Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase Research Articles

Modulation of Performance, Plasma Constituents, Small Intestinal Morphology, and Cecum Microbiota in Growing Geese by Dietary Citric Acid Supplementation.

To investigate the efficiency and optimum inclusion level of CA in growing geese diets on performance, plasma constituents, and intestinal health, 240 healthy female geese at the age of 28d were randomly allotted six treatment diets incorporated with 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4% CA. Each treatment group consisted of five replicates and eight birds per replicate. The findings demonstrated that 3.2% CA supplementation resulted in improved growth performance (ADG, ADFI, and FBW) (p = 0.001), and geese who received CA also showed lower body fat contents (p < 0.05) than the control group. Moreover, geese from the 2.4% and 3.2% CA group had the highest plasma glutathione peroxidase and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A microbial diversity analysis of the cecum conducted by 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that 3.2% CA supplementation showed a significantly higher abundance of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, CHKCI001, Erysipelotricha-ceae_UCG_003, and UCG_009) (p < 0.05) and a lower abundance of harmful bacteria (Atopobiaceae, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Alistipes) (p < 0.10). Collectively, our results revealed that dietary supplementation with 3.2% CA had several benefits on the performance and physiological health of growing geese by promoting nutrients metabolism, improving antioxidant capacity, and modulating cecum microbiota.

Role of Ferroptosis in the Progression of COVID-19 and the Development of Long COVID.

To examine the role of ferroptosis on the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19. A total of 127 patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were categorized into two groups according to the intensity of oxygen therapy (high-flow or low-flow). Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, plasma markers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers were measured at baseline and one or two weeks after treatment. Telephone follow-up was performed 3 months after discharge to assess long COVID. Patients receiving high-flow oxygen therapy had greater levels of neutrophils; D-dimer; C reactive protein; procalcitonin; plasma protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17, and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4); and PBMC mRNA level of TNF-α; but had lower levels of lymphocytes and plasma glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). There were negative correlations of plasma GPX4 and cystine/glutamate transporter-11 (SLC7A11) with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, and positive correlations of ACSL4 with inflammatory markers in plasma and PBMCs. The plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and ACSL4 were significantly lower after treatment than at baseline, but there were higher post-treatment levels of lymphocytes, GPX4, and SLC7A11. Patients with long COVID had a lower baseline level of plasma SLC7A11. Ferroptosis is activated during the progression of COVID-19, and a low baseline level of a ferroptosis marker (SLC7A11) may indicate an increased risk for long COVID-19. Ferroptosis has potential as a clinical indicator of long COVID and as a therapeutic target.

High replacement of soybean meal by different types of rapeseed meal is detrimental to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and Aeromonas hydrophila tolerance.

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with different types of rapeseed meal (RSM; Chinese 95-type (oil press model) rapeseed meal [C95RM], Chinese 200-type rapeseed meal [C200RM], cold pressed rapeseed cake [CPRC], Indian rapeseed meal [IRM] and Canadian rapeseed meal [CRM]) on growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and Aeromonas hydrophila infection tolerance in 990 fingering (average weight 12.77 ± 0.01 g) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A basal diet was prepared using fishmeal and soybean meal as the main protein sources, the other 10 diets were formulated with five types of RSM at 20% (C95RM20, C200RM20, CPRC20, IRM20, CRM20) or 35% (C95RM35, C200RM35, CPRC35, IRM35, CRM35) inclusion levels to replace iso-nitrogenous soybean meal. Regardless of the RSM source, dietary inclusion of 20% RSM significantly reduced the weight gain rate (WGR) and digestive enzymes activities (except C200RM20) of fish, but increased the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content (except CRM20). Fish fed with CPRC20 and IRM20 exhibited relatively higher plasma cortisol and MDA content, but lower content/activities of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in plasma, lysozyme (LZM) and complement 3 (C3) in serum, catalase (CAT) in liver, and respiratory burst activity (RBA) of head kidney macrophages. The intestinal and hepatic tissues fed with 20% RSM were damaged to some extent, with the CPRC20 and IRM20 groups being the most severely affected. Regardless of the RSM source, dietary inclusion of 35% RSM significantly decreased WGR and digestive enzymes activities, but significantly increased plasma BUN and MDA content. The fish fed with CPRC35 and IRM35 exhibited relatively higher plasma cortisol, MDA, serum triglyceride, BUN content, but lower content/activities of T3, T4, C3, and LZM in serum, CAT, peroxidase and GPx in plasma, CAT in liver, RBA and phagocytic activity of head kidney macrophage. The hepatic and intestinal tissues damage was the worst in the IRM35 group among the 35% RSM inclusion groups. These results indicate that including ≥20% RSM in the diet, regardless of the source, reduced the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and survival to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout.

