Plasma Total Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Effect of Zinc supplementation on haematology, oxidative stress and plasma biochemical parameters in cadmium exposed goats

The present study was designed to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on haematology, oxidative stress and plasma biochemical parameters in Cd induced lactating goats. Eighteen crossbred lactating goats were divided into three groups (Control, T1 and T2). In T1 and T2 groups, goats were given 10 ppm Cdcl2, while in T2, Zinc @100ppm was also supplemented for period of 120 days. At the end of study, blood glucose, TLC, neutrophil % and AST, ALT were increased significantly in T1 group and except glucose, Zn supplementation in T2 group showed its protective effect on TLC, neutrophil %, lymphocyte %, AST and ALT. There was significant decrease in lymphocyte %, Hb and plasma total antioxidant activity in T1 group. At 30 days, the activity of SOD was increased in T1 and T2 but thereafter activities were significantly decreased at 120 days in T1 but in T2 it was similar to control. The activity of catalase was increased on 30 and 60 days and thereafter decreased from 90 days onwards but the rate of decline was comparatively less in T2. Total immunoglobulin and lymphocyte stimulation index were significantly decreased in T1 group whereas in Zn supplemented group decline trend was less. Henceforth, it was concluded that 100 ppm Zn is helpful in reducing burden of Cd induced biochemical and oxidative stress in goats.

Clinical efficacy and antioxidant properties of interferon inducers in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases in children

Introduction. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of respiratory infections in the practice of a pediatrician occupy one of the leading places. Currently, much attention is paid to various links in the pathogenesis of viral respiratory diseases. Among them, particular importance is attached to the system of antioxidant defense and cytokine regulation of inflammation. It is important to study the effect of various drugs on these links of pathogenesis in order to increase the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic methods.Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and impact on lipid peroxidation of Kagocel® in the treatment of respiratory viral infections in children.Materials and methods. An observational study was conducted involving 124 children aged 6 to 15 years with manifestations of a respiratory viral infection who received symptomatic treatment, of which 89 children additionally took antiviral therapy with Kagocel®.Results. Along with the good tolerance of Kagocel® and the absence of side effects in children on the background of its use, a significantly shorter period of regression of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory infection was shown. It was noted that in children taking Kagocel® on the 3rd-5th day of therapy, there is an increase in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma and a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde compared with patients who did not take the drug, which demonstrates the antioxidant effects of Kagocel®, which certainly have a positive effect on the character course of the healing process.Conclusion. Kagocel® has been shown to have high clinical efficacy and antioxidant effects.

Biochemical indicators of the lipid metabolism in workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products

Introduction. In recent years, the use of rare earth elements has been expanding in various innovative research and high-tech industries, which leads to an increase in the volume of their extraction and processing and makes it possible to develop a negative impact on the health of workers under conditions of long-term industrial exposure to rare earth elements with the air of the working area.
 The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate the deviations of the biochemical parameters of the lipid spectrum in workers, due to the chemical factors of the technological process of processing raw materials and production of rare metal products.
 Materials and methods. The study and evaluation of the content of rare earth elements in the blood of workers, the study of biochemical parameters, statistical analysis, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships were carried out.
 Results. Workers exposed to rare-earth elements with the air of the working area (100% of workplaces) showed increased concentrations of holmium, dysprosium, yttrium, neodymium, niobium and terbium in the blood from 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to similar indicators in workers who were not associated with technological process. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides in blood serum, a decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma in workers relative to the physiological norm and similar indicators in the comparison group were established. A significant relationship of the identified deviations with an increased blood concentration of niobium, dysprosium and holmium has been proven.
 Limitations. The study took into account the aerogenic inhalation effect of rare earth elements on the health of workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products. 
 Conclusion. Long-term inhalation exposure to rare earth elements contained in the air of the working area caused changes in biochemical parameters, reflecting the depletion of antioxidant defense resources, inducing disorders of lipid metabolism. The identified negative effects in workers can lead to pro-atherogenic vascular inflammation under conditions of continuing industrial exposure. The obtained results should be taken into account for the development of recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the impact of the studied chemical factors of the labour process on the health of workers.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Hepatoprotectors on Oxidative Homeostasis in the Blood of Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Randomized Experimental Study

