Plasma SOD Activity Research Articles

Effect of resveratrol on spermatogenesis in breeding boars and the proteomic analysis for testes

Effect of resveratrol (RSV) on spermatogenesis and the mechanism of resveratrol in promoting spermatogenesis of breeding boars was explored by feeding sexually mature Duroc boars with normal diet and 20 mg/kg resveratrol diet for 14 days to the control group and experimental group, respectively. Semen volume, sperm density, motility, viability and abnormality rate were analyzed on day 0, 7, and 14. Blood samples were collected, and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) in serum were analyzed. On day 14, the testis tissue was collected for antioxidant and proteomics analysis etc. The semen volume, sperm density, motility, and viability of the experimental group and the contents of serum FSH, LH, T and plasma SOD activity were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, the serum IL-6, TNF-α and plasma MDA were remarkably lower in experimental group. The above results showed that resveratrol can simulate spermatogenesis in breeding boars. Proteomic results demonstrated that three differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were up-regulated and 12 DEPs were down-regulated; ODF1, calmodulin, Cabs1, and Hp were involved in spermatogenesis; and the main enriched metabolic pathway is steroid hormone synthesis pathway. Therefore, the improvement in sperm quality by resveratrol may be achieved by regulating the changes in outer dense fiber 1, calmodulin, spermatid specific 1, and haptoglobin expression and steroid synthesis pathway.

Fucoidan Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Capacity via Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Mitochondrial Function in Low-Weaning Weight Piglets.

Fucoidan (FC) is known for its antioxidant properties, but it has unclear effects and mechanisms on weaned piglets. Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimal FC dosage in piglet diets and its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress. In experiment one, 24 low weight weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a basal diet (FC 0), or a diet supplemented with 150 (FC 150), 300 (FC 300), or 600 mg/kg FC (FC 600). In experiment two, 72 low-weaning weight piglets were randomly allocated into four treatments: a basal diet (CON), or 300 mg/kg of fucoidan added to a basal diet challenged with LPS (100 µg LPS/kg body weight) or not. The results showed that FC treatments increased the G:F ratio, and dietary FC 300 reduced the diarrhea incidence and increased the plasma IGF-1 concentrations. In addition, FC 300 and FC 600 supplementation increased the plasma SOD activity and reduced the plasma MDA concentration. LPS challenge triggered a strong systemic redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, dietary FC (300 mg/kg) supplementation increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, decreased the MDA concentration in the plasma and liver, down-regulated Keap1 gene expression, and up-regulated Nrf2, CAT, MFN2, SDHA, and UQCRB gene expression in the liver. These results indicated that dietary fucoidan (300 mg/kg) supplementation improved the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of low-weaning weight piglets, which might be attributed to the modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the mitochondrial function in the liver.

The impact of physical activity on promoter-specific methylation of genes involved in the redox-status and disease progression: A longitudinal study on post-surgery female breast cancer patients undergoing medical treatment

Most anticancer treatments act on oxidative-stress pathways by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells, commonly resulting in consequential drug-induced systemic cytotoxicity. Physical activity (PA) has arisen as an integrative cancer therapy, having positive health effects, including in redox-homeostasis. Here, we investigated the impact of an online supervised PA program on promoter-specific DNA methylation, and corresponding gene expression/activity, in 3 antioxidants- (SOD1, SOD2, and CAT) and 3 breast cancer (BC)-related genes (BRCA1, L3MBTL1 and RASSF1A) in a population-based sample of women diagnosed with primary BC, undergoing medical treatment. We further examined mechanisms involved in methylating and demethylating pathways, predicted biological pathways and interactions of exercise-modulated molecules, and the functional relevance of modulated antioxidant markers on parameters related to aerobic capacity/endurance, physical fatigue and quality of life (QoL).PA maintained levels of SOD activity in blood plasma, and at the cellular level significantly increased SOD2 mRNA (≈+77 %), contrary to their depletion due to medical treatment. This change was inversely correlated with DNA methylation in SOD2 promoter (≈−20 %). Similarly, we found a significant effect of PA only on L3MBTL1 promoter methylation (≈−25 %), which was inversely correlated with its mRNA (≈+43 %). Finally, PA increased TET1 mRNA levels (≈+15 %) and decreased expression of DNMT3B mRNA (≈−28 %).Our results suggest that PA-modulated DNA methylation affects several signalling pathways/biological activities involved in the cellular oxidative stress response, chromatin organization/regulation, antioxidant activity and DNA/protein binding. These changes may positively impact clinical outcomes and improve the response to cancer treatment in post-surgery BC patients.

Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the regulation of reproductive performance and egg quality of blotched snakehead Channa maculata broodstock induced by a high protein diet

To evaluate the effects of dietary protein on reproductive performance, egg quality and larval health of the blotched snakehead Channa maculata, three groups were designed: a high protein group (HP) with 48% protein content, a low protein group (LP) with 44% protein content, and a control group (C) fed with commercial feed containing 40% protein. The results demonstrated that the HP diet significantly enhanced maternal absolute fecundity, egg size and offspring health; however, it had no impact on fertilization rate and hatching rate. The maternal plasma levels of 11-ketotestosterone, 17β-estradiol, and vitellogenin in the HP group were found to be significantly higher compared to those in the C group. Plasma SOD activity and T-AOC capacity in the HP group were significantly higher than those in the C group, while MDA content showed an opposite trend. The trend of T-AOC in 7 days post-hatching larvae exhibited a consistent pattern with that observed in the maternal. Metabolomics and transcriptomics results indirectly indicated that the differences in reproductive and egg quality of the broodstock were associated with the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. The expression levels of star, zp3, foxo3, tgf-β, ghr, igf, cyp17a1, and cyp19a1 genes associated with reproduction and were significantly upregulated in the HP group. By depleting the abundance of metabolites in key pathway such as the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism within the ovary, there is an elevation in arachidonic acid metabolite abundance, thereby facilitating ovarian maturation and regulating egg quality. In conclusion, the high protein diet may affect the reproductive process and egg quality by inducing an upregulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway and ovarian steroidogenesis and arachidonic acid metabolism, leading to increased plasma cholesterol levels and enhanced steroid hormone synthesis.

Trace Elements Status and Their Associations With Related Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

It remains ambiguous as to whether the status of trace elements would affect their related enzyme activities toward defending a possible higher oxidative stress in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD) treatment. We investigated copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) status in patients receiving PD or HD treatments and further determined the association of these trace elements with their related antioxidant capacities in those patients. Sixty PD and 80 HD patients before and after HD treatment had their blood drawn. Demographic, clinical, and 24-hour diet recall data were recorded and collected. Plasma trace elements, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Patients receiving PD or HD treatments experienced similar Zn and Cu intakes. PD and HD patients displayed adequate mean plasma Cu, Zn, and Se levels. Patients receiving PD treatment showed significantly higher levels of Cu, Zn, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but had significantly lower levels of Se and total antioxidant capacity when compared to levels in the HD patients at the pre-HD session. The levels of 3 trace elements and AOPP increased significantly, while the levels of glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GPx, and SOD activities decreased significantly after receiving HD treatment than did the levels in the pre-HD session. Plasma Cu, Se, and Zn levels had a different correlation with plasma AOPP level, GPx, and SOD activities during PD, pre- or post-HD sessions. Plasma Cu, Zn, and Se levels did not have any association with their associated enzyme activities in patients with PD, while plasma Cu and Zn levels may have influenced SOD activity in HD patients. An adequate Cu, Zn, and Se status is required in order to help their associated enzyme activity cope with increased oxidative stress during PD or HD sessions.

CORRECTION OF THE METABOLOMIC PROFILE AND REDOX POTENTIAL IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB VARICOSE VEINS (CLASS C4 - C6) IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD

The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the use of sulodexin (SDX) and ozone therapy in the treatment of lower limb varicose veins (classes C4 to C6) based on the study of the dynamics of plasma biomarkers of oxidative homeostasis and metabolomic profile. In patients of the comparison group, changes in the TAC index in blood plasma tended to increase, however, we didn’t established any statistical significance for the entire period of the study: initially - 305.5 ± 18.6 nmol/ml, then 322.3±17.7 nmol/ml on the day 20 after SI (surgical intervention), and 341.6±18.2 nmol/ml (p=0.672) on day 45 after SI. On the contrary, patients of the main group, by the day 20 after SI, had an increase in TAC level from 305.5±18.6 nmol/ml to 365.9±18.1 nmol/ml (by 19.8% of the baseline, p=0.046 ). By the day 20 after SI, in patients of the comparison group, the SOD activity in blood plasma tended to increase from 10.8±1.8 U/ml to 13.1±1.5 U/ml (by 21.3% relative to the baseline), but no statistical significance was found (p=0.733). The proposed method of complex treatment proved to be effective in correcting oxidative homeostasis and cellular metabolomic profile in patients with LLVV (classes C4 to C6).

Вплив aктовегіну на механізми розвитку окисного стресу у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу з кардіоваскулярною автономною нейропатією

The effects of actovegin on the mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CVAN) were investigated. The aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of treatment with actovegin for the pro- and antioxidant balance impairment and changes in gene expression of HIF-1α and mTOR in the blood of patients with DM2 and CVAN. It was shown that intravenous injections of actovegin at a dose of 1000 mg per day for 10 days and further prolonged oral administration of this drug at a dose of 800 mg per day for 90 days led to a decrease in the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and H2O2 production in erythrocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These changes were indicative of a weakening of OS intensity. It was also shown that treatment with actovegin promoted an increase in total plasma SOD activity as well as reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes from patients. Treatment with actovegin also raised the gene expression of HIF-1α and reduced the gene expression of mTOR in leukocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These genetic changes may serve as a protective mechanism against the development of OS, which acts through different metabolic pathways. So, actovegin administration counteracting OS development due to the impact on the different components of pro- and antioxidant system as well as on HIF-1α and mTOR genes expression may offer new clinical avenues for pharmacological treatment of patients with DM2 and CVAN.

Smoking Affects the Predictive Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Clinical Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Large-scale Cohort Study.

There is overwhelming evidence of the relationship between smoking and schizophrenia (SZ). Tobacco smoke is considered to ameliorate the symptoms and reduce the side effects of antipsychotics in SZ patients. However, the underlying biological mechanism by which tobacco smoke improves symptoms in SZ remains unclear. This study was designed to examine the effects of tobacco smoke on antioxidant enzyme activities and psychiatric symptoms after receiving 12-week risperidone monotherapy. Two hundred and fifteen antipsychotic-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients were recruited and treated with risperidone for 3 months. The severity of the patient's symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and at post-treatment. Plasma SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities were determined at baseline and follow-up. Relative to nonsmoking patients with ANFE SZ, patients who smoked had higher baseline CAT activity. In addition, among non-smokers with SZ, baseline GSH-Px was associated with clinical symptom improvement, while baseline CAT was associated with positive symptom improvement in smokers with SZ. Our findings demonstrate that smoking affects the predictive role of baseline SOD, GSHPx, and CAT activities on clinical symptom improvement in patients with SZ.

Effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and curcumin on growth, hematology, immunity, and antioxidant status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The use of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and curcumin as immunostimulants is a promising method in fish culture. This study evaluated the impacts of dietary ginger extract and curcumin on growth, hematology, immune and antioxidant status, and expression of some growth and immune related genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish (7.5 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks (30 fish per tank), divided into four treatments in triplicate and received no supplementation (control) and diets supplemented with 0.5% ginger extract (ginger treatment), 0.5% curcumin (curcumin treatment), and 0.5% ginger extract plus 0.5% curcumin (mix treatment). The growth of fish and muscle crude protein content were highest in the mix treatment. Higher protein efficiency ratio, hemoglobin, and plasma ALP activity were observed in fish fed supplemented diets than the control. Red blood cells (RBC) counts and hematocrit value were higher in the ginger treatment, then curcumin and mix treatments and lower in the control. White blood cells (WBC) counts and plasma lysozyme, ACH50, catalase, and SOD activities were highest in fish fed the mix diet. Moreover, plasma C4 value and GPx activity were significantly higher and triglyceride value was lower in the curcumin and mix treatments compared to the control and ginger treatments. The highest plasma C3 and total immunoglobulin (Ig) values were found in fish fed curcumin and mix diets, but those were not significantly different from the ginger treatment. Growth hormone (GH) and lysozyme relative expression levels were highest in fish fed the mix diet and lowest in the control. Thus, the combination of 0.5% ginger extract and 0.5% curcumin (mix diet) to improve growth, body composition, hematology, immune responses, and antioxidant status in rainbow trout can be recommended.

