Plasma Fibrinogen In Patients Research Articles

Prognostic value of preoperative platelet-related parameters and plasma fibrinogen in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Aim: To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV/lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR), MPV/platelet count ratio and plasma fibrinogen in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Methods: A total of371 patients who underwent TURBT were enrolled. The main end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: MPVLR, tumor size, tumor number and pathological grade were independent risk factors for postoperative DFS. Age and pathological grade were independent risk factors for postoperative OS. Conclusion: MPVLR is an independent risk factor for DFS in NMIBC patients andcould be used as a parameter to predict postoperative tumor recurrence in patients after TURBT.

A Comparative Study of Xi's Tendon Gangrene (Nonischemic Type of Diabetic Foot) and Gangrene (Diabetic Foot Ischemic Type).

Background Diabetic foot gangrene refers to a lesion in which the tissue of the foot or lower extremities of diabetic patients is damaged, and the cause is the infection of peripheral blood vessels and neuropathy caused by diabetes. Objective To compare the related indexes of blood glucose, inflammation, blood viscosity, and peripheral neuropathy between the nonischemic diabetic foot and ischemic diabetic foot, the same and different characteristics of the two different types of diabetic foot in pathogenesis were discussed and studied. Methods A total of 122 patients with diabetic foot were selected from the Department of Vascular Medicine, Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, including 61 cases of ischemic type and 61 cases of nonischemic type. The differences in blood glucose, inflammation, blood supply, and peripheral neuropathy between the nonischemic diabetic foot and ischemic diabetic foot were compared to explore their different characteristics. Results The blood glucose index, inflammatory index, and plasma fibrinogen in patients with nonischemic diabetic foot were significantly higher than those in patients with ischemic diabetic foot (P < 0.05). The patients with ischemic diabetic foot were higher in age and blood lipid index than those with the nonischemic diabetic foot (P < 0.05), while having no significant difference in platelet count, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and end products of glycation (AGEs). Conclusion The nonischemic diabetic foot is mainly infective necrosis, and the ischemic type is ischemic necrosis. The former occurs in the middle-aged and elderly with good blood supply between 40 and 60 years old, while the latter occurs in the elderly with the severe vascular disease over 60 years old. The blood glucose level of nonischemic patients is significantly higher than that of ischemic patients, but it has little to do with the course of diabetes.

Relationship between Low Density Lipoprotein, Homocysteine and Plasma Fibrinogen in Patients with Recurrent Cerebral Infarction over 65 Years Old

Relationship between Low Density Lipoprotein, Homocysteine and Plasma Fibrinogen in Patients with Recurrent Cerebral Infarction over 65 Years Old

Nitric oxide and fibrinogen in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and their possible relation to cardiovascular damage

Endothelial dysfunction as well as hypercoagulability have been described as the initial triggers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular damage and have been associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHC). The aim of this research was to determine the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), fibrinogen and circulating lipids in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and to correlate these variables with thyrotropin (TSH) concentration to establish their possible association with the development of cardiovascular damage. A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted at the IESS Hospital in Riobamba, Ecuador, in the period from January 2019 to September 2021. Ninety-five subjects were studied (65 patients with CAH and 30 controls). The concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, TSH, free thyroxine, ON and fibrinogen were determined. Results: We found a decrease in the concentration of ON (p&lt;0.001), accompanied by an increase in the concentration of total cholesterol (p&lt;0.0001), LDL cholesterol (p&lt;0.01) and fibrinogen (p&lt;0.0001) in patients with CAH vs. controls. A negative correlation (p&lt;0.0001; r= -0.5020) was observed between TSH and ON and a positive correlation (p&lt;0.0001; r= 5412) between TSH and plasma fibrinogen in patients with CAH. Conclusion: patients with CAH showed a decrease in serum ON levels and an elevation in plasma fibrinogen concentration. Both measurements correlated significantly with TSH concentration. These parameters associated with an increase in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol could favor vascular dysfunction, the development of atherosclerosis and consequent cardiovascular damage.