Background. An analysis of published results on the chemical structure, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of hepatoprotective agents, as well as their practical application, shows that a holistic view on the pharmacology of hepatoprotective agents is yet to be developed. Thus, the relationship between antioxidant activity and the effectiveness of reducing hepatocyte cytolysis remains unclear. Another difficult question concerns indications for the application of hepatoprotectors, selection of a particular drug and treatment duration.Objectives. To investigate the effects of hepatoprotective agents with different mechanisms of action on the indicators of oxidative metabolism in the blood of patients with alcoholic hepatitis.Methods. Four groups of patients were involved in the study. The 1st group consisted of relatively healthy male patients (n = 15). The remaining groups (10 individuals in each) were represented by patients with moderate alcoholic hepatitis. Patients of the 2nd group received remaxol; patients of the 3rd group received ademetionine; patients of the 4th group received ursodeoxycholic acid. Prior to and following treatment, the indicators of cytolysis and oxidative stress in blood were determined. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatPlus v 7 (AnalystSoft Inc.) software package.Results. According to the observed changes in the cytolytic syndrome marker enzymes, all three hepatoprotectors under study expressed comparable efficacy. After treatment according to any of the applied schemes, the ALT and AST activity in the blood plasma decreased by 56–68% and 75–81%, respectively, compared to their initial values. In comparison with the control group, the total antioxidant activity of the blood plasma decreased by 20–27%; the content of TBA-reactive products in the erythrocyte suspension increased by 61–87%. The remaxol, ademethionine or ursodeoxycholic acid therapy led to a partial normalization of the abovementioned parameters without significant differences between the experimental groups. The concentration of reduced glutathione in the erythrocyte suspension and the content of thiol groups in the blood plasma of patients were reduced in comparison with the control group by 16% and 26%, respectively. After therapy, these indicators also increased by 12–15%, although no predominant effect of either of the studied hepatoprotectors was revealed.Conclusion. The conducted comparative study indicated the absence of a specific antioxidant effect among the pharmacological mechanisms of action of remaxol, ademethionine and ursodeoxycholic acid. In this regard, further research should be carried out to investigate the effect of hepatoprotective drugs on pathobiochemical changes and to analyse a relationship between the antioxidant effect and the efficacy of reducing the level of hepatocyte cytolysis.

К вопросу о нитрозативном стрессе у подростков с экзогенно- конституциональным ожирением

Objective. To study the levels of nitric oxide, advanced oxidation protein products and total antioxidant activity in serum and plasma in adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity. Patients and methods. The study group included 46 adolescents with class I exogenous constitutional obesity (24 girls and 22 boys). The control group included 43 adolescents with normal body weight (23 girls and 20 boys). The levels of nitric oxide, advanced oxidation protein products and total antioxidant activity in serum and plasma were determined by spectrophotometry. Results. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in metabolic indices. In adolescent boys with obesity, a direct correlation was found between the levels of nitric oxide and advanced oxidation protein products, and between the levels of nitric oxide and total antioxidant activity. Conclusion. In the group of adolescent boys with class I exogenous constitutional obesity, the formation of pathogenetic interrelations between the parameters of nitrosative status was observed, which indicates the initial signs of metabolic changes. Key words: obesity, adolescents, free radical oxidation, nitric oxide

Bioassay-guided fractionation and evaluation of anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of punica granatum l. Var nana cultivated in egypt

Punica granatum L. var. nana is an ornamental plant, yet it is underestimated medicinally compared to edible pomegranate. In this study, the ethanolic extract of the leaves(TEL)and its successive fractions were evaluated for anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic potentials in nicotinamide/streptozotocin(NA/STZ)-diabetic rats. Blood was measured for glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c%) and insulin levels.Anti-oxidant activity was assessed via measuring malondialdehyde(MDA), nitric oxide(NO), total anti-oxidant activity(TAC) and reduced glutathione(GSH). Anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated via monitoring triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(VLDL-c), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c) and atherogenic index(AI). Both TEL and ethyl acetate fraction(EAL) reduced glucose, HbA1c%, MDA, NO, TG, TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c and AI but increased plasma insulin, TAC, GSH and HDL-c. Therefore, the potent effect of TEL could be attributed to EAL, from whichseven phenoliccompounds were isolated.Nutritional composition was also investigated. Finally, leaves of the studied plant played a beneficial role in management of diabetes, controlling oxidative stress and improvement of lipid abnormalities.

Effect of Purple Neem Foliage as a Feed Supplement on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Utilization, Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Population, Plasma Antioxidants, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Profile of Goats.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of Purple Neem foliage as a feed supplement on nutrient apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation, microbial population, plasma antioxidants, meat quality and fatty acid profile of goats. Eighteen Boer male goats (approximately 20 ± 2 kg body weight; mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were randomly allocated into three treatments. All goats were fed a 60 d daily feeding with three treatments: (1) control, (2) 3% Purple Neem foliage (PNF) + 3% sunflower oil (SFO) in concentrate, and (3) 6% Purple Neem foliage (PNF) + 3% sunflower oil (SFO) in concentrate. The findings indicate that goat feed containing 6% PNF + 3% SFO in concentrate increased feed consumption, nutrient intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen utilization compared to the goat feed at 3% PNF + 3% SFO and the control group. The feeding of goats with 6% PNF + 3% SFO in concentrate resulted in high ammonia nitrogen, BUN, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and the total VFA levels were increased at 2 and 4 h after feeding (p < 0.01). The individual microbial population with 6% PNF + 3% SFO had higher (p < 0.01) total bacteria, higher Butyrivibrio fibrisolven, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefacises, and Streptococcus bovis, decreased protozoa and methanogen levels at 2 and 4 h after feeding. The antioxidant in plasma indices varied, with 6% PNF + 3% SFO having higher total antioxidant (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma at 2 and 4 h after feeding. Additionally, goat fed 6% PNF + 3% SFO can improve meat quality by lowering drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and saturated fatty acid as well as increase the fatty acid profile (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) in goat meat. Our findings suggest that Purple Neem foliage might be an excellent alternative additive for goat feed.

Postprandial Responses of Serum Cholesterol, Glucose and Plasma Antioxidant Activity, after Intake of an Innovative High Fat Mayonnaise-Based Appetizer, Enhanced with Olive Paste, in Healthy Volunteers.

Several Mediterranean functional foods and their process by-products may exert a beneficial role on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress modulation, providing bioactive compounds with functional properties, contributing to possible chronic disease prevention (cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc.). The purpose of the present interventional study was to investigate the postprandial responses of metabolic biomarkers, after the intake of an innovative mayonnaise-based appetizer, enhanced with olive paste, in healthy volunteers. In this cross-over design, randomized and single-blind, interventional–clinical trial, 10 healthy volunteers, aged 20–30 years old, after splitting into the control group and the Mediterranean group, consumed a pasta meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (150 g), containing a mayonnaise-based appetizer or the same appetizer, enhanced with 9% olive paste. After a 1-week washout period, the subjects consumed the meals in reverse. Differences between groups on postprandial responses of total plasma antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP method, serum total cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid levels, were determined before, 30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h after consumption. The results showed that, in comparison to the control group, consumption of the enhanced appetizer resulted in a significantly decreased total serum cholesterol and glucose levels, and also led to a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant activity, 3 h after consumption (p < 0.05). Further investigation with large prospective studies is needed to validate the current results.

Consumption of Purple Neem Foliage Rich in Anthocyanins Improves Rumen Fermentation, Growth Performance and Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Growing Goats

This study aimed to investigate how the consumption of purple neem foliage rich in anthocyanins improves rumen fermentation, growth performance and plasma antioxidant activity in growing goats. In total, 25 Anglo-Nubian Thai native male goats (about 20 ± 2 kg body weight; mean standard deviation (SD)) were assigned to 2 × 2 + 1 factorial in a completely randomized study design. There were five treatments: (1) control, (2) 3% normal neem foliage in concentrate, (3) 6% normal neem foliage in concentrate, (4) 3% purple neem foliage in concentrate and (5) 6% purple neem foliage in concentrate. The results show that the goats that were fed 6% purple neem foliage in concentrate had a higher (p &lt; 0.01) feed intake gDM/d, %BW, g/kgBW0.75, nutrient intake, nutrient digestion, final weight, weight change and ADG than did the goats that were fed 3% purple neem foliage in concentrate, 3% normal neem foliage in concentrate, 6% normal neem foliage in concentrate and control treatment. The feeding of 6% purple neem foliage in concentrate had higher (p &lt; 0.01) N intake, N urine, N digestion, N digestion (%), N retention and N retention (%) than the other treatments. The goats receiving 6% purple neem foliage in concentrate had no negative effect (p &lt; 0.01) on pH but had a higher (p &lt; 0.01) level of ammonia nitrogen, BUN, acetic acid, propionic acid, ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid and total VFA at 2 and 4 h after feeding compared to the other treatments. The effect of anthocyanin-rich 6% purple neem foliage was shown to be higher than the other treatments (p &lt; 0.01) for total bacteria, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Streptococcus bovis at 2 and 4 h after feeding. The goats fed 6% purple neem foliage displayed higher (p &lt; 0.01) levels of total antioxidant (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant activity in plasma at 2 and 4 h after feeding. The goats fed 6% purple neem foliage had lower (p &lt; 0.01) protozoa methanogen and malondialdehyde (MDA) at 2 and 4 h after feeding. In developing growing goats, the introduction of anthocyanin-rich purple neem foliage boosted plasma antioxidant capacity, improved rumen volatile fatty acids and caused a shift in the structure and relative abundance of the ruminal microbial community.

The Effect of the Enteral Correction Program on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Patients with Poisoning with Psychopharmacological Agents or Corrosive Substances

RATIONALE Acute exogenous poisonings represent a serious medical problem due to the prevalence, severity of the course and high lethality. In their pathogenesis, an important place is given to oxidative stress (OS). Among modern methods of treatment of acute poisoning, the attention is drawn to approaches aimed at normalizing homeostatic indicators by cleansing the enteric environment, restoration of its barrier function.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Assess the impact of the enteral correction program (ECP) on the parameters of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant systems in acute exogenous poisoning.MATERIAL AND METHODS 119 patients who underwent treatment at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, of which 45 were with severe acute poisoning with psychopharmacological agents (PPPA) and 74 with poisoning with corrosive substances (PCS). The two study groups consisted of 40 patients with PCS and 23 patients with PPPA, whose standard therapy was supplemented with ECP. The ECP included making intestinal lavage on admission, the introduction of glucosed saline enteral solution in the following days; and for patients with PCS the treatment also included enteral nutrition and Pektovit.The comparison groups included 56 people (34 with PCS and 22 with PPPA) comparable to the patients of the study groups by sex, age, the type and severity of poisoning poisoning treated with standard therapy The severity of OS was assessed by the KMDA/TAA index which was calculated by means of measuring the concentration of malonic dialdehyde (as an LPO parameter) and total antioxidant activity in the blood plasma of the patients. Serum levels of nitric oxide stable metabolites were also measured.The analysis of the results was performed with the regard to patient’s age.RESULTS In patients of working age, regardless of the toxicant type, LPO activation occurred, which was expressed with an increased KMDA/TAA by 1.4–1.8 times compared to the norm. Using ECP at the study stages contributed to maintaining this balance level between pro- and antioxidants. In patients of comparison groups there was an increase in the LPO system imbalance, while KMDA/TAA exceeded the norm by 2.2–2.4 times that was statistically signifi cantly different from the parameters in the study groups.Older patients showed decreased levels of LPO products, the total antioxidant activity compared to the normal for the age, and, as a result, a decrease in KMDA/TAA by 1.3–1.5 times in PCS and by 2–2.4 times in PPPA. This is due to the low adaptive potential of this category of patients. In this age group, ECP contributed to a moderate activation of LPO, which provided the trend towards normalization of OS parameters.CONCLUSIONS The use of the enterable correction program has a positive impact on the dynamics of oxidative stress parameters, ensuring the maintenance of oxidative processes at the level required for an adequate protective reaction of the body to chemical injury.

Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quantification, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Study and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Clerodendrum serratum Linn. Roots

The present study was aimed to identify and to quantify the phytoconstituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography techniques and further to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant potential. In this study, the roots of Clerodendrum serratum Linn. was subjected to soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvents and the obtained extracts (CSRH, CSRC, CSREA and CSRA) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The caffeic acid and beta-sitosterol were quantified from the extracts using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using established methods viz. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Antioxidant potential was assessed using in vitro methods such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity; ferric reducing ability of plasma assay and total antioxidant activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 48 compounds, out of which 41 compounds were identified and among them caffeic acid and beta-sitosterol were quantified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The abundance of phenolic and flavonoid content was found in CSREA and CSRA fractions. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay was found to be 1.24, 3.36, 10.61 μg/ml for the CSRA, CSREA and CSRC fractions respectively and the total antioxidant activity was found to be 960±0.25, 766±0.14 and 816.6±0.28 μg/mg for the CSRC, CSREA and CSRA fractions respectively showing strong antioxidant activity. The ferric reducing ability of plasma assay showed strongest reducing power for CSRA and CSREA fractions. The results showed that the CSRA and CSREA fractions had strong antioxidant potential. It may be concluded from the results that the Clerodendrum serratum Linn. roots possesses significant antioxidant potential may be due to presence of potent phenolic and flavonoid compounds and these finding supports the traditional use of plant to treat the oxidative stress and related disorders.

Development of Cholesterol-Lowering and Detox Formulations Using Bentonite and Herbal Ingredients.

Detoxification enzymes involved in human metabolism works to minimize the potential xenobiotic-induced damage constantly. Studies have revealed that toxin accumulation plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. This study has been designed to provide evidence of medicinal use of bentonite, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) as detoxification and cholesterol-lowering agents using a hypercholesterolemic model in mice. The potential hypocholesterolemic effects and detoxification ability of these ingredients were evaluated at the same time: Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, plasma total antioxidant activity, nitric acid, leptin levels and glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase values were measured. It was determined that GBTF group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and flaxseed), GBTP group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and psyllium), and GBT group (grape seed extract, bentonite, and turmeric) of the tested materials decreased the serum total cholesterol concentration by 64.8, 57.5, and 48.9%, respectively, in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. In addition, it was determined that some detoxification parameters such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were statistically significantly reversed in GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups. Flaxseed, psyllium, and bentonite clay did not show significant effects in reducing total cholesterol; however, GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups interventions had a significant effect in reducing total cholesterol levels. Moreover, it was observed that adding flaxseed or psyllium to the GBT group increased the cholesterol-lowering effect. Therefore, it can be thought that this significant effect is due to the synergistic effect of the raw materials. When the results obtained were evaluated, it was seen that the cholesterol-lowering and detoxification effects of the combinations were higher than from the effect of natural material used alone. As a result, combinations of some of these ingredients have a positive effect on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Influence of the SOD2 A16V gene polymorphism on alterations of redox markers and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profiles in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity.

Chronically increased oxidative stress has been reported in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the gene coding for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), namely the missense substitution A16V (C47>T) resulting in alteration of SOD2 enzyme activity, has been reported to be associated with MCS. However, the influence of SOD2 A16V genetic background on redox status of patients with MCS has not yet been investigated. Here, the results of a retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the role of the SOD2 A16V polymorphism in the alterations of antioxidant defense markers as well as fatty acid (FA) composition of erythrocyte membranes in 67 patients with MCS matched with 55 healthy controls is reported. The mutated SOD2 V16 variant was observed more frequently in the MCS group compared with the control group, and this difference was statistically significant. The most common genotype in both groups was the heterozygous SOD2 AV16 variant, whereas the mutated SOD2 VV16 variant was more frequently observed in the MCS group, although the difference was not significant. The MCS cohort showed significantly depleted levels of plasma total antioxidant activity, ubiquinol, erythrocyte reduced glutathione and membrane polyunsaturated FA levels, coupled with significant increases in glutathione peroxidase activity, likely accounting for sustained detoxification from lipoperoxides. Notably, the highest levels of oxidative stress were found in patients with MCS bearing the genotype SOD2 AA16, whereas intermediate levels were found in patients bearing the heterozygous AV16 genotype. Healthy subjects bearing the SOD2 AA16 genotype also showed increased oxidative stress compared with carriers of other SOD2 genotypes. Despite the need for further confirmations in larger cohorts, due to MCS population genetic heterogeneity, these preliminary findings suggest that SOD2 defective activity makes certain patients with MCS more susceptible to developing oxidative stress following a chronic daily exposure to pro-oxidant insults.

Oxidative Stress in Focal Symptomatic and Cryptogenic Epilepsy in Young Patients

Objectives. To study oxidative stress in young patients with focal symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy and after first onset of epileptic seizures. Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients aged 19–44 years took part in the study and were divided into three groups of 30 patients after single epileptic seizures, with clinical remission for one year or more, and treatment-resistant epileptic seizures. The study also included presumptively healthy people (20 subjects) who made up the control group. Study indicators were prooxidant stress in terms of TBA-active products and antioxidant defense in terms of total plasma superoxide-scavenging activity, catalase activity, total plasma antioxidant activity, and reduced plasma thiols (SH groups). Results. No significant differences were found in the plasma TBA-active products concentration between epilepsy patients and the control group. The other study parameters (concentration of reduced SH groups, total plasma superoxide-scavenging activity, catalase activity) and total plasma antioxidant activity showed significant differences from controls. Significant between-group differences were found for a number of indicators. Conclusions. Changes in free-radical processes compared with normal were seen after first seizures and persisted in refractory epilepsy and in clinical remission. Given that measures of the activity of the antioxidant defense system showed significant differences between different groups of epilepsy patients, it can be suggested that different components of oxidative stress are activated after first epileptic seizures and in different courses of epilepsy.

Chronic nandrolone decanoate administration effects on antioxidant parameters in Wistar rats

Chronic nandrolone decanoate exposure is associated with a modified redox status in the favor of oxidants. Paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase activities are considered sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, being also predictors for coronary artery disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of chronic nandrolone administration on paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase activities in Wistar rats. 16 Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n=8 for each of them): nandrolone decanoate (A) treated group and control group (C). After 12 weeks of nandrolone decanoate administration we analyzed several plasma oxidative stress parameters: TROLOX Equivalent Antioxidant Activity, paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase activities, total thiols, and advanced oxidation protein products. Our results showed a significant decreased total antioxidant activity in nandrolone treated group compared with controls, while paraoxonase activity and total thiols levels were significantly increased. Myeloperoxidase activity and advanced oxidation protein products were not significantly different between the two studied groups. In conclusion decreased plasma total antioxidant activity suggested increased oxidative stress induced by chronic high doses of nandrolone. Despite oxidative stress presence high doses of nandrolone induced also increased plasma paraoxonase activity.

Comparative Study of the Effects of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs on Plasma and Urine Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenic Patients.