Oxydative stress in type 2 diabetic patients: involvement of HIF-1 alpha AND mTOR genes expression

Biochemical and genetic mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in blood of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were studied. Twenty patients with T2DM and 10 healthy persons participated in this study. Lipid peroxidation, the content of protein carbonyls and H2O2 production were measured in blood plasma and erythrocytes as OS biomarkers. Activity of SOD, catalase, and GPx as well as reduced glutathionе (GSH) level in plasma and erythrocytes were estimated. The gene expression of key regulators of oxygen and metabolic homeostasis (HIF-1α and mTOR) in leukocytes was studied. It was found a significant rise of TBARS and protein carbonyls content in plasma as well as of H2O2 production in erythrocytes from patients with T2DM compared to control. The diabetic patients also demonstrated an increase in the SOD and catalase activity in plasma and significantly lower GSH content and GPx activity in erythrocytes compared to the healthy participants. The established marked inhibition of mTOR gene expression and the tendency to an increase in HIF-1α gene expression in leukocytes of patients with T2DM may serve as a protective mechanism which counteracts OS developing and oxidative cell damage. Keywords: HIF-1α, mTOR, oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dietary Protein Levels Modulate the Antioxidant Capacity during Different Growth Stages in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs.

Adequate crude protein (CP) levels in diets play potential roles in swine production. This study determined the impacts of different CP levels on the antioxidant capacity of pigs during different body weight (BW) stages. Three hundred and sixty Huanjiang mini-pigs were allocated to one of three independent experiments, including a 5-10 kg BW group, where CP levels included 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22%; a 10-20 kg BW group, where CP levels included 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, and 20%; and a 20-30 kg BW group, where CP levels included 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, and 18%. These independent experiments were conducted for 28, 28, and 26 days, respectively. Results showed that the 20% CP level increased (p < 0.05) the plasma CAT and GSH-Px activities and the GSH concentration of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14-18% CP levels, and the 20% CP level up-regulated (p < 0.05) the ileal oxidative stress-related gene expression levels of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14% CP level at the 5-10 kg BW. In addition, diets supplemented with 18% CP level increased (p < 0.05) the ileal GSH concentration of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14% and 20% CP levels, and the 16-18% CP levels increased (p < 0.05) the jejunal SOD activity of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14% CP level. At 10-20 kg BW, the 16% CP level presented the strongest jejunal and ileal antioxidant capacity, the 18% CP level had the lowest plasma concentrations of MDA and highest GSH, and the 14-16% CP levels increased the plasma CAT and SOD activities (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 16-20% CP levels up-regulated (p < 0.05) the oxidative stress-related gene expression levels. At 20-30 kg BW, diets supplemented with the 16% CP level increased the plasma CAT activity of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 12-14% CP levels, and the 14-16% CP levels decreased the MDA concentration compared with the 10% CP levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings indicate adequate CP levels of 20%, 16%, and 14% for Huanjiang mini-pigs at the 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 kg BW stages, respectively.

Abstract 11797: Totum-854 Anti-Oxidative Effect is Associated With Reduction of Blood Pressure and Tissue Remodeling in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

Introduction: Arterial Hypertension (AHT) is a major cause of premature death worldwide. Totum-854 (T-854) is a polyphenol-rich botanical composition dedicated to reduce the risk of developing AHT. We assessed its chronic effects on blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and studied mechanisms of action involved. Methods: SHR rats received vehicle or T-854 (1000mg/kg) per os once a day for 8 weeks. Arterial pressure was recorded once a week with a radio-telemetry device (HD-S10, DSI). At the end of supplementation, rats were euthanized, and tissues were sampled out to analyze oxidative stress enzyme activities and gene expression profile. Media thickness was measured on aorta, embedded in paraffin and stained with Masson’s trichrome. w 1118 male drosophila were fed a diet containing paraquat (5mM) supplemented or not with 0,45% T-854. Mortality was recorded once a day. Results: In T-854-supplemented SHR rats, changes in SBP and DBP were significantly different in comparison to vehicle group (p<0.05), with both parameters being maintained below vehicle values from the 2 nd week of supplementation to the end of the study. After 8 weeks of supplementation, antioxidant enzymes of supplemented rats exhibited increased SOD and catalase activity in plasma and myocardium, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress showed a significant decrease in aortic Cybb and a significant increase in cardiac Sod1. T-854 antioxidant effects were associated with aorta and cardiac tissue remodeling, with an increase in aortic Col4a5 gene expression as well as a decrease in media thickness by 10% in supplemented rats and a decrease in cardiac MMP-2 gene expression. Finally, the antioxidant effects of T-854 in rats were confirmed in paraquat-fed drosophila, with a significant improvement of survival (p<0.0001) and a median survival increased by 58% in comparison to paraquat diet alone. Conclusion: Chronic T-854 supplementation prevents AHT development in SHR rats. Remodeling of aortic and cardiac tissues is associated with an antioxidant effect that was confirmed in paraquat-fed drosophila. Taken together, T-854 appears as an efficient strategy to prevent AHT.

FEATURES OF EXPRESSION OF GROWTH MEDIATORS AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB VARICOSE VEINS, CLINICAL CLASS C4 - C6

The purpose of the research was to study the features of the expression of growth mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in patients with lower limb varicose veins, clinical classes C4-C6. The study included 98 patients. The control group consisted of 102 healthy donors. The levels of VEGF, PDGF, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), superoxide dismutase, and prolidase were studied. The average value of VEGF in pathologically altered vein (PAV) wall samples was 40.1 ± 6.2 ng/g of protein and was statistically significantly higher - 1.7 times compared with the same value in persons from CG 2 (23.0 ± 5.9 ng/g protein, p=0.001). Patients with lower limb varicose veins (LLVV) showed an inverse correlation between VEGF levels and SOD activity in blood plasma and PAV (r=-0.52; p=0.002 and r=-0.59; p=0.001, respectively). An increase in the level of PDGF correlated with an increase in the oxidative stress index (OSI) in the blood plasma and the PAV wall (r=0.59; p=0.022 and r=0.61; p<0.001). In patients with LLVV, a high level of MMP-9 inversely correlated with the total oxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma and in the varicose vein wall (r=-0.48; p<0.001 and r=-0.52; p=0.012). In patients with LLVV, there were statistically significant relationships between prolidase activity and OSI and TAC values ​​in the PAV wall (r=0.62; p=0.003 and r=-0.59; p<0.001). It has been established that VEGF, PDGF, MMPs play a key role in the LLVV pathogenesis; the dynamics of these indicators can be used to predict the effectiveness of surgical treatment and the risk of recurrence.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity after Cycling at Different Intensity and Duration

This study aimed to compare the effects of intensity (I) and duration (D) on the oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) and the responses of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; superoxide dismutase, SOD) among sedentary adults. In a crossover design, 25 sedentary adults performed nine cycling exercise sessions with a constant load of 50%, 60%, and 70% VO2peak for 10-, 20-, and 30-min each. Plasma MDA, CAT, GPx, and SOD activity were measured before and immediately after each exercise session. Results show that MDA concentration and SOD activity increased significantly immediately after exercise at all intensities and durations, except SOD decreased significantly at 70% V˙O2pk for 30 min. CAT activities also increased significantly after exercise at 50% V˙O2pk for 10 and 20 min but decreased at 60% V˙O2pk for 30 min and at 70% V˙O2pk for all durations. GPx activity decreased significantly after 20 and 30 min at all intensity levels. In conclusion, our results show that cycling at 50%, 60%, and 70% V˙O2pk for 10, 20, and 30 min increased oxidative stress and antioxidant activities, but with different responses. These findings suggest that the starting exercise intensity for sedentary adults should not exceed 70% V˙O2pk.

TOTUM-854 REDUCTION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ANTI-OXIDATIVE EFFECT IN SHR RATS

Objective: Arterial Hypertension (AHT) is a major cause of premature death worldwide. We have developed Totum-854 (T-854), a polyphenol-rich botanical composition to reduce the risk of developing AHT. We assessed the acute and chronic effects on blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Design and method: Acute protocol: 12-week-old SHR rats received a dose of vehicle or T-854 (1250 mg/kg) per os with a 48h-wash-out interval between two gavages, in random order. Chronic study: 18-week-old SHR rats received vehicle or T-854 (1000 mg/kg) per os once a day for 8 weeks. Arterial pressure was recorded during 24 h post-gavage (acute protocol) and for 2 hours once a week (chronic protocol) with a radio-telemetry device (HD-S10, DSI) directly implanted into the abdominal aorta. Results: Acute supplementation with T-854 induced a reduction in SBP and DBP during the 24 h recording after gavage in comparison to vehicle, with 24h-AUC decreased by 93.6mmHg.h ± 67.8mmHg.h and 70.8mmHg.h ± 54.6mmHg.h respectively. When T-854 was administered chronically, SBP and DBP were decreased from the 4th week after the start of supplementation in comparison to vehicle group. This reduction was maintained in the last weeks, with blood pressure values around baseline in T-854 SHR rats. Tissue analysis showed a plasma SOD activity increase and a decrease of aorta media thickness after 8-weeks T-854 supplementation, suggesting a potential protector role of T-854 on oxidative stress and vascular function. Conclusions: T-854 24h-post-gavage acute effect on blood pressure in hypertensive SHR rats suggests a rapid effect, with a decrease in blood pressure few hours after oral administration, and maintained during the time of the experiment. Moreover, T-854 prevents the development of AHT in SHR supplemented during eight weeks. In conclusion, T-854 appears as an efficient strategy to prevent AHT.

Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach.

Vinification by-products display great potential for utilization as feed additives rich in antioxidant compounds. Thus, the effect of dietary ground grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract rich in yeast cell walls (WYC), and grape stem extracts (PE) on the relative expression of several genes involved in liver oxidative mechanisms and the oxidative status of the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens was investigated. In total, 240 one-day-old as hatched chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to four treatments, with four replicate pens and 15 birds in each pen. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg GGP, or 2 g/kg WYC, or 1 g starch including 100 mg pure stem extract/kg (PE) for 42 days. The polyphenolic content of vinification by-products was determined using an LC-MS/MS library indicating as prevailing compounds procyanidin B1 and B2, gallic acid, caftaric acid, (+)-catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol. Body weight and feed consumption were not significantly affected. The relative transcript level of GPX1 and SOD1 tended to increase in the liver of WYC-fed broilers, while NOX2 tended to decrease in the PE group. SOD activity in blood plasma was significantly increased in WYC and PE compared to the CON group. The total antioxidant capacity measured with FRAP assay showed significantly higher values in the breast muscle of PE-fed broilers, while the malondialdehyde concentration was significantly decreased in both WYC- and PE-fed broilers compared to the CON group. The exploitation of vinification by-products as feed additives appears to be a promising strategy to improve waste valorization and supply animals with bioactive molecules capable of improving animals’ oxidative status and products’ oxidative stability.

The Role Caspase-8 and DNA Methylation in patients with Ovarian Cancer: Relationship with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common cancer and a leading cause of death in women. It well known that suppress the apoptosis initiates tumor and its development. Oxidative stress, and inflammation showed to have a role in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism still unclear. Methods: 90 females were involved in the current study. Blood samples were obtained from thirty healthy controls, thirty premenopausal women, and thirty postmenopausal women with primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Plasma SOD activity was determined by spectrophotometry method, plasma levels of 8-OHG, IL-8, and Cas-8 were measured by ELISA. methylation specific PCR (MSP PCR) was applied for measurements of un-methylation and methylation levels of Cas-8 gene. Result: The results showed a significant decrease in SOD activity in postmenopausal group compared to premenopausal women and control groups (P < 0.05). A significant increase in 8-OHG and IL-8 levels in both OC groups compared with control group (P < 0.05). Apoptosis were decreased through levels of Cas-8 in patients group compared to control group (P< 0.05). Also a high level methylation of Cas-8 gene was observed in plasma sample of patient groups compared to control group. Conclusions: low levels of Cas-8 and methylation of Cas-8 may be involved in OC carcinogenesis and consider as diagnostic marker. Oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory response and methylation of Cas-8, this may be for promoter hyper methylation in OC. Taken together, the result open new sight in strategy therapy for OC.

