Our results for oligospermic patients demonstrate significant reductions in semen parameters, shorter STL and LTL, lower levels of SOD, TAC, CAT, SIRT1 and SIRT3 levels, and also significant protamine deficiency and higher levels of MDA and DNA fragmentation. We conclude that a shorter TL in sperms and leukocytes is associated with increased oxidative stress that also accounts for high levels of DNA fragmentation in sperms. Our results support the hypothesis that various sperm parameters in the state of oligospermia are associated with or caused by reduced levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 proteins.

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy of Mouse Models of Age-related Macular Degeneration.

To investigate fluorescence lifetime of mouse models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). Two AMD mouse models, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice and NF-E2-related factor-2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice, and their wild-type mice underwent monthly ophthalmic examinations including FLIO from 3months of age. After euthanasia at the age of 6 or 11months, blood plasma was collected to determine total antioxidant capacity and eyes were enucleated for Oil red O (ORO) lipid staining of chorioretinal tissue. In FLIO, the mean fluorescence lifetime (τm) of wild type shortened with age in both spectral channels. In short spectral channel, τm shortening was observed in both AMD models as well, but its rate was more pronounced in ApoE-/- mice and significantly different from the other strains as months of age progressed. In contrast, in long spectral channel, both model strains showed completely opposite trends, with τm becoming shorter in ApoE-/- and longer in Nrf2-/- mice than the others. Oil red O staining at Bruch's membrane was significantly stronger in ApoE-/- mice at 11months than the other strains. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was highest in ApoE-/- mice at both 6 and 11months. The two AMD mouse models exhibited largely different fundus fluorescence lifetime, which might be related to the different systemic metabolic state. FLIO might be able to indicate different metabolic states of eyes at risk for AMD. This animal study may provide new insights into the relationship between early AMD-associated metabolic changes and FLIO findings.

The microbiota of sexual intercourse and its effect on prostatitis.

It is estimated that microorganisms colonize 90% of the body surface. In some tracts, such as the genitourinary tract, the microbiota varies throughout life, influenced by hormonal stimulation and sexual practices. This study evaluated the semen differences and presence of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae in semen samples from patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and men asymptomatic for urogenital infections. Fifty-three semen samples were included: 22 samples from men with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and 31 asymptomatic men (control group). In addition to the presence of L. crispatus, L. iners, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, semen parameters, total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, prostatic antigen and some proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in each semen sample. Volunteers with symptoms of chronic prostatitis presented a lower percentage of sperm morphology (4.3% vs. control group 6.0%, p = 0.004); in the semen samples of volunteers in the group asymptomatic for urogenital infections, microorganisms associated with the vaginal microbiota were detected more frequently. The presence of bacteria in the vaginal microbiota can also benefit male reproductive health, which undergoes various modifications related to lifestyle habits that are susceptible to modification. Microorganisms associated with the vaginal microbiota, such as L. crispatus, L. iners, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, may have a protective role against the development of male genitourinary diseases such as prostatitis.

Opioid Therapy and Implications for Oxidative Balance: A Clinical Study of Total Oxidative Capacity (TOC) and Total Antioxidative Capacity (TAC).

Opioids are used in pharmacotherapy for chronic pain. The phenomenon of their influence on the oxidative-antioxidant balance is poorly understood. Additionally, little is known about the oxidative status in patients receiving chronic opioid noncancer pain therapy. The primary goal was to explore oxidative status using the total oxidative capacity (TOC) and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) in patients with chronic lower back pain (LBP) treated with opioids. The secondary task was to present the risk factors connected with the duration of therapy or anthropometric parameters. Plasma TOC and TAC were analyzed in the study group (n = 28), i.e., patients with chronic LBP treated with opioids, and in the control group (n = 11), i.e., healthy volunteers. The TAC was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while the TOC did not differ significantly. A statistically lower TOC for buprenorphine compared to oxycodone (p = 0.019) and tramadol (p = 0.036) was observed. The TOC did not differ between tramadol and oxycodone. The highest TAC was described for oxycodone, while the TAC for buprenorphine and tramadol was significantly lower in comparison with oxycodone (p = 0.007 and p = 0.016). The TOC/TAC ratio was higher in patients with nicotinism in both groups. Patients receiving chronic opioid therapy presented a lower antioxidative capacity. There were differences in opioid-induced oxidative imbalance, which is very important clinically. Nicotinism increases the oxidative-antioxidative imbalance. The least oxidative capacity was associated with buprenorphine, while oxycodone showed the greatest antioxidant activity. The most favorable TOC/TAC ratio was observed for buprenorphine. It is suggested that buprenorphine or oxycodone has the best profile, and there is no correlation with the duration of opioid therapy or the opioid dose. However, all opioid substances can potentially enhance the oxidative-antioxidative status.

Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus

Microplastics (MP) are harmful, causing stress in aquatic species and acting as carriers of hydrophobicity. In aquatic environments, benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that accumulates in the body and causes toxic reactions in living organisms. We investigated the effects of single and combined microbead (MB) and BaP environments on goldfish antioxidant response and apoptosis. For 120 h, goldfish were exposed to single (MB10, MB100, and BaP5) and combined (MB10+BaP5 and MB100+BaP5) environments of 10 and 100 beads/L of 0.2 µm polystyrene MB and 5 µg/L BaP. We measured MB and BaP bioaccumulation as well as plasma parameters including ALT, AST, and glucose. The level of oxidative stress was determined by evaluating lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma, as well as antioxidant-related genes for superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) and caspase-3 (Casp3) mRNA expression in liver tissue. The TUNEL assay was used to examine SOD in situ hybridization and apoptosis in goldfish livers. Except for the control group, plasma LPO levels increased at the end of the exposure period in all experimental groups. TAC increased up to 24 h of exposure and then maintained a similar level until the trial ended. SOD, CAT, and Casp3 mRNA expression increased substantially up to 120 h as the exposure concentration and time increased. The TUNEL assay revealed more signals and apoptotic signals in the combined exposure environments as a consequence of SOD in situ hybridization than in single exposure environments. These results suggest that combined exposure to toxic substances causes oxidative stress in organisms, which leads to apoptosis.

Impact of Different Levels of Insulin on Cryopreservation Local Roosters Stored Semen Biomarkers

The aim of this research to examine the impact of different level of Insulin certain biomarkers of local roosters semen after being cooling for varying lengths of periods, roosters semen pooled, diluted with extender, and distributed randomly among five groups: Diluted semen put through the semen cryopreservation technique; the control treatment (C1) 0 insulin; (C2) contained 4 IU/insulin; (C3) contained 5 IU/insulin; (C4) contained 6 IU/insulin; and (C5) contained 7 IU/insulin. After 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours, cooling semen were evaluated for plasma membrane integrity(MI), acrosome integrity(AI), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TCA). The result showed significant differences between the treatments in terms of MI, AI and TCA in sperm with C5, C3, C2 respectively, but there were no significant differences in terms of MDA. TCA were found to be significantly improved in the fourth storage period.

Gallic acid rescues uranyl acetate induced-hepatic dysfunction in rats by its antioxidant and cytoprotective potentials