PurposeEvidence that antipsychotic drugs (ADs) can affect oxidative stress estimated with various biomarkers in schizophrenic patients is controversial and limited. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the ability of six atypical ADs (clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone) used in schizophrenia treatment to modulate oxidative damage to different biomolecules such as lipids and proteins.Patients and MethodsWe measured the levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine: total antioxidant capacity by FRAP (according to a modified method of Benzie & Strain), thiobarbituric acid reactive species – TBARS (spectrophotometric method), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) (OxiSelect™ HNE Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) (OxiSelect™ Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit) in plasma, and F2-isoprostanes (BIOXYTECH® Urinary 8-epi-Prostaglandin F2α) in the urine of 60 schizophrenic patients (before and after treatment) and in 30 healthy subjects.ResultsOur results showed that in schizophrenic patients levels of lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS, F2-isoprostanes) were higher than in healthy subjects but FRAP in schizophrenic patients was lower than in healthy controls and increased after 4-week treatment with tested ADs. A 4-week treatment with ADs caused the improvement of psychopathology symptoms estimated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) that was accompanied by decreased lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes, TBARS; p=2.9x10−6, p=7.6x10−5, respectively) and an increase in total antioxidative capacity (FRAP) (p=5.16x10−16).ConclusionAtypical antipsychotics especially clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine demonstrate the effective outcome of antipsychotic treatment, beneficial antioxidative action by reducing lipid peroxidation and increased total plasma antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress in Seminal Plasma from Dogs Supplemented with Fish Oil and Vitamin E.

BackgroundWe evaluated the effect of fish oil (FO) and FO in addition to vitamin E (VE) supplementation on total antioxidant activity of dog seminal plasma, and further assessed oxidative stress. Additionally, we measured the effect of this supplementation on hematological parameters and serum biochemistry.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, six male dogs were assigned to one of the following three groups for a period of 60 days using a replicated 3×3 Latin square design: control (CG), FO (FOG) and FO in addition to VE (FOEG). On days 0 and 60 of the trial, semen and blood samples were obtained. 2,2V-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo- thiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine total antioxidant activity. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring total sulfhydryl group (T-SH).ResultsDogs supplemented with FO alone had a lower total antioxidant activity in seminal plasma (ABTS: -59.86% vs. CG and -57.3% vs. FOEG; and FRAP: -37.3% vs. CG and -40.5% vs. FOEG), and higher oxidative stress (T-SH: +53.0% vs. CG and+60.2% vs. FOEG) compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) concentration de- creased in FOG and FOEG compared with CG, on day 60 (P<0.01).ConclusionWe concluded that total antioxidant activitydecreased and oxidative stress increased in seminal plasma of dogs after FO supplementation for 60 days.

Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Background: There is a growing awareness that nutritional habits may influence risk of several inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases, through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary habits and their relationship with redox homeostasis in the setting of thyroid autoimmunity. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects (173 females and 27 males; median age, 37 years) were enrolled. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Exclusion criteria were any infectious/inflammatory/autoimmune comorbidity, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer. In each subject, serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroid antibodies, and circulating oxidative stress markers were measured. A questionnaire on dietary habits, evaluating the intake frequencies of food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, was submitted to each participant. Results: Among the 200 recruited subjects, 81 (71 females and 10 males) were diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the remaining 119 (102 females and 17 males) served as controls. In questionnaires, HT subjects reported higher intake frequencies of animal foods (meat, p = 0.0001; fish, p = 0.0001; dairy products, p = 0.004) compared with controls, who reported higher intake frequencies of plant foods (legumes, p = 0.001; fruits and vegetables, p = 0.030; nuts, p = 0.0005). The number of subjects who preferentially consumed poultry instead of red/processed meat was lower in HT subjects than in controls (p = 0.0141). In logistic regression analysis, meat consumption was associated with increased odds ratio of developing thyroid autoimmunity, while the Mediterranean diet traits were protective. In HT subjects, serum advanced glycation end products (markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) than in controls, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as total plasma antioxidant activity, were lower (p = 0.020, p = 0.023, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Stepwise regression models demonstrated a significant dependence of oxidative stress parameters on consumption of animal foods, mainly meat. Conclusions: The present study suggests a protective effect of low intake of animal foods toward thyroid autoimmunity and a positive influence of such nutritional patterns on redox balance and potentially on oxidative stress-related disorders.