Assessment Of Factors Of Vascular Wall Damage In Depressive Disorders In Patients With Myocardial Infarction

The study of pathogenetic predictors of the development of anxiety-depressive disorders in myocardial infarction will make it possible to develop ways of their correction, thereby reducing the frequency of complications of the postinfarction period. Clinical studies were based on the examination of 58 patients with MI (mean age 59.2 ± 4.7 years) who were admitted to the cardiological hospital for treatment, and the observation data for them at the stage of rehabilitation. On the basis of the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The first control group consisted of 14 patients with MI without depressive disorders. The second group included 44 age-matched patients who underwent MI with symptoms of anxiety and depression without comorbid cardiovascular pathology. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction was based on the results of clinical examination, ECG changes, laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic data. In order to assess the mental status of the subjects, subjective methods were used: the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) for patients in a somatic hospital and recommended for use in patients with post-infarction period. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in blood plasma were determined by enzyme immunoassay using appropriate test systems. Since fibrinogen is one of the key factors in the blood coagulation process, disorders of which with a tendency to thrombotic changes are one of the central links in the pathogenesis of MI, the level of oxidized fibrinogen with parameters of the functional state of endothelial cells was studied. In the early stages after myocardial infarction, the level of oxidized fibrinogen was 1.7 times higher in the study group compared to the control, although, in general, the level of fibrinogen in the study group was within normal values. In the subsequent periods of the study, the level of oxidized fibrinogen was in high values and, on average, exceeded the control values by 1.64 times. Since one of the key roles in the development of dysfunction and endothelial destruction is assigned to the factors of oxidative stress, a correlation analysis of the relationship between the oxidative modification of fibrinogen and the parameters of endothelial function was carried out. A direct correlation was shown between the level of oxidized fibrinogen and the level of Endothelin-1 (r = 0.78, p &lt;0.01), and a direct correlation with the level of von Willebrand factor (r = 0.365, p &lt;0.01). Linear regression analysis confirmed the associations of oxidized fibrinogen with the indicated parameters of endothelial dysfunction. Based on the results obtained, it can be emphasized that with MI, in patients with developed DS, along with increased oxidative changes in lipids and plasma proteins, there is also a significant oxidative modification of fibrinogen, which does not depend on the concentration of fibrinogen. Oxidized fibrinogen potentiates potentially prothrombogenic changes in the vascular-platelet link of hemostasis, in particular, the acceleration of leukocyte-platelet aggregation. The revealed signs of thrombotic and hypercoagulant hemostasis disorders in patients with MI with depressive disorders, such as signs of endothelial dysfunction, elevated von Willebrand factor levels, are associated with oxidative changes in plasma fibrinogen in patients with MI with the development of DS, have a high diagnostic value.

Is Preoperative Fibrinogen Associated with the Survival Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients? A Multi-centered, Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Study

BackgroundThe prognostic significance of preoperative plasma fibrinogen in patients with operable gastric cancer remains under debate. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of fibrinogen in gastric cancer patients underwent gastrectomy.MethodsA total of 4351 patients with gastric cancer collected from three comprehensive medical centers were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were categorized by minimum P value using X-tile, while the baseline confounders for fibrinogen was balanced through propensity score matching (PSM). The relationships between fibrinogen and other clinicopathologic features were evaluated, and nomogram was constructed to assess its prognostic improvement compared with TNM staging system.ResultsFibrinogen was significantly correlated with macroscopic type, tumor differentiation, tumor size, and T and N stage. The factors, fibrinogen and T stage as well as N stage, were identified to be independent prognostic factors after PSM. Nomogram based on fibrinogen demonstrated a smaller Akaike information criterion (AIC) and a larger concordance index (C-index) than TNM staging system, illustrating that fibrinogen might be able to improve the prognostic accuracy.ConclusionsPreoperative plasma fibrinogen levels in gastric cancer patients were significantly correlated with tumor progression, which could be regarded as a reliable marker for survival prognostic prediction.

Prognostic value of pretreatment plasma fibrinogen in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Growing evidence showed that high pretreatment plasma fibrinogen could be used as a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the conclusions were controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment plasma fibrinogen in patients with CRC.Methods:Relevant studies were searched in the databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up until December 10th, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects.Results:A total of 17 articles with 6863 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that elevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen was significantly associated with both poor overall survival (univariate analysis: HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.47–1.95, P = .000; multivariate analysis: HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.28–1.77, P = .000) and poor disease-free survival (univariate analysis: HR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.49–2.41, P = .000; multivariate analysis: HR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.52–2.86, P = .000) in patients with CRC.Conclusions:High pretreatment plasma fibrinogen level is significantly associated with worse survival outcomes in CRC patients. Plasma fibrinogen may be used as an effective prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. Further studies are required to support these results.

Prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

BackgroundElevated plasma fibrinogen levels have been associated with tumor progression in several malignancies. Our study aims to characterize the clinical significance of elevated plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and methodsRelevant published articles were systematically searched in electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The pooled differences in plasma fibrinogen levels among HCC, cirrhotic, and control groups were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their corresponding 95% CIs. The associations between elevated fibrinogen and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) were expressed as HRs and their 95% CIs, whereas the associations between elevated fibrinogen and various types of clinical characteristic of patients with HCC were expressed as ORs and their corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsResults showed that the plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with HCC were not significantly different than that in healthy controls (WMD = 0.50, 95% CI = [−0.82, 1.82], P = 0.457) or patients with cirrhosis (WMD = −0.62, 95% CI = [−1.56, 0.33], P = 0.200). However, our results showed that compared to those with normal levels, patients with HCC and elevated plasma fibrinogen levels showed poorer OS (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = [1.67, 2.59], P < 0.0001) and DFS/RFS (HR = 1.90, 95% CI = [1.52, 2.37], P < 0.0001). Results of trial sequential analysis of the OS indicated that currently available studies were sufficient to validate the negative prognostic value of elevated plasma fibrinogen in patients with HCC. Clinicopathological analyses showed that high plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with tumor progression as indicated by advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size, increased tumor number, and the presence of vascular invasion.ConclusionElevated plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with poor prognosis and advanced tumor progression. Plasma fibrinogen may serve as a negative prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC.

Prognostic significance of pretreatment plasma fibrinogen in patients with hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas: A meta-analysis.

Background:The high pretreatment plasma fibrinogen has been widely reported to be a possible biomarker for predicting prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic carcinoma (PC), but persuasive conclusion has not been made yet. Thus, we herein conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the prognostic value of high pretreatment plasma fibrinogen in patients with HCC and PC.Method:We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies from inception to November 10, 2017.Results:Finally, a total of 12 publications with 13 studies were included. Of these eligible studies, 5 publications with 6 studies were about pancreatic cancer and 7 were about HCC. The pooled analysis indicated that high plasm fibrinogen level was significantly related to worse overall survival (OS) in HCC [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55–2.24; P < .01]. Similarly, from our result, it was found that high plasm fibrinogen was also significantly associated with worse OS in PC (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.13–2.15; P < .01).Conclusion:Taken together, our meta-analysis confirmed that high plasma fibrinogen level could predict worse survival in HCC and PC.

Prognostic role of plasma fibrinogen in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma \u2013 a multicenter study

Fibrinogen has an important pathophysiological role in tumor cell progression and development of metastases in different types of cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of pre-treatment fibrinogen plasma concentrations as a biomarker for tumor biology and prognosis in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS). Clinical data of patients with ULMS were assessed in this multi-center study Pre-therapeutic fibrinogen plasma concentrations were evaluated. We investigated the association between fibrinogen plasma levels and clinico-pathological parameters and performed univariate and multivariable survival analyses. In total, 70 women with ULMS were included into the analysis. Mean (SD) pre-treatment fibrinogen plasma levels were 480.2 (172.3) mg/dL. Patients with advanced tumor stage, increased tumor size and higher histological grading had higher fibrinogen levels (p = 0.02, p = 0.013, and p = 0.029, respectively). In ULMS patients with increased fibrinogen levels 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 25.0% compared to 52.9% in ULMS patients with normal fibrinogen, respectively. Univariate survival analyses revealed that elevated fibrinogen plasma levels (p = 0.030), advanced tumor stage (p < 0.001) and undifferentiated histology (p = 0.003) showed association with unfavorable OS. In multivariable analysis, histological grade (p = 0.03) and tumor stage (0.02) were independently associated with survival. Elevated fibrinogen plasma levels were associated with aggressive tumor biology and poor prognosis in women with ULMS. Fibrinogen might be useful as a novel biomarker in ULMS.

Maintaining Plasma Fibrinogen Levels and Fibrinogen Replacement Therapies for Treatment of Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Intracranial hemorrhage is characterized by the blood vessel rupture and subsequent hematoma expansion. It is the least treatable stroke subtype, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality per incidence than ischemic stroke. Recent studies have observed lower than normal levels of plasma fibrinogen in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage. Furthermore, in other cases of severe hemorrhage, plasma fibrinogen levels have been identified as an indicator of prognosis. Current clinical management of cerebral hemorrhage includes adjunctive therapies and possible surgical evacuation. However, a possible therapeutic target for intracranial hemorrhage is fibrinogen. During intracranial hemorrhage with hematoma expansion, fibrinogen levels are rapidly depleted and thus are in need of replacement. Maintaining high levels of fibrinogen can promote rapid clotting and reduction of hematoma expansion. Within this review, we examine the role of fibrinogen in intracranial hemorrhage and evaluate the use of fibrinogen replacement therapies for maintaining normal levels of this key hemostatic protein. The pros and cons are discussed and an opinion of the most appropriate fibrinogen replacement therapy for intracranial hemorrhage is made. It is concluded that fibrinogen concentrate seems to be the most suitable therapy for elevating plasma fibrinogen for the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage with hematoma expansion.

Prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen (FIB) level in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 1094 patients treated with PCI in Cardiology Department of the first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,were enrolled in the prospective study from June 2009 through December 2010.In the first 24 hours after admission,patients 'fasting plasma FIB and other relevant clinical data were collected.The patients were followed by calling or in the Out-Patient Department from August,2012 to November,2012.The primary end-point events of PCI were all-cause mortality.The secondary end-point events of PCI included acute myocardial infarction,coronary artery bypass grafting or readmission for angina pectoris,heart failure or stroke.The patients were divided into four groups according to their plasma FIB level:group 1 (PB (FIB) ＜2.95 g/L); group2 (2.95 g/L≤PB (FIB) ＜3.39 g/L); group 3 (3.39 g/L≤PB (FIB) ＜4.01 g/L); and group 4 (PB (FIB) ≥4.01 g/L).The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyse were used to explore factors associated with the prognosis.The survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve.P ＜ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference.Results (1) Nine hundred ninety patients (90.5％) were eventually followed-up.The mean followed-up time was (29.3 ± 4.7) months.One hundred seventy (17.2％) patients had adverse events occurred and 27 patients (2.7％) died.(2) The incidences of total end point events were significantly increased with the increasing plasma FIB level in the four groups (12.2％,14.9％,20.2％,22.8％,x2 =11.937,P =0.008).(3) Multiple regression logistic analysis showed the incidences of total end point events in group 3 were increased by1.611 times (OR =1.611,95％CI:1.075-2.414,P=0.021),and 1.616 times in group 4,compared with group1.(4) Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed there were significant differences in cumulative survival rates without adverse events among the four groups (P =0.02).Conclusions The levels of plasma fasting FIB could be considered as a predictor of adverse events.The way of decreasing FIB levels in patients with ACS after PCI may be an effective approach to the improvement of outcome of patients. Key words: Acute coronary syndrome; Endpoint; Percutaneous coronary intervention ; Fibrinogen ; Acute phase protein; Prognosis; Endpoint events; Major adverse cardiac events; Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention

Prognostic Impact of Pretreatment Plasma Fibrinogen in Patients with Locally Advanced Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer

BackgroundWe aimed to determine the prognostic significance of pretreatment plasma fibrinigen in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC).MethodsA cohort of 183 patients with locally advanced OOSCC receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy was retrospectively examined. Using ROC curve analysis, a pretreatment plasma fibrinogen cutoff value of 447mg/dL was determined. The primary endpoints were overall survival and recurrence-free survival. A secondary endpoint was to determine whether pretreatment plasma fibrinogen could predict treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier curves were used for survival analyses.ResultsSeventy-one patients had an elevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen (fibrinogen >447mg/dL). Patients with high fibrinogen showed significantly higher pathologic stages after neoadjuvant treatment than those with low fibrinogen (p = 0.037). In univariate analysis, elevated fibrinogen was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.005) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.008) Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated fibrinogen remained an independent risk factor for death (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.09–2.90, p = 0.021) and relapse (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.11–2.86, p = 0.016).ConclusionElevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is associated with lack of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and reduced OS and RFS in patients with OOSCC. Thus, plasma fibrinogen may emerge as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target in OOSCC.

Prognostic role of pretreatment plasma fibrinogen in patients with solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Plasma fibrinogen may be involved in several stages of cancer progression. Clinical studies have demonstrated that pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is associated with poor survival in various cancers. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the prognostic effect of circulating fibrinogen in solid tumors. We searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and meeting proceedings to identify studies assessing the effect of pretreatment plasma fibrinogen on survival of cancer patients. Pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were estimated using random-effects models. Data from 52 observational studies and 15,371 patients were summarized. An elevated baseline plasma fibrinogen was significantly associated with worse OS (pooled HR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.48–1.92). The highest negative effect of elevated plasma fibrinogen on OS was demonstrated in renal cell carcinoma (pooled HR = 2.22), followed by head and neck cancer (pooled HR = 2.02), and colorectal cancer (pooled HR = 1.89). The adverse prognostic impact of high plasma fibrinogen remained in both non-metastatic and metastatic disease and patients of different ethnicity. Patients with high baseline fibrinogen had a significantly shorter DFS (pooled HR = 1.52) and CSS (pooled HR = 2.50). An elevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen significantly correlates with decreased survival in patients with solid tumors. Future clinical trials are warranted to determine whether plasma fibrinogen could be incorporated in cancer staging systems and whether fibrinogen-lowering therapies have a favorable effect on disease recurrence and mortality.

Periprocedural plasma fibrinogen levels and coronary stent outcome

AimPercutaneous intervention is one of the treatment option for coronary artery disease. Reinfarction and restenosis is one of the complication of the procedure. So this study was conducted to assess plasma fibrinogen levels pre- and post coronary stenting and its relation with outcome. MethodsAfter obtaining informed consent, venous blood samples were collected at three timed points in relation to stenting – 24h before, 24h after and 72h after stenting to assess fibrinogen levels. Patients were followed up for six months. Repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction and symptomatic angina were considered as major adverse clinical events. Results57 patients who underwent successful stenting and followed up for six months up were included in the study. Mean age was 53 years and 87.7% were males and 29.8% were diabetics. Baseline plasma fibrinogen level was significantly high in patients who developed repeat angina and myocardial infarction after the stenting [288.64±59.43 vs 393.75±32.97mg/dL, p=0.003] and it remained high during serial assessment [322.74±63.92 vs 422.00±55.28mg/dL, 326.23±65.81 vs 419.50±45.82mg/dL, 0.008, 0.012 respectively]. Patients who developed adverse events denied any drug default. ConclusionWe conclude that plasma fibrinogen plays a significant role in the development of adverse events following stenting shown by high level of plasma fibrinogen in patients who developed adverse events.

An Oral Inhibitor of p38 MAP Kinase Reduces Plasma Fibrinogen in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The aims were to determine the effect of an oral inhibitor of the signaling mediator p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (GW856553, losmapimod) on sputum neutrophils, pulmonary function, and blood biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Three hundred and two individuals with GOLD stage II COPD were randomized to oral losmapimod 7.5 mg twice daily, inhaled salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 50 µg/500 µg combination (SFC), or placebo in a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study (MKI102428/NCT00642148). Neither losmapimod nor SFC had an effect on the primary end point of sputum neutrophils. Losmapimod was well tolerated and reduced plasma fibrinogen by 11% (-0.4 g/L, ratio of effect of losmapimod/placebo 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.96; P = .002) with nonsignificant reductions in interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and C-reactive protein. There was evidence of improvement in hyperinflation with losmapimod compared with placebo (overall P = .02). Inhaled SFC significantly improved lung function and reduced serum CC-16 (ratio of effect of SFC/placebo 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.93; P < .001). It was concluded that oral losmapimod significantly reduced plasma fibrinogen in patients with COPD.

Plasma fibrinogen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without macrovascular disease and its relationship with endothelial function, carotid intima media thickness and dyslipidemia

Plasma fibrinogen is higher in diabetic subjects, but it is not clear whether its levels differ in patients with or without existing macrovascular disease (MVD) and whether it has any relationship with endothelial function as determined by flow mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and lipids. To study plasma fibrinogen levels and their relationship with endothelial functions, CIMT and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular disease, twenty six diabetic subjects and thirteen matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Subjects were divided into group I—with MVD, group II—without MVD and group III—healthy controls. Fasting blood was analyzed and radiological studies were performed. Statistical analysis was done to find any correlation between study parameters. Plasma fibrinogen was significantly higher in diabetic subjects as compared to controls. Plasma fibrinogen was significantly higher in group I as compared to group II. Plasma fibrinogen levels correlated significantly with CIMT and FMD in diabetic subjects. No significant correlation was found between plasma fibrinogen and glycemic parameters, insulin or lipids. Plasma fibrinogen levels increased progressively from controls to diabetic subjects without MVD and to those with MVD and is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects.