Quantitative Proteomics Combined with Network Pharmacology Analysis Unveils the Biological Basis of Schisandrin B in Treating Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes. Schisandrin B (Sch) is a natural pharmaceutical monomer that was shown to prevent kidney damage caused by diabetes and restore its function. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic understanding of the mechanism of Sch treatment in DN. We aim to provide a systematic overview of the mechanisms of Sch in multiple pathways to treat DN in rats. Streptozocin was used to build a DN rat model, which was further treated with Sch. The possible mechanism of Sch protective effects against DN was predicted using network pharmacology and was verified by quantitative proteomics analysis. High dose Sch treatment significantly downregulated fasting blood glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary protein levels and reduced collagen deposition in the glomeruli and tubule-interstitium of DN rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the kidney of DN rats significantly increased with Sch treatment. In addition, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in DN rats treated with Sch. 11 proteins that target both Sch and DN were enriched in pathways such as MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, renal cell carcinoma, gap junction, endocrine resistance, and TNF signaling. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics showed that Xaf1 was downregulated in the model vs. control group and upregulated in the Sch-treated vs. model group. Five proteins, Crb3, Tspan4, Wdr45, Zfp512, and Tmigd1, were found to be upregulated in the model vs. control group and downregulated in the Sch vs. model group. Three intersected proteins between the network pharmacology prediction and proteomics results, Crb3, Xaf1, and Tspan4, were identified. Sch functions by relieving oxidative stress and the inflammatory response by regulating Crb3, Xaf1, and Tspan4 protein expression levels to treat DN disease.

Protective Effect of Curcuminoids Consumption on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury in Albino Rats

This study evaluated the protective effects of curcuminoids against cadmium-induced testicular injury in Albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into nine groups, group 1 (control), groups 2-4 received 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg, and 360 mg/kg curcuminoids daily for 28 days without testicular injury. Group 5 received 20 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solution every other day for 28 days (positive control), while group 6 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 + 240 mg/kg curcuminoids every other day for 28 days. Group 7 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg/kg for 14 days. Group 8 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg curcuminoids for 28 days. Group 9 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days and left to recover 28 days. Serum and seminal plasma malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were assayed using Spectrophotometry technique. Semen analysis was determined microscopically. Sperm motility and count were significantly reduced, acrosome defect and percent abnormal sperm morphology were increased among the positive control group when compared with negative control group (p&lt;0.05). Serum GPX, GSH, and SOD, semen GPx , GSH and SOD were significantly reduced (p&lt;0.001), while MDA was significantly increased (p&lt;0.001) in CdCl2 administered rats than negative control. The supplementation of Curcumins resulted in the improvement of sperm quality indices in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin supplementation may significantly reverse the adverse effects of cadmium chloride testicular injury.

Coenzyme Q10 improves the quality and invitro fertility of post-thawed buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) semen via its antioxidative effect.

This study aimed to determine the effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the freezing medium on functional and oxidative stress parameters and invitro fertilization (IVF) rate of buffalo sperm. Collected samples were relocated to the laboratory for initial evaluation, gentle dilution in extenders, cooling (4°C, 2 h), equilibration (4°C, 4 h), packaging (straws, 0.5 mL), programmable freezing, and thawing (37°C, 30 s). Statistical analysis depicted that adding CoQ10 (100 μM) in a freezing medium caused a significant augmentation in total motility (%), average path, and straight-line velocities (μm/sec) of buffalo sperm than control. Adding CoQ10 (100 μM) improved sperm progressive motility, rapid velocity, and functional parameters (%) compared to the control and 10 μM of CoQ10. Moreover, CoQ10 in a freezing medium caused a significant augmentation in seminal plasma catalase (U/mL) and glutathione reductase (GSH; nmol/109 ) at 100 μM than control and other treatments. CoQ10 inclusion (100 μM) ameliorates seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (U/mL), glutathione-S-transferase (GST; nmol/mL/min) fructose (μg/mL), and ATP (nmol/million) than control. Furthermore, CoQ10 at 100 μM improved seminal plasma glutathione peroxidase (μM) levels than control, 10 μM, and 20 μM. Lastly, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2; nM) production was significantly lower at 100 μM than at control and 10 μM. CoQ10 (100 μM) caused a significant augmentation in the un-capacitated pattern followed by a reduction in the capacitated pattern, and apoptosis-like changes (%) than control, and other treatments, whereas viability was increased than control and other treatments. CoQ10 (100 μM) significantly improved the IVF rate in comparison with control, CoQ10 at 10 μM, and 20 μM groups. In conclusion, the addition of CoQ10 (100 μM) in the freezing medium can improve the quality and invitro fertility of post-thawed buffalo semen via its antioxidative effect. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of CoQ10 on the invivo fertility of buffalo bull semen.

Oxidative Stress Induced by Chemotherapy: Evaluation of Glutathione and Its Related Antioxidant Enzyme Dynamics in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

One of the mechanisms of chemotherapy is to increase the oxidative stress of cancer cells, leading to their apoptosis. Glutathione (GSH) and its related antioxidant enzymes might be stimulated to cope with increased oxidative stress during chemotherapy. Here, we studied the fluctuation in oxidative stress and GSH-related antioxidant capacities before tumor resection, after tumor resection, and after resection either with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This was a cross-sectional and follow-up design. We followed patients before having tumor resection (pre-resection), one month after tumor resection (post-resection), and after the first scheduled chemotherapy (post-chemo). If patients were required to receive chemotherapy after tumor resection, they were assigned to the chemotherapy group. Eligible patients were scheduled to undergo six to twelve cycles of chemotherapy at 2-week intervals and received single, double, or triple chemotherapeutic drugs as required. Those patients who did not require chemotherapy were assigned to the non-chemotherapy group. Indicators of oxidative stress and GSH-related antioxidant capacities were determined at the above three time points. We found in 48 patients of the chemotherapy group and in 43 patients of the non-chemotherapy group different fluctuations in levels of oxidative stress indicators and GSH-related antioxidant capacities starting from pre-resection, post-resection through the post-chemo period. Both groups showed significantly or slightly increased levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), GSH, and its related enzymes in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Patients in the chemotherapy group had significantly lower plasma levels of GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), but had significantly higher plasma glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities than patients in the non-chemotherapy group post-chemo. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde and AOPP were positively or negatively associated with GSH and GSSG levels post-chemo after adjustment for age, sex, and histological grading in patients receiving chemotherapy. These significant associations were, however, not seen in patients without chemotherapy. Patients with CRC may require higher GSH demands to cope with a greater oxidative stress resulting from chemotherapy.

Indicators of LPO and Antioxidant Protection in Rats During Long-Term Restriction of Motor Activity.

This article presents a comprehensive study of the parameters of LPO (concentrations of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and intensity of chemiluminescence) and antioxidant defense (concentrations of α-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, total antioxidant activity, antiradical activity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in blood plasma and erythrocytes of white male rats during restriction of motor activity up to 28 days. The patterns of changes in oxidative balance in hypokinesia in the form of intensification of LPO processes against the background of depletion of resources of antioxidant defense with maximum manifestation on days 14-21 of the experiment were revealed.