The effect of kefir-spirulina on glycemic status and antioxidant activity in hyperglycemia rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. It is caused by impaired insulin secretion or by insulin receptor insensitivity. DM and its complications are often related to increases in the level of oxidative stress. Spirulina is a nutrient-dense food that contains an abundance of antioxidant compounds. In combination with kefir, it may serve as both a nutrient-rich diet and an antioxidant agent that can prevent complications of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the nutritional content of kefir-spirulina and its effect on glycemic status and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic rats. A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal control (K1), diabetic control (K2), pioglitazone treatment (K3), kefir combined with 1% spirulina treatment (P1), and kefir combined with 2% spirulina treatment (P2). All rats were induced by STZ-NA, except for the normal control. Before and after the 28 days of intervention, blood samples were taken and analyzed for fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and SOD activity. The nutritional content, ethanol content, and total antioxidant capacity of kefir-spirulina were also analyzed. The diabetic rats that were fed with kefir-spirulina (P1 and P2) had a significant decrease in both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (p <0.001) compared to the diabetic control rats. The decrease of plasma glucose in K2 is comparable to the control rats treated with the diabetic drug pioglitazone (K3). The activity of SOD in diabetic rats fed in P1 and P2 were higher (p <0.001) than in untreated diabetic rats (K2). The IC50 of kefir-spirulina was 42 – 43 ppm. It was concluded that kefir combined with spirulina has high nutrition and antioxidant capacity, which is proven to be capable of controlling glycemic status and enhancing antioxidant status in a diabetic rat model.

The response of lufenuron‐ And flonicamid‐exposed Cyprinus carpio to saltwater challenge: Study on ion‐regulation and stress genes expression and plasma antioxidant characteristics

Two groups of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of lufenuron (0.11 mg/L) and flonicamid (0.43 mg/L) for 21, followed by exposure to saltwater (12 g/L). The fish were sampled before saltwater exposure (i.e. after 21 days exposure to the pesticides) and 24, 72 and 120 hr after the saltwater challenge. Plasma antioxidant characteristics and the expression of gill osmoregulatory and stress genes were studied. The results showed that Na+/K+-ATPase gene expression of the lufenuron-exposed fish was higher than the flonicamid-exposed one. However, there were no significant differences in Na+/K+-ATPase gene expression between the pesticides-exposed fish and the control group. Both lufenuron and flonicamid increased the expression of cortisol receptor gene. Cortisol receptor expression increased 24 hr after the saltwater exposure and decreased afterwards. HSP70 gene expression of the pesticides-exposed fish showed no significant difference compared to the control group; however, the salinity challenge caused significant elevation in HSP70 gene expression at 72 and 120 hr. Plasma SOD activity of the flonicamid-exposed fish was significantly lower than the control fish, before the saltwater exposure; however, an inverse pattern was observed 24 hr after that. Compared to the control fish, plasma CAT activity and MDA levels increased in the pesticide-exposed fish after the saltwater exposure. In conclusion, exposure to lufenuron and flonicamid increased cortisol receptor gene expression, which indicates stress induction. Both pesticides induced oxidative stress, before and after the saltwater exposure.

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. prevents hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in CCl4-induced ovariectomized rats

Summary Plant-derived natural products have shown beneficial effects in many diseases associated with liver. The present study aimed to appraise the effects of Trichosanthes dioica (TD) peel extract on oxidative stress, inflammation as well as fibrosis exhibited by the ovariectomized rats in which hepatic damage had been induced by the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The CCl4 administration in the ovariectomized rats elevated the plasma ALT, AST, and ALP level in comparison with the control while TD peel extract showed significant reduction of those activities. Besides, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation also increased in CCl4-treated rats. TD peel extract significantly reduced the oxidative stress marker's concentration and improved the catalase and SOD activities in CCl4-administered ovariectomized rats. These results suggest that TD peel extract is capable of protecting the liver from CCl4induced damage through preventing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis and boosting the diminished cellular antioxidant defense.