The effect of intravenous administration to rats of magnetite nanoparticles with various shells on the functional state and morphology of the endothelium and on antioxidant status

Background . Today, the development of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery is underway. A separate place is occupied by magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxides (MNPs) due to their chemical stability, relatively high biocompatibility, and comparative ease of preparation. Unmodified MNPs can easily be oxidized, that can to lead to toxic effects and a loss of magnetic and colloidal stability, in order to avoid these effects, it is necessary to coat their surface, then to study of their effect on vascular endothelium and antioxidant status. Objective . The aim of the work was to study the effect of intravenous injection to rats of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide with various shells on the functional condition and morphology of the endothelium and on antioxidant status. Design and methods . In this work, we used colloidal solutions of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) in a 0.9 % NaCl solution. MNPs were coated with albumin (MNP + albumin), polylactide (MNP + polylactide) and polysaccharide (MNP + polysaccharide). The study was performed on male rats of the Wistar SPF-category. MNP were injected once into the lateral tail vein of rats. Vascular morphology was studied by histological methods. The functional activity of the endothelium was studied by wire myography method. The concentration of nitric oxide and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. Total antioxidant activity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma were evaluated by using the method of luminol-activated chemiluminescence. Results . A single intravenous injection to rats of MNP + albumin and MNP + polylactide does not provide changes in vascular reactivity, however, the introduction of MNP + polysaccharide causes a decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation while maintaining the ability to reduce. The studied types of magnetic nanoparticles do not affect the metabolic activity of the endothelium and vascular morphology. It was found that the introduction of the studied agents causes a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation. MNP + albumin, MNP + polylactide, and MNP + polysaccharide, when it injected once intravenously, provide a similar effect, but different mechanisms of realization on the antioxidant status. Conclusion . The obtained data indicate that the studied species of MNPs have equal biocompatibility when they are once administered intravenously to rats.

Haemato-biochemical alterations and oxidative stress associated with naturally occurring porcine circovirus2 infection in pigs.

Porcine circovirus2 (PCV2) infection in pigs is one of the major causes of economic loss to the farmers in terms of low production, slow growth and increase post-weaning mortality rate. The effect of PCV2 infection on haemogram, serum biochemical profile and oxidant/anti-oxidant status is not well established in pigs. In the present study, haemogram, serum biochemical profile and oxidant/anti-oxidant status were assessed in pigs confirmed positive for PCV2 infections as evidenced by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (n = 151) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 42) among a total of 306 number of pigs included in the study. Non-infected healthy pigs (n = 6) served as healthy control. The total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC) and thrombocyte count were measured. The levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and glucose and enzymes viz. alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Oxidative stress indicators such as plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total anti-oxidant activity (TAOA) were measured using commercially available kits. The mean values of TLC, lymphocytes and thrombocyte count were significantly (P < 0.05) low in PCV2-infected pigs. The levels of globulin, AST, GGT, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased (P < 0.05) whereas levels of albumin and glucose significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in PCV2-infected pigs. The significant increase (P < 0.05) in MDA level and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in TAOA level were noticed in PCV2-infected animals as compared with healthy control. The present study supports immunosuppression, possible multiple organ damage and oxidative stress associated with naturally occurring PCV2 infection in pigs. Timely vaccination and managemental practices can reduce PCV2 infection in farms. In spite of many research studies, there is still paucity of detailed systemic study on haemato-biochemical alteration and oxidative stress associated with PCV2 infection.