Plasma Dielectric Photonic Crystals Research Articles

Newton-ADE-FDTD Method for Oblique Incident Magnetized Time-varying Plasma

In this paper, the Newtonian equation of motion describing the movement of electrons when electromagnetic waves propagate in a magnetized plasma is combined with the traditional auxiliary differential equation finite difference time domain (ADE-FDTD) method. The FDTD iterative formulas of transverse magnetic (TM) wave and transverse electric (TE) wave of the electromagnetic wave obliquely incident on the magnetized time-varying plasma plate are derived. The biggest difference between this method and the ordinary ADE-FDTD algorithm is the addition of the logarithmic derivative of the time-varying plasma electron density to calculate the current density, which is called the Newton-ADE-FDTD method. Through Example 1, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic wave incident on the magnetization time-varying plasma plate was calculated, and the correctness of the improved algorithm was verified. At the same time, the Newton-ADE-FDTD algorithm is used to calculate the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves incident on the magnetized plasma-dielectric photonic crystal. The results show that different incident angles have a greater impact on the reflection coefficients of left-handed circularly polarized wave (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarizedwave (RCP).

Electromagnetic wave transmission in hybrid fractal plasma photonic crystals through developing new kinds of productive quasi-periodic multilayers

ABSTRACT In this study, for the first time, we present a new way of producing novel quasi-periodic multilayers based on the multiplication of some primitive available sequences such as Thue–Morse, Fibonacci (of two types N and P), Cantor, and constant length square sets. We also present some pseudo-codes to create these multilayers. Using a one-dimensional transfer matrix method, we obtain the transmission coefficient for some plasma-dielectric photonic crystals. Although, employing the above-mentioned approach many new sequences may be obtained, but for conciseness purpose, we analyze the photonic band gaps of a limited number of multilayers obtained in this way. We consider the effect of the number of layers, the refractive index of the dielectric later, multiplication of different fractal sets, etc., on the electromagnetic wave transport properties.

Optical filters based on fixed length Thue–Morse plasma-dielectric photonic band multilayers: Comparing two, three, and four materials systems

In this paper, we study the optical filtering properties of plasma-dielectric photonic crystals based on Thue–Morse multilayers. The method of generating the Thue–Morse sequence used in the current paper is different from that used in the available literature. We fix the total multi-material system length and use two, three, and four alternative layers of materials with different refractive indices to study the optical transmission properties of a few proposed structures. We also use plasma layers to have more tunable bandgaps. We employ the transfer matrix method to do our numerical calculations. We change the geometrical parameters, the number of layers, the arrangement of the layers, material refractive indices, and plasma properties and extract their effects on the bandgap behavior. We determine the tunability of the proposed structures to facilitate the selection of the one with desired filtering properties. However, understanding the tunability of our systems can facilitate the devising of optical devices such as an optical filter.

Realization of tunable TE/TM wave splitter with one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystal

A tunable transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) wave splitter using one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystal which consists of plasma arranged periodically in a host dielectric medium is proposed. We performed a detailed study to explore the phenomena of reflection and transmission that occurs on obliquely incident electromagnetic wave propagating in the proposed plasma dielectric photonic crystal. We exactly calculated the transmittance based on the transfer matrix method. We find that if the parameters are selected appropriately, in the TE-stop or TM-stop frequency region, the other polarized component TM or TE wave is totally transmitted. The results also show that the dielectric constant, plasma thickness, incident angle and the applied magnetic field have significantly changed the properties of the TE/TM wave splitter. Moreover, the external magnetic field can be used as a kind of tunable method once the splitter is fabricated. Parameter dependence of the effects for the TE/TM wave splitter is calculated and discussed.

Analyzing the photonic band gaps in two-dimensional plasma photonic crystals with fractal Sierpinski gasket structure based on the Monte Carlo method

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) in two types of two-dimensional plasma-dielectric photonic crystals (2D PPCs) under a transverse-magnetic (TM) wave are theoretically investigated by a modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method where Monte Carlo method is introduced. The proposed PWE method can be used to calculate the band structures of 2D PPCs which possess arbitrary-shaped filler and any lattice. The efficiency and convergence of the present method are discussed by a numerical example. The configuration of 2D PPCs is the square lattices with fractal Sierpinski gasket structure whose constituents are homogeneous and isotropic. The type-1 PPCs is filled with the dielectric cylinders in the plasma background, while its complementary structure is called type-2 PPCs, in which plasma cylinders behave as the fillers in the dielectric background. The calculated results reveal that the enough accuracy and good convergence can be obtained, if the number of random sampling points of Monte Carlo method is large enough. The band structures of two types of PPCs with different fractal orders of Sierpinski gasket structure also are theoretically computed for a comparison. It is demonstrate that the PBGs in higher frequency region are more easily produced in the type-1 PPCs rather than in the type-2 PPCs. Sierpinski gasket structure introduced in the 2D PPCs leads to a larger cutoff frequency, enhances and induces more PBGs in high frequency region. The effects of configurational parameters of two types of PPCs on the PBGs are also investigated in detail. The results show that the PBGs of the PPCs can be easily manipulated by tuning those parameters. The present type-1 PPCs are more suitable to design the tunable compacted devices.

Investigating anisotropic photonic band gaps in three-dimensional plasma photonic crystals with simple-cubic lattices doped by the uniaxial material

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) composed of anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) spheres in homogeneous unmagnetized plasma background with simple-cubic (sc) lattices are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion method. The equations for calculating the anisotropic PBGs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The influences of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, and plasma frequency on the characteristics of anisotropic PBGs for the three-dimensional PPCs are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in sc lattices and the complete PBGs can be found compared to the conventional three-dimensional PPCs doped by the isotropic material. It also is shown that the anisotropic PBGs can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extrordinary-refractive index, filling factor, and plasma frequency, respectively. Introducing the uniaxial material into three-dimensional plasma-dielectric photonic crystals can enlarge the PBGs and also provide a way to obtain the complete PBGs as the three-dimensional PPCs with high symmetry.

Enlarged omnidirectional photonic band gap in one-dimensional ternary plasma photonic crystals based on a new Thue–Morse aperiodic structure

In this paper, an omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) realized by one-dimensional ternary non-magnetized plasma dielectric photonic crystals (PPCs) based on a new Thue–Morse aperiodic structure, is studied by the transfer matrix method. From the numerical results, the OBG can be enlarged by manipulating the plasma thickness and density, but ceases to change with increasing Thue–Morse order. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the OBG. It is clear that such new one-dimensional ternary PPCs have a superior feature in the enhancement of OBG compared with the conventional ternary and conventional ternary Thue–Morse aperiodic PPCs.

Negative refraction in one- and two-dimensional lossless plasma dielectric photonic crystals

Negative refraction in one- and two-dimensional lossless plasma dielectric photonic crystals consisting of plasma and background materials is theoretically investigated and the necessary conditions for negative refraction in these two structures are obtained. The critical frequency ω0 and the bandwidth Δω for negative refraction are explored, and the parameter dependence of effects such as plasma filling factor and the dielectric constant of background materials is also examined and discussed.

The Voigt effects in the anisotropic photonic band gaps of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals doped by the uniaxial material

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) spheres immersed in homogeneous magnetized plasma background with simple-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as the Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic PBGs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBGs and two flatband regions can be obtained. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency on the characteristics of anisotropic PBGs for the three-dimensional MPPCs are studied in detail and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in simple-cubic lattices and the complete PBGs can be found compared to the conventional three-dimensional MPPCs doped by the isotropic material. The bandwidths of PBGs can be enlarged by introducing the magnetized plasma into three-dimensional PCs containing the uniaxial material. It is also shown that the anisotropic PBGs can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency. The locations of flatband regions cannot be tuned by any parameters except for the plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency. Introducing the uniaxial material in three-dimensional magnetized plasma-dielectric photonic crystals can enlarge the PBGs and also provide a way to obtain the complete PBGs as the three-dimensional MPPCs with high symmetry.

Enlargement of the omnidirectional photonic band gap by one-dimensional plasma-dielectric photonic crystals with fractal structure

In this paper, an omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) which originates from Bragg gap compared to \(\text{ zero- }\overline{n}\) gap or single negative (negative permittivity or negative permeability) gap, realized by one-dimensional plasma-dielectric photonic crystals with fractal structure (Thue–Mores aperiodic structure), which is composed of plasma and one kind of homogeneous, isotropic dielectric is theoretically studied by the transfer matrix method in detail. Such OBG is insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization of electromagnetic wave. From the numerical results, the bandwidth and central frequency of OBG can be notably enlarged by tuning the thickness of plasma and dielectric layers but cease to change with increasing the Thue–Mores order. The OBG also can be manipulated by the plasma density. Moreover, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the bandwidth of OBG.

Band structure, group velocity, effective group index and effective phase index of one dimensional plasma photonic crystal

In this present communication, we study the reflection behavior of electromagnetic in one-dimensional photonic crystal of electromagnetic waves in microwave region of electromagnetic spectrum. The Plasma Photonic Crystal structure is composed of alternate layers of thin micro-plasma and dielectric material electromagnetic (EM) spectrum in one-dimensional Plasma Photonic Crystals (PPCs). In order to obtain the characteristic equation (dispersion relation), we have solved the Maxwell scalar wave equation. Beside this we study the anomalous behavior of group velocity and effective index of refraction of PPCs in microwave region. We have adopted Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) for calculating reflectance and dispersion relation of PPCs. In order to calculate the expression for effective refractive index inside the PPCs structure we have used the concept of the group velocity instead of phase velocity.In this communication we studied the reflection properties of plasma dielectric photonic crystal such photonic band gap materials are used to make a filter. Anomalous group velocity, effective group index and effective phase index in such plasma photonic crystal with variation of plasma density as well as plasma width.

Omni-directional reflection bands in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals

In this paper the omni-directional reflection bands in one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal (PPC) have been studied theoretically. We present the study of plasma photonic crystal, having alternate regions of plasma⿿dielectric (Al2O3 or ZnS). Reflectances from this periodic multilayered structure in TE- and TM-modes are calculated for different angles of incidence in microwave region for omni-directional reflection bands. The reflectance is obtained by solving a Maxwell's equation using a translational matrix method. In addition to this, we have also studied the effect of variation of plasma width as well as plasma density on the reflection properties of plasma dielectric photonic crystal in TE- and TM-modes. The study of reflectance bands of such plasma photonic crystals shows that it can be used as omni-directional reflector.

A Multichannel Filter Based on the Finite Plasma Photonic Crystal

A design of multichannel transmission filter at microwave is proposed. It is based on the use of the finite plasma photonic crystal operating at frequency below the plasma frequency. We consider a design structures of (AB)qA, where A is the dielectric material, B is the plasma layer, and q is the number of periods. It is found that the number of channels is equal to q-1. We show that the locations such multiple channels are in the pass band of the infinite plasma-dielectric photonic crystal. The idea of such design is thus to engineer the photonic pass band, which is fundamentally different from the usual design by engineering the photonic stop band like the multilayer Fabry-Perot transmission filter. The physical mechanism of multiple channels is also discussed.

Properties of omnidirectional photonic band gap in one-dimensional staggered plasma photonic crystals

In this paper, the properties of the omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) realized by one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) with a staggered structure which is composed of plasma and isotropic dielectric layer have been theoretically studied by the transfer matrix method (TMM). From the numerical results, it has been shown that such OBG is insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization of electromagnetic wave (EM wave), and the frequency range and central frequency of OBG can be effectively controlled by adjusting the plasma frequency, the average thickness of plasma layer, the average thickness of dielectric layer and staggered parameters, respectively. The frequency range of OBG can be notably enlarged with increasing the plasma frequency, average thickness of plasma layer, respectively. Moreover, the bandwidth of OBG can be narrowed with increasing the average thickness of dielectric layer. Changing staggered parameters of dielectric and plasma layer means that the OBG can be tuned. It is shown that 1D plasma dielectric photonic crystals (PPCs) with such staggered structure have a superior feature in the enhancement of frequency range of OBG compared with the conventional 1D binary PPCs. This kind of OBG has potential applications in filters, microcavities, and fibers, etc.

Some New Band Characteristics in One-Dimensional Plasma Dielectric Photonic Crystals

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals, the superlattice structure consisting of alternating plasma and dielectric materials, is studied theoretically for oblique incidence by using the transfer matrix method. Our results show that complete photonic band gaps for all polarizations can be obtained in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals. These structures can exhibit a new type of band or gap, for the incidence other than the normal one, near frequencies where the electric permittivity of the plasma layer changes sign. This new band or gap arises, from the dispersive properties of the plasma layer, only for transverse magnetic polarized waves, and its width increases with the increase in incident angle. This differential behavior under polarization can be utilized in the design of an efficient polarization splitter. The existence of both photonic gaps and resonance transmission bands is demonstrated for experimentally realizable structures such as double electromagnetic barriers.

Zero permittivity band characteristics in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystal

We consider the oblique propagation of electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals, the superlattice structure consisting of alternating plasma and dielectric materials using transfer matrix method. Our results show that photonic band gaps for all polarizations can be obtained in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals. These structures can exhibit a new type of band or gap, for the incidence angles other than normal incidence, near frequencies where the electric permittivity of the plasma layer changes sign. This new band or gap arises, from the dispersive properties of the plasma layer, only for TM polarized waves and its width increases with the increasing angle of incidence. This differential behaviour under polarization can be utilized in the design of an efficient polarization splitter. The band characteristic is affected by the plasma width, the plasma density, dielectric width, the dielectric constant of the dielectric medium and angle of incidence.

Photonic band gap effect in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals, the superlattice structure consisting of alternating plasma and dielectric materials, is studied theoretically using transfer matrix method. Numerical calculation is presented for plasma-air finite and infinite periodic structures. The results of photonic band gap characteristics are discussed in terms of plasma density, plasma width, and number of unit cells ( N).