The effects of different light spectrum on some oxidative stress parameters in male and female rats

The objective of this study was to investigate oxidative stress parameters in plasma, liver, and brain of Sprague Dawley rats grown under a compact fluorescent lamp with purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, and white. For this purpose, 56 male and 56 female rats were housed in standard cages under seven different light colors from weaning until puberty. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in plasma, liver, and brain were examined as oxidative stress parameters. Two factors which are gender and light were investigated regarding the main effects by Two-way ANOVA with the General Linear Model procedure. The different light spectrums had a significant impact on MDA, GSH and, GPx of plasma, liver, and brain (P&lt;0.05). The red group resulted the highest in plasma, liver, and brain MDA. In addition, some of the examined parameters were different for the gender basis. The plasma GSH, the liver MDA, the liver and brain GPx were different in male and female rats (P&lt;0.05). Only the liver GPx enzyme activity was higher in male rats, the other parameters in the female rats had a higher value. In conclusion, low-wavelength lights may be more useful for rats’ environments when compared to high wavelengths in manner oxidative stress. However, illumination is not the sole phenomenon for raising animals. Environmental demands may vary from time to time and even according to gender. Moreover, it may be useful for studies to be conducted by considering other lighting factors such as intensity and cycle.

Trace Elements Status and Their Associations With Related Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

It remains ambiguous as to whether the status of trace elements would affect their related enzyme activities towards defending a possible higher oxidative stress in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD) treatment. We investigated copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) status in patients receiving PD or HD treatments, and further determine the association of these trace elements with their related antioxidant capacities in those patients. Sixty PD and 80 HD patients before and after HD treatment had their blood drawn. Demographic, clinical, and 24-hour diet recall data were recorded and collected. Plasma trace elements, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Patients receiving PD or HD treatments experienced similar Zn and Cu intakes. PD and HD patients displayed adequate mean plasma Cu, Zn, and Se levels. Patients receiving PD treatment showed significantly higher levels of Cu, Zn, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and SOD activity, but had significantly lower levels of Se and total antioxidant capacity when compared to levels in the HD patients at the pre-HD session. The levels of 3 trace elements and AOPP increased significantly, while the levels of glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GPx and SOD activities decreased significantly after receiving HD treatment than did the levels in the pre-HD session. Plasma Gu, Se, and Zn levels had a different correlation with plasma AOPP level, GPx, and SOD activities during PD, pre- or post-HD sessions. Plasma Cu, Zn, and Se levels did not have any association with their associated enzyme activities in patients with PD, while plasma Cu and Zn levels may have influenced SOD activity in HD patients. An adequate Cu, Zn, and Se status is required in order to help their associated enzyme activity cope with increased oxidative stress during PD or HD sessions.

Studying the impacts of maternal B complex vitamin injection on performance, metabolic diseases, hematological parameters, and antioxidant status in pregnant Sannen goats and their newborn kids during the transition period

B vitamins improve animal performance through promote a wide range of metabolic pathways in animals as cofactors. Therefore, the impact of B-complex vitamin injection on performance, metabolic diseases, hematological parameters, and antioxidant status in pregnant Sannen goats and their newborn kids during the transition period was investigated. The pregnant goats (3 years old) were randomly divided into two groups: control (No B complex vitamins injection) and B complex vitamins (5 ml B complex vitamins injection per animal). B complex vitamins were injected twice intramuscularly into goats, according to the manufacturer's recommendation, during five- and three-weeks prior kidding. To determine the dry matter intake, feed samples were prepared. Also, metabolic diseases in goats and their offspring were recorded during the study. Blood samples of goats and newborn kids were taken seven days after parturition and measured for B vitamins concentrations, as well as hematological and antioxidant parameters. According to the results, the performance (body weight and dry matter intake) of goats and kids improved in B-complex vitamins group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, metabolic diseases were reduced in the goats and their offspring treated with B complex vitamins compared to the control group during the transition period (P < 0.05). The levels of cobalamin, pyridoxine, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic, pantothenic, and unconjugated pteridine increased in the plasma of goats and their children by maternal B complex injection than in the control group during the transition period (P < 0.05). Higher (P < 0.05) levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in goats' plasma, as well as red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in kids' plasma treated with B complex vitamins than the control group, were observed (P < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal Bcomplex vitamin injection is required for the improvement of performance, hematological status, and antioxidant status in pregnant goats and their kids.

Baseline and recurrent exposure to the standard dose of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) induces oxidative stress and liver damage in mice (BALB/c)

BackgroundIn malaria-endemic countries, repeated intake of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is rampant and driven by drug resistance, improper usage, and easy accessibility. Stress effects and potential liver toxicity due to the frequent therapeutic use of ACTs have not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the effects of repeated treatment with standard doses of the commonly used ACTs artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) and artesunate-amodiaquine (A/A) on oxidative stress and liver function markers in male mice (BALB/c).MethodsForty Five mice were divided into three groups: control, A/L, and A/A. The drugs were administered three days in a row per week, and the regimen was repeated every two weeks for a total of six cycles. The levels of oxidative stress and liver function markers were measured in both plasma and liver tissue after initial (baseline) and repeated exposures for the second, third, and sixth cycles.ResultsExposure to A/L or A/A caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels after the first and repeated exposure periods. However, Hepatic MDA levels increased significantly (p < 0.01) only after the sixth exposure to A/A. Following either single or repeated exposure to A/L or A/A, plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities, plasma aspartate and alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activity, and bilirubin levels increased, whereas total plasma protein levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Varying degrees of hepatocyte degeneration and blood vessel congestion were observed in liver tissues after a single or repeated treatment period.ConclusionIrrespective of single or repeated exposure to therapeutic doses of A/L or A/A, plasma oxidative stress and liver damage were observed. However, long-term repeated A/A exposure can led to hepatic stress. Compensatory processes involving GPx and CAT activities may help reduce the observed stress.

The Role Of Bee-Propolis As Antioxidants On Antioxidant Enzymes Inmale Rabbits

Propolis has been reported to be important antioxidantThe biological effects exhibited by propolis could be related to an overall effect of the phenolic compounds present in propolis (flavonol galangin; hydroxycinnamic acids, caffeic acid, p-cumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester Rabbits were orally given propolis (50 mg/kg bw) was given alone. The tested doses were given to rabbits every day for 12 weeks. The effects of propolis on plasma and testes homogenates thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidant enzyme glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S- transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities Treatment with propolis caused significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme GSH, GPx, GST, SOD and CAT in plasma and testes homogenates compared to control. While, propolis caused a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in blood plasma and testes homogenates TBARS as compared with control.

Effects of Kudzu Root on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are strictly connected, and both perform an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of kudzu root against oxidative stress and inflammation in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM animal model. Methods: DM was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg body weight). The kudzu root (100 mg/kg BW) was administered orally after 1 week of STZ administration in diabetic animals (for 6 weeks). Results: The diabetic animals exhibited a significant increase in fasting blood glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels. However, they exhibited a significant decrease in plasma insulin level, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Administration of kudzu root to diabetic animals reversed these effects. Conclusion: The current study indicated that kudzu root has potent antidiabetic properties, likely through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in the STZ-diabetic rat model.

Effects of sea-buckthorn flavonoids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and plasma antioxidant capacity of finishing lambs

Sea-buckthorn flavonoids (SFs) are a type of natural antioxidants that have attracted considerable attention because of their extensive biological functions and regulatory effects on animal physiology. This study evaluated the effects of dietary SFs supplementation on growth performance traits, apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and antioxidant capacity of finishing lambs. In total, forty-eight 1/2 Dorper (♂) × 1/2 Small thin-tailed (♀) crossed male lambs (body weight = 22.5 ± 1.33 kg, mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups (n = 12 lambs/group): basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 1.0 (LSFs), 3.0 (MSFs), and 5.0 (HSFs) g SFs/kg diet (dry matter basis). After 60 days of feeding experiment, six lambs were randomly selected from each group for 10 days of digestion and metabolism experiment. The results showed that lambs in the MSFs group had significantly higher ADG than those in CON group (P < 0.05), and both LSFs and MSFs group had higher DMI than the other groups (P < 0.05). The digestibility of DM in MSFs group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P < 0.05), and the digestibility of OM and NDF was also higher than that in CON and HSFs group (P < 0.05). The urinary nitrogen excretion of lambs in MSFs and HSFs groups was lower than that in CON and LSFs groups, therefore, the dietary nitrogen retention was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Rumen fermentation results showed that acetate and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations in MSFs and HSFs groups were higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05), and the microbial proteins (MCP) yield in MSFs group was also significantly increased compare with the CON group. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma of lambs in MSFs and HSFs groups were significantly increased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Therefore, SFs are beneficial for growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity in lambs and could be used as a natural feed additive in lamb production.