BackgroundThe liver was identified as a primary target organ for the chemo-radiological effects of uranyl acetate (UA). Although the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of gallic acid (GA) make it a promising phytochemical to resist its hazards, there is no available data in this area of research.MethodsTo address this issue, eighteen rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups. One group was received carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle of GA) and kept as a control. The UA group was injected intraperitoneally with UA at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The third group (GA + UA group) was treated with GA orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days before UA exposure. UA was injected on the 15th day of the experiment in either the UA group or the GA + UA group. The biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings in the GA + UA group were compared to both control and UA groups.ResultsThe results showed that UA exposure led to a range of adverse effects. These included elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein and decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The exposure also disrupted the redox balance, evident through decreased plasma total antioxidant capacity and hepatic nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and increased hepatic oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde. Plasma levels of albumin and alanine aminotransferase did not significantly change in all groups. Histopathological analysis revealed damage to liver tissue, characterized by deteriorations in tissue structure, excessive collagen accumulation, and depletion of glycogen. Furthermore, UA exposure up-regulated the immuno-expression of cleaved caspase-3 and down-regulated the immuno-expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 in hepatic tissues, indicating an induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress response. However, the pre-treatment with GA proved to be effective in mitigating these negative effects induced by UA exposure, except for the disturbances in the lipid profile.ConclusionsThe study suggests that GA has the potential to act as a protective agent against the adverse effects of UA exposure on the liver. Its ability to restore redox balance and inhibit apoptosis makes it a promising candidate for countering the harmful effects of chemo-radiological agents such as UA.

Dietary supplementation with green tea extract improves the antioxidant status and oocyte developmental competence in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes

The aim of this work was to assess the antioxidant status and the developmental competence of oocytes recovered by ovum pick-up (OPU) in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes supplemented with green tea extracts (GTE) for 90 days. Buffalo cows (n = 16) were randomly assigned to a control group receiving no supplement and a treatment group, receiving GTE starting 90 days before OPU, carried out for five consecutive sessions. Blood samples were collected before the start of supplementation with GTE (T0) and at day 45 (T1) and day 90 (T2) of supplementation, to measure ferric reducing activity (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The antioxidant status of follicles was measured as TAC on the follicular fluid collected from the dominant follicle just prior OPU, coinciding with T2, and at the end of five repeated OPU sessions (T3). Another objective was to assess in vitro the protective effects of green tea extracts on hepatic cells exposed to methanol insult. Different concentrations of GTE (0.5 μM and 1 μM) were tested on cultured hepatic cells and viability, morphology and SOD activity were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h.Supplementation with GTE increased (P < 0.05) the number of total follicles (8.7 ± 0.5 vs 6.9 ± 0.5), the number and the percentage of Grade A + B cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) compared with the control (3.7 ± 0.4 vs 2.3 ± 0.3 and 57.5 ± 4.2 vs 40.4 ± 4.9 %, respectively). Oocyte developmental competence was improved in the GTE group as indicated by the higher (P < 0.05) percentages of Grade 1,2 blastocysts (44.8 vs 29.1 %). In the GTE group, plasma TAC was higher both at T1 and T2, while FRAP increased only at T2, with no differences in SOD and CAT. The TAC of follicular fluid was higher (P < 0.05) in the GTE compared to the control both at T2 and at T3 The in vitro experiment showed that co-treatment with methanol and 1 μM GTE increased (p < 0.01) cell viability at 24 h (P < 0.01), 48 h (P < 0.05) and 72 h (P < 0.01) compared with the methanol treatment co-treatment with 1 μM GTE prevented the decrease in SOD activity observed with methanol at 24 and 48 h of culture. In conclusion, the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that supplementation with GTE increases buffalo oocyte developmental competence, by improving oxidative status and liver function.

Efficacy of a dietary supplement derived from five edible plants on telomere length in Thai adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Mylife/Mylife100® is a dietary supplement consisting of black sesame seed, guava fruit, mangosteen aril, pennywort leaves, and soy protein. These edible plants contain multiple high-potential bioactive compounds exerting various vital biological functions including antioxidants which contribute to delaying the rate of telomere shortening. Telomere length is associated with cellular aging and age-related diseases. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Mylife/Mylife100® on telomere length through a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The trial assessed the alteration of leukocyte telomere length after 32 adults aged 50-65 years received either Mylife/Mylife100® or placebo (five capsules/day) for 8-week supplementation. The results demonstrated a significant increase in mean telomere length from baseline (6313 bp) to the 8-week supplementation period (6655 bp; p < 0.05) in the group receiving the product, whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Additionally, the product group exhibited a significant improvement in plasma total antioxidant capacity levels compared to the placebo group (mean change, +35 vs -38; p = 0.006). This study also showed a significant correlation between telomere length and % CD4 + T cells (r = +0.325; p = 0.00003), % CD8 + T cells (r = +0.156; p = 0.048), and visceral fat (r = - 0.349; p = 0.000006). The findings suggest that consuming this dietary supplement (Mylife/Mylife100®) for 8 weeks has a positive effect on cellular aging by lengthening telomeres possible through their antioxidant capacities. Oxidative stress and cellular aging are underlying predisease mechanisms that might be alleviated by supplementing with this product.