Association of Fibrinogen as a Myocardial Infraction Risk Factor in Men

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an irreversible myocardial injury and necrosis caused by serious and long term ischemia. Fibrinogen is considered asone of the probable risk factors of myocardial infarction.Patients and methods: 1.8-mL venous blood specimen from 40 patients with MI and 50 control subjects was obtained and put it into tubes containing 0.2 mol/L trisodium citrate. Plasma fibrinogen level was determined by the method of Clauss (Diagnostic Stago, France).Results The mean age of patients was (45.2 ± 6) years in patients with premature myocardial infarction and (45.06±5) years in the control group (p =0.07). There were no statistically significant relationships between the two groups in history of premature myocardial infarction in their first-degree relatives (p =0.05), cigarette smoking (p =0.06), diabetes (p =0.08), or hypertension (p =0.071). The mean plasma fibrinogen in patients (495 ±10.2mg/dL) was elevated markedly compared with the control group (465±8.4 mg/dl) ( p =0.01) . Hyperfibrinogenemia (&gt;450 mg/dL) was detected in 87.5% of patients and 52.0% of controls.Conclusion: This study introduced fibrinogen as a risk factor for premature coronary artery disease in Iraqi men.

Influencing factors for cerebral microbleeds in patients with acute ischemic stroke

To investigate the relationship between cerebral microbleeds (CMB), cardiovascular risk factors, and plasma fibrinogen in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Sixty-eight patients with acute ischemic stroke from June 2008 to March 2009 were enroued prospectively. All patients received cranial magnetic resonance imaging at the first week, and T2(*)-weighted gradient echo MRI sequence was performed to detect CMB. Plasma fibrinogen, uric acid levels and other biochemical parameters were measured on the next day of admission. All data were selected from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. Among a total 68 patients, 29 (43%) patients had 109 lesions of cerebral microbleeds on gradient-echo MRI. Age, hypertension, fibrinogen and uric acid were significantly associated with the presence of CMB (P = 0.004, 0.024, 0.020, 0.027 respectively). Through a logistic regression analysis, age, hypertension and plasma fibrinogen were significantly associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds [(P = 0.02, OR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.19; P = 0.003, OR = 9.35, 95%CI 2.17 to 40.23; P = 0.019, OR = 1.01, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.02]. There is a high prevalence of CMB in patients with acute ischemic stroke. And it has a strong relationship with high plasma fibrinogen.

Fibrinogen as a risk factor for premature myocardial infarction in Iranian patients: A case control study

Premature myocardial infarction with life-threatening complications may become epidemic in some Asian and African countries and especially Iran. Fibrinogen is considered as one of the probable risk factors of myocardial infarction. The aim of our study was to assess fibrinogen levels as an etiology of premature myocardial infarction in young Iranian men. A case-control study was conducted between May 2005 and May 2007 to investigate the association between serum total fibrinogen level and myocardial infarction in men aged younger than 55 years admitted to the cardiac care units of Peymanieh and Motahari Hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The mean age of patients was 45.2 +/- 4 years in patients with premature myocardial infarction and 47.06 +/- 4.5 years in the control group (p = 0.085). There were no statistically significant relationships between the two groups in history of premature myocardial infarction in their first-degree relatives (p = 0.05), cigarette smoking (p = 0.46), diabetes (p = 0.49), or hypertension (p = 1). The mean plasma fibrinogen in patients (354.9 +/- 60 mg/dL) was elevated markedly compared with the control group (329 +/- 73 mg/dL). Hyperfibrinogenemia (>340 mg/dL) was detected in 81.8% of patients and 57.5% of controls (95% confidence interval, odds ratio = 3.3; p = 0.036). This study introduced fibrinogen as a risk factor for premature coronary artery disease in Iranian men.