Effect of Different Warm-Up Durations on the Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Anaerobic Exercise in Amateur Handball Players

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three warm-up durations on post-exercise oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as recovery from the Wingate test in 14 amateur handball players. These players completed the Wingate test three times: after 5 min, after 10 min, and then after 15 min of warm-up, spread over 2 weeks with an interval of 1 week between each session. At the end of each session of the Wingate test, blood samples were taken: at rest (PR), after warming up (PWU) and immediately at the end of the test (P0), then after 10-min (P10) and after 20-min (P20) of recovery. The measured parameters are the total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein-bound-carbonyls (PCs) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs). The main findings revealed that anaerobic exercise induces oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in antioxidant status and significant increases in concentrations of the majority of oxidative stress indicators (p &lt; 0.05). At P20, plasma GPx, SOD, GR, TBARSs, and PC contents, are lower and significantly different after a 15-min warm-up than after a 10-min or 5-min warm-up. ANOVA showed a significant ”warm-up × recovery” effect on plasma GPx, SOD, GR, TBARSs, and PC contents [F(8.104) = 3.61; p &lt; 0.001; η2p = 0.22, F(8.104): from 1.88 to 19.97; η2p: from 0.19 to 0.61: 0.05 &lt; p &lt; 0.001], respectively. We concluded that a 15-min warm-up was more efficient than the other duration in reducing a free radical rise, emphasizing the importance of the warm-up length on plasma oxidative stress biomarkers.

Effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and curcumin on growth, hematology, immunity, and antioxidant status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The use of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and curcumin as immunostimulants is a promising method in fish culture. This study evaluated the impacts of dietary ginger extract and curcumin on growth, hematology, immune and antioxidant status, and expression of some growth and immune related genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish (7.5 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks (30 fish per tank), divided into four treatments in triplicate and received no supplementation (control) and diets supplemented with 0.5% ginger extract (ginger treatment), 0.5% curcumin (curcumin treatment), and 0.5% ginger extract plus 0.5% curcumin (mix treatment). The growth of fish and muscle crude protein content were highest in the mix treatment. Higher protein efficiency ratio, hemoglobin, and plasma ALP activity were observed in fish fed supplemented diets than the control. Red blood cells (RBC) counts and hematocrit value were higher in the ginger treatment, then curcumin and mix treatments and lower in the control. White blood cells (WBC) counts and plasma lysozyme, ACH50, catalase, and SOD activities were highest in fish fed the mix diet. Moreover, plasma C4 value and GPx activity were significantly higher and triglyceride value was lower in the curcumin and mix treatments compared to the control and ginger treatments. The highest plasma C3 and total immunoglobulin (Ig) values were found in fish fed curcumin and mix diets, but those were not significantly different from the ginger treatment. Growth hormone (GH) and lysozyme relative expression levels were highest in fish fed the mix diet and lowest in the control. Thus, the combination of 0.5% ginger extract and 0.5% curcumin (mix diet) to improve growth, body composition, hematology, immune responses, and antioxidant status in rainbow trout can be recommended.

Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between plasma lipid metabolites and oxidative stress in AD patients is poorly understood. This study was to identify markers that distinguish AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from NC, and to reveal potential links between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress. We performed non-targeted lipid metabolism analysis of plasma from patients with AD, aMCI, and NC using LC-MS/MS. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed. We found significant differences in lipid metabolism between patients with AD and aMCI compared to those in NC. AD severity is associated with lipid metabolites, especially TG (18:0_16:0_18:0) + NH4, TG (18:0_16:0_16:0) + NH4, LPC(16:1e)-CH3, and PE (20:0_20:4)-H. SPH (d16:0) + H, SPH (d18:1) + H, and SPH (d18:0) + H were high-performance markers to distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. The AUC of three SPHs combined to predict AD was 0.990, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.949 and 1, respectively; the AUC of three SPHs combined to predict aMCI was 0.934, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.900, 0.981, respectively. Plasma MDA concentrations were higher in the AD group than in the NC group (p = 0.003), whereas plasma SOD levels were lower in the AD (p < 0.001) and aMCI (p = 0.045) groups than in NC, and GSH-Px activity were higher in the AD group than in the aMCI group (p = 0.007). In addition, lipid metabolites and oxidative stress are widely associated. In conclusion, this study distinguished serum lipid metabolism in AD, aMCI, and NC subjects, highlighting that the three SPHs can distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. Additionally, AD patients showed elevated oxidative stress, and there are complex interactions between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress.

The effect of replacing sodium selenite with selenium-chitosan in laying hens on production performance, egg quality, egg selenium concentration, microbial population, immunological response, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid composition

The purpose of this study was to investigate into the effects of Se-chitosan and Na selenite supplementation on laying hen production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, microbial population, immunological response, antioxidant enzymes activity, and yolk fatty acid profile. Using a 2×2 factorial design, 168 27-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups and 7 replications. Se source (Na selenite and Se-chitosan) and Se level (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) were used as treatments. Se-chitosan enhanced egg production percentage and egg mass (P < 0.05) when compared with Na selenite. There was an interaction, with 0.6 mg Se-chitosan/kg causing an increase in albumen height, Haugh unit, albumen index, and shell thickness of fresh eggs (P < 0.05). Se-chitosan increased yolk share, yolk color, and shape index of fresh eggs and shape index, albumen index, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color, shell thickness, and specific gravity of stored eggs (P < 0.05). The interaction showed that, 0.6 mg Se-chitosan/kg increased albumen Se concentration and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in fresh egg yolk compared with 0.3 and 0.6 mg Na selenite/kg (P < 0.05). When compared with Na selenite, Se-chitosan increased the Se concentration in the yolk and decreased level of MDA in stored egg yolk (P < 0.01). When compared with Na selenite, Se-chitosan reduced coliforms (P < 0.01), increased lactic acid bacteria, and the lactic acid bacteria/coliform ratio (P < 0.05). Se-chitosan supplementation increased antibody response to sheep red blood cells and IgM titers and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plasma (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with Na selenite, supplementing diets with Se-chitosan decreased ∑ n-6 PUFA/∑ n-3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Se-chitosan supplementation of laying hen feed improved production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, yolk lipid oxidation, microbial population, immune response, antioxidant enzymes activity, and yolk fatty acid profile, with 0.6 mg Se-chitosan/kg supplementation being optimal.

Decreased GPX3 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with increasing mortality. In this study, we aim to determine the alteration and diagnostic value of GXP3 expression for HBV-related HCC. We recruited 243 subjects, including 132 HBV-related HCC patients, 78 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs). The mRNA level of GPX3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The GPX3 plasma level was detected by ELISA. The GPX3 mRNA level was significantly decreased in HBV-related HCC patients compared with in CHB patients and HCs (p<0.05). The plasma GPX3 level was significantly lower in patients with HBV-related HCC than in CHB patients and HCs (p<0.05). In the HCC subgroup, the GPX3 mRNA level was significantly lower in patients with positive HBeAg, ascites, advanced stage and poor differentiation compared with in the other groups (p<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to estimate the diagnostic value of the GPX3 mRNA level for HBV-related HCC. The GPX3 mRNA level showed a significantly better diagnostic ability compared with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (area under the curve 0.769 vs 0.658, p<0.001). A decreased GPX3 mRNA level might be a potential non-invasive biomarker for HBV-related HCC. It showed better diagnostic ability than AFP.