Effects of dietary Radix bupleuri root extract on the growth, muscle composition, histology, immune responses and microcystin-LR stress resistance of juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

The current study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary Radix bupleuri root extract (RBE) on the growth performance, muscle composition, immune responses, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) stress resistance of juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). Crayfish (0.28 ± 0.02 g) were fed experimental diets containing graded RBE levels as 0 (Diet 1), 0.2 (Diet 2), 0.4 (Diet 3), 0.6 (Diet 4), 0.8 (Diet 5) and 1.6 (Diet 6) g/kg RBE for 8 weeks. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate (WGR) were significantly increased in the Diet 4 and Diet 5 groups. The content of muscle crude protein was significantly increased in the Diet 4 and Diet 5 groups, and the crude lipid content was significantly decreased in the Diet 5 group. Dietary RBE did not alter the structure of the hepatopancreas. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in hepatopancreas and plasma were significantly increased in Diet 4 and Diet 5 groups compared to the control group, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hepatopancreas and plasma was significantly decreased in the Diet 5 group. Plasma alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was significantly higher in the Diet 3, Diet 4, Diet 5 and Diet 6 groups. Hepatopancreas and plasma PO activities were significantly increased in Diet 4 and Diet 5 groups. The mRNA levels of extracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (ecCu, Zn-SOD), hemocyanin, C-type lysozyme (C-LZM), GPx, and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) were significantly up-regulated in the hepatopancreas of crayfish fed Diet 5 than those of the control group. After MC-LR challenge, the survival rates of crayfish in the Diet 4 and Diet 5 groups were significantly higher than the control group. The findings suggest that 0.6–0.8 g/kg of RBE can improve growth and muscle composition and enhance immunity and microcystin-LR resistance.

34 Assessing the Ability to Immunomodulate the Innate Immune System and Oxidative Status of Weaned Pigs Through a Prenatal Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

Abstract Gastrointestinal immunity and antioxidant defenses may be bolstered in young animals through prenatal immune system stimulation (PIS), but this is largely uninvestigated in swine. The objective of this experiment was to determine if a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered to late-gestating sows would alter the immune response and oxidative status of subsequent offspring. On d 78 ± 1.8 of gestation, 14 Camborough sows (Parity = 2.6±1.4) of the same farrowing group were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: intramuscular injection of saline (CON) or LPS from E. coli O111:B4 (2.5 µg/kg of BW). Sow rectal temperatures (RT) and sickness behavior scores (SBS) were recorded every 0.5 h from -0.5 h to 8 h and every 8 h from 8 to 48 h post-treatment. A subset of 34 weaned barrows (n = 17 CON, LPS; weaning age 21 ± 1.3 d) from the experimental sow group were transported on d -7 to an environmentally controlled facility where they were individually housed with ad libitum access to water and feed. On d -1, pigs were anesthetized for placement of a subcutaneous temperature logger and a jugular catheter. On d 0, all pigs were challenged intravenously with the same LPS strain (10 µg/kg of BW) previously administered to sows. Body temperature was measured at 5-min intervals from the time of logger placement. Blood samples were collected at -2, 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h relative to LPS administration at 0 h. After the 24 h blood collection, pigs were necropsied for ileal and jejunal tissue. Plasma samples, jejunal and ileal tissues were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with treatment and time as fixed effects. A dependent covariance structure was used for repeated measurements. Sows administered LPS had elevated RT from 2 to 16-h post-challenge with return to baseline by h 24, indicating mild immune stimulation (treatment × time; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Similarly, sows exposed to LPS had increased SBS from 2 to 3.5 h post-challenge (treatment × time; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Pigs exposed to PIS had greater body temperature than CON at 1 and 2 h post-LPS (treatment × time; P &amp;lt; 0.01). An increase in plasma TAC at 2 and 4 h post-LPS was observed in pigs exposed to PIS relative to CON (treatment × time; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Irrespective of treatment, LPS increased plasma MDA from 2 to 24 h post-challenge (time; P &amp;lt; 0.01). There was no effect of PIS on ileal or jejunal tissue TAC (P ≥ 0.40), but weaned pigs exposed to PIS had decreased jejunal MDA (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Collectively, it appears PIS may alter the innate immune response and oxidative status of the weaned pig during LPS challenge.

148 Evaluation of Multicarbohydrase Supplementation in Soluble and Insoluble Fiber-Based sow Diets on Markers of Immune Function, Inflammation, and Oxidative Status at mid and Late Gestation

Abstract Carbohydrase supplementation in soluble and insoluble fiber-based diets can improve the health, gastrointestinal function, and livability of growing pigs. However, its efficacy in sow diets is incompletely understood. The experimental objective was to investigate the effects of soluble (20% sugar beet pulp) versus insoluble (20% reduce oil corn DDGS) dietary fiber with or without multicarbohydrase supplementation on systemic markers of gut barrier integrity, inflammation, and oxidative stress of sows at mid and late gestation. On d 28 of gestation, 36 confirmed gestating sows (186 ± 4.6 kg BW) were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets (n = 8) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Factors included fiber type of either insoluble fiber (IF; 16.91 IDF%) or soluble fiber (SF; 5.26 SDF%) and with (+) or without (-) enzyme supplementation (0.05%, Rovabio Advance P10; Adisseo, Antony, France). Diets were fed from d 28 to d 109 of gestation at a feeding level of 2.4 kg/d. On d 50 and d 99 of gestation, before an 8-d metabolism collection period, serum and plasma were collected via jugular venipuncture and analyzed for malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and a 13-plex cytokine array. Data were analyzed as repeated records using a linear mixed model (PROC Mixed, SAS 9.4) with block as a random effect, and fiber type, enzyme supplementation, and collection period and their interaction as fixed effects. Relative to mid gestation, serum malondialdehyde concentrations were greater in late gestation (5.53 vs. 7.52 μmol/mL; Period P = 0.015), and a similar effect was observed for plasma TAC (5.81 vs. 6.59 mmol/L; Period P = 0.008). Sows fed SF tended to have increased circulating Interleukin (IL)-10 (4.97 vs. 8.59 ng/mL; Fiber P = 0.096) and had increased serum IL-6 (0.65 vs. 1.40 ng/mL; Fiber P = 0.032). Multicarbohydrase supplementation decreased serum IL-4 (17.97 vs. 9.67 ng/mL; Enzyme P = 0.012). Irrespective of collection period, multicarbohydrase supplementation increased Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-stimulating factor in sows fed IF but reduced it in those fed SF (220, 430, 550, 260 pg/mL for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+, respectively; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.042). Sows fed SF+ had increased serum IL-1 receptor antagonist (2.12, 2.20, 2.69, 4.18 ng/ml for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+, respectively; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.035), and IL-2 (1.53, 1.67, 1.64, 2.89 ng/mL for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.042). In the presence of IF, multicarbohydrases increased serum LBP, but not when supplemented with SF (9.68, 10.90, 10.02, 9.68 ng/mL for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+, respectively; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.028). Circulating IL-8 (0.24 vs. 0.10 ng/mL) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (1.26 vs. 0.60 ng/ml) were reduced in sows fed multicarbohydrases (Enzyme P &amp;lt; 0.05). Collectively, supplementing multicarbohydrases may reduce systemic endotoxin and inflammatory pressures throughout gestation, but mechanisms are unique to dietary fiber type.