Plasma Aerodynamics Research Articles

Effect of power supply modes of multi-discharge actuator systems on their electric discharge and gas-dynamic characteristics

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of plasma aerodynamics. Among the main tasks to be solved in this area are an increase in thrust force, induced velocity and efficiency of operation of multi-discharge actuator systems used to control air flows. This work presents the results of experimental studies of the dependencies of the characteristics (thrust force, speed of the created air flow, power consumption) of such systems on the parameters of the power mode (voltage, frequency, pulse front duration) with unipolar high-voltage pulses with a bias voltage and comparison of these characteristics when working with other power modes.

Computational and Experimental Modeling in Magnetoplasma Aerodynamics and High-Speed Gas and Plasma Flows (A Review)

This paper provides an overview of modern research on magnetoplasma methods of influencing gas-dynamic and plasma flows. The main physical mechanisms that control the interaction of plasma discharges with gaseous moving media are indicated. The ways of organizing pulsed energy input, characteristic of plasma aerodynamics, are briefly described: linearly stabilized discharge, magnetoplasma compressor, capillary discharge, laser-microwave action, electron beam action, nanosecond surface barrier discharges, pulsed spark discharges, and nanosecond optical discharges. A description of the physical mechanism of heating the gas-plasma flow at high values of electric fields, which are realized in high-current and nanosecond (ultrafast heating) electric discharges, is performed. Methods for magnetoplasma control of the configuration and gas-dynamic characteristics of shock waves arising in front of promising and advanced aircraft (AA) are described. Approaches to the control of quasi-stationary separated flows, laminar–turbulent transitions, and static and dynamic separation of the boundary layer (for large PA angles of attack) are presented.

Development Trends in Plasma Aerodynamics

Development Trends in Plasma Aerodynamics

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN PLASMA AERODYNAMICS

The most promising areas of research in the field of plasma aerodynamics are proposed. On the basis of the presented experimental data obtained recently, the possibilities of using the volumetric force effect on the gas flow in aerodynamic applications, which is realized with the help of near-surface electric discharges, are considered. One of these applications is to increase the length of the laminar section of the boundary layer on the swept wing in order to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the aircraft in the cruise flight mode. The second direction is associated with the control of the three-dimensional separation of the boundary layer on the elements of the mechanization of the swept wing in the take-off and landing modes. And the third direction is the reduction of surface friction in the turbulent boundary layer, which is realized on most of the surface of modern near- and supersonic aircraft. The proposed studies are not only of applied, but also of fundamental importance due to the physical complexity of the studied phenomena.

Preface

We are pleased to present the Proceedings of 20th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics (WSMPA 2021) which was held in Moscow on May 25 – 27, 2021 at Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS).Every year this Workshop is organized by JIHT RAS under Scientific Council for Direct Energy Conversion, Scientific Council for Fluid Mechanics and Scientific Council for Low Temperature Plasma Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The second year the Workshop took place as online conference (using Zoom) due to covid-19 and therefore quarantine and travel restrictions.The objective of the Workshop is to provide forum for presentation and discussion of recent progress in science and technology on magneto-plasma aerodynamics. Analytical and experimental studies and their results of gas discharge, physics of shock waves, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, MHD energy conversion, physical gas dynamics of high-speed airflows and their applications were presented and discussed the meeting.At the 20th Workshop there were presented 57 works in profiled sections: shock waves, electrical discharges, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, plasma aerodynamics and gasdynamics, and related problems. Oral resentation time including questions was 20 minutes.33 selected articles are published in this collection of papers and we are grateful to IOP Publishing for cooperation.Valentin Bityurin, Chairman of WSMPA 2021,Tatiana Kuznetsova, Scientific Secretary of WSMPA 2021List of Program Committee and Local Committee are available in this pdf.

Plasma actuation effect on a NACA 4412 airfoil

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effects of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator (PA) qualitatively on aerodynamic characteristics of a 3 D-printed NACA 4412 airfoil model. Design/methodology/approach Airflow visualization study was performed at a Reynolds number of 35,000 in a small-scale open-loop wind tunnel. The effect of plasma actuation on flow separation was compared for the DBD PA with four different electrode configurations at 10°, 20° and 30° angles of attack. Findings Plasma activation may delay the onset of flow separation up to 6° and decreases the boundary layer thickness. The effects of plasma diminish as the angle of attack increases. Streamwise electrode configuration, in which electric wind is produced in a direction perpendicular to the freestream, is more effective in the reattachment of the airflow compared to the spanwise electrode configuration, in which the electric wind and the free stream are in the same direction. Practical implications The Reynolds number is much smaller than that in cruise aircraft conditions; however, the results are promising for low-velocity subsonic airflows such as improving control capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles. Originality/value Superior efficacy of spanwise-generated electric wind over streamwise-generated one is demonstrated at a very low Reynolds number. The results in the plasma aerodynamics literature can be reproduced using ultra-low-cost off-the-shelf components. This is important because high voltage power amplifiers that are frequently encountered in the literature may be prohibitively expensive especially for resource-limited university aerodynamics laboratories.

On entropy generation due to transient MHD radiative free convection with induced magnetic field in a porous medium channel

AbstractThe communication pertains to transient magnetohydrodynamics radiative free convection flow with induced magnetic field in a porous medium channel of width L. The setup is subjected to a uniform magnetic field normal to the channel walls and stands for the induced magnetic field. A Cartesian coordinate system is chosen where x*‐axis is taken along the left channel wall and y*‐axis is normal to it. At the time t* = 0, both the walls and the fluid bear a fixed temperature . At the time t* > 0, that is, the onset of the convection, the temperatures of the walls at y* = 0 and at y* = L are just changed to and , respectively, where < and < . The radiative flux qr in the energy equation is assumed to follow the Rosseland approximation. The Keller‐box method has been invoked to solve the governing system encompassing the momentum, energy, and magnetic field equations. The numerical solution strategy yields velocity and temperature distributions, skin friction, and Nusselt number. The velocity and temperature fields are used to compute entropy. Distributions for entropy and Bejan number are shown graphically through two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D plots and discussed. The central objective of this study is to analyze inherent thermodynamic irreversibility. The study has direct applications in plasma aerodynamics and nuclear engineering control where the magnetic field is used as a tool to control flow and heat characteristics. The present study is novel in terms of the objective of the study and the implicit finite difference solution strategy called the Keller‐box method. From the 2D and 3D plots, it is found that the entropy and Bejan number experience qualitative and quantitative variations for varying Brinkman number, radiation parameter, Darcy number, magnetic Prandtl number, Grashoff number, and time. The skin friction and Nusselt number at the channel walls witness qualitative variations for varying parameters.

Gasdynamic Flow Control by Ultrafast Local Heating in a Strongly Nonequilibrium Pulsed Plasma

—The paper presents a review of modern works on gasdynamic flow control using a highly nonequilibrium pulsed plasma. The main attention is paid to the effects based on ultrafast (on the nanosecond time scale for atmospheric pressure) local gas heating, since, at present, the main successes in controlling high-speed flows by means of gas discharges are associated with this thermal mechanism. Attention is paid to the physical mechanisms responsible for the interaction of the discharge with gas flows. The first part of the review outlines the most popular approaches for pulsed energy deposition in plasma aerodynamics: nanosecond surface barrier discharges, pulsed spark discharges, and femto- and nanosecond optical discharges. The mechanisms of ultrafast heating of air at high electric fields realized in these discharges, as well as during the decay of the discharge plasma, are analyzed separately. The second part of the review gives numerous examples of plasma-assisted control of gasdynamic flows. It considers control of the configuration of shock waves in front of a supersonic object, control of its trajectory, control of quasi-stationary separated flows and layers, control of a laminar–turbulent transition, and control of static and dynamic separation of the boundary layer at high angles of attack, as well as issues of the operation of plasma actuators in different weather conditions and the use of plasma for the de-icing of a flying object.

Preface

We are pleased to present the Proceedings of 19th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics (The Workshop) which was held in Moscow on September 15 – 17, 2020 at Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT).Every year this Workshop is organized by JIHT under Scientific Council for Direct Energy Conversion, Scientific Council for Fluid Mechanics and Scientific Council for Low Temperature Plasma Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This year the Workshop took place as online conference (using Zoom) due to covid-19 and therefore quarantine and travel restrictions.The objective of the Workshop is to provide forum for presentation and discussion of recent progress in science and technology on magneto-plasma aerodynamics. Analytical and experimental studies and their results of gas discharge, physics of shock waves, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, MHD energy conversion, physical gas dynamics of high-speed airflows and their applications were presented and discussed the meeting.At the 19th Workshop there were presented 72 works in profiled sections: shock waves, electrical discharges, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, plasma aerodynamics and gasdynamics, and related problems. Oral resentation time including questions was 20 minutes.The selected articles are published in this collection of papers and we are grateful to IOP Publishing for cooperation.Valentin Bityurin, Chairman of WSMPA 2020,Tatiana Kuznetsova, Scientific Secretary of WSMPA 2020

Microwave power dissipation in a microwave plasma filament

A plasma channel (filament) formed in the electromagnetic field of microwave (MW) radiation shows promise for its application for off-body non-electrode modification of a gas flow (plasma aerodynamics) and in the plasma assisted combustion process. In these problems, the channel is considered as an object that converts the energy of electromagnetic radiation into gas heating. To estimate the total power absorbed in the plasma from above, simple formula is obtained. Numerical calculations in air in the pressure range P = 20-100 Torr based on a simplified 2D model using a fairly complete system of plasma-chemical reactions have shown that the total absorbed power is close to its estimate from above when the plasma channel develops.

Study of the microwave streamer evolution using a new semi-analytical model

A microwave (MW) plasma channel (filament, plasmoid, and plasma dipole) shows promise for its applications for off-body non-electrode modification of a gas flow (plasma aerodynamics) and in the plasma assisted combustion process. A full-scale study of the plasma channel evolution requires a self-consistent solution of Maxwell's equations, plasma chemical kinetics equations, and gasdynamics equations. An attempt is made to develop a simple electrodynamic (based on the solution of Maxwell's equations) “fast” model for studying the evolution of the plasma channel in conjunction with a fairly complete system of plasma chemical reactions. The model is based on a simplifying assumption about the shape of the channel, which converts a 3D problem into a 1D one. The results of numerical calculations in air within the pressure range P = 20–150 Torr are presented. An experimental study of plasmoid development was carried out to verify the predictions of the model. The calculated results agree well with all available experimental data within the pressure range P = 20–150 Torr. The proposed electrodynamic approach made it possible to reveal (i) the mechanism of self-organization during the development of a MW streamer and (ii) the reason for a sharp decrease in the velocity of its elongation, as well as to obtain relations connecting the main characteristics of the streamer (the amplitude of the electric field in the channel and on its heads, the velocity of ionization waves, and the characteristic scale of their fronts). The proposed model will be useful both for estimating the channel parameters and for deciphering the dynamics of radiation scattered by the plasma dipole. The development of such an approach will allow one to study the evolution of multiplasmoid structures of a high-pressure MW discharge.

Preface

XIII International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Mechanics in the Aerospace Industry (AMMAI’2020) http://www.npnj.ru/index_e.htm 6-13 September 2020 Alushta, Russia The Thirteenth International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Mechanics in the Aerospace Industry (AMMAI’2020) will be held on 6-13 September 2020 at Alushta Health and Educational Center, Russia. AMMAI’2020 is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Moscow Aviation Institute and the 100th anniversary of the birth of academician I.F. Obraztsov.The conference deals with the topical issues of the aerospace industry, including methods of applied mathematics and mechanics, as well as computer modeling. The conference focuses on solving the problems associated with modeling the flows of liquid, gas and plasma in combustion chambers, nozzles, jets and flow paths of power plants, as well as the interaction of gas and gas-dust flows with the aircraft surface. The participants of AMMAI’2020 will discuss the numerical methods, computational algorithms and software systems that allow solving problems of general mechanics, mechanics of continuous media and deformable solids, tribology in application to aviation, rocketry and astronautics. Information systems and technologies, in particular, high-performance computing technologies, will be also discussed at the conference.This year the conference was planned to be held on 24-31 May 2020, but due to COVID-19 it was put forward to September 2020. The conference will be organized partially by personal attendance of participants as well as virtually using Internet communication technologies (Zoom, Skype). The conference attendance will be organized in compliance with all sanitary standards and safety requirements. The majority of participants will take part in the Conference virtually. It is worth noting that the option of virtual participation allows expanding significantly the geography and increasing the number of participants. More than 320 participants from different regions of Russian Federation as well as from Asia and Europe will present their reports during the Conference sessions.The conference has already received 194 submissions that were reviewed. Finally, 85 papers were accepted for publication in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. The papers cover the conference topics; they present results of theoretical and experimental studies in such areas as hypersonic aerothermodynamics, combustion, detonation, multiphase flows and heat and mass transfer processes, nonequilibrium processes in nozzles and jets, plasma aerodynamics, rarefied gas flows, interaction of flows with the surface, solid mechanics, tribology. Among the accepted papers, there are some devoted to modern methods of numerical modeling, high performance computing, artificial intelligence algorithms, machine learning and big data processing.The Organizing Committee of AMMAI’2020 acknowledges the financial support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the technical support from Moscow Aviation Institute.We would like to thank reviewers for their time and effort in reviewing the papers, as well as authors, which took into account the reviewers recommendations and improved their papers to insure high quality of the AMMAI’2020 Proceedings.Chair of the AMMAI’2020 Technical Programs Committee: Dr. Natalia SeverinaEditor of AMAI’2020 Conference Proceedings: Anna Bogdan

Numerical simulation of streamer evolution in surface dielectric barrier discharge with electrode-array

Atmospheric pressure surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) may be composed of streamers fast propagating along a dielectric surface in ambient air, producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and inducing a force on the neutral gas, which can find applications, respectively, in plasma medicine and aerodynamics. In this work, a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model was developed to study SDBDs with an electrode-array. Emphasis was placed on the interaction of counter-propagating streamers and discharge uniformity for different applied voltages and geometric configurations of the electrode-array. When two counter-propagating streamers collide, the streamers come to a stop within a certain (ultimate) distance between the streamer heads. Optimizing the applied voltages is a convenient way to improve uniformity, making the streamer heads reach a minimum distance between each other. Shortening the electrode spacing can simultaneously shorten the streamer length and the ultimate distance between streamers. Under certain discharge parameters (such as applied voltage), there exists an optimum electrode spacing maximizing uniformity.

Preface

We are pleased to present the Proceedings of 18th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics (The Workshop) which was held in Moscow on April 09 – 11, 2019 at Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT).Every spring this Workshop is organized by JIHT under Scientific Council for Direct Energy Conversion, Scientific Council for Fluid Mechanics and Scientific Council for Low Temperature Plasma Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.The objective of the Workshop is to provide forum for presentation and discussion of recent progress in science and technology on magneto-plasma aerodynamics. The results of analytical and experimental studies of physics of gas discharge, physics of shock waves, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, MHD energy conversion, physical gas dynamics of high-speed airflows and their applications are discussed at the meeting.At the 18th Workshop there were presented 60 works in plenary and profiled sections: shock waves, electrical discharges, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, plasma aerodynamics, MHD&PA flow control and related problems.In this collection of papers there are published 30 selected articles and we are grateful to IOP Publishing for cooperation.Valentin Bityurin, PhD, DS, Chairman of WSMPA 2019Tatiana Kuznetsova, PhD, Scientific Secretary of WSMPA 2019

XVII International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics

We are proud to present the Proceedings of 17th International Workshop for Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics (The Workshop) which was held in Moscow on April 17 – 19, 2018 at Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT). The Workshop was organized by JIHT under Scientific Council for Direct Energy Conversion, Scientific Council for Fluid Mechanics and Scientific Council for Low Temperature Plasma Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences. The Workshop was sponsored by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR).As in previous years, the objective of the 17th Workshop was to provide forum for presentation and discussion of recent progress in science and technology in magneto-plasma aerodynamics. The results of analytical and experimental studies of MHD energy conversion, physics of gas discharge, physics of shock waves, plasma assisted ignition and combustion, physical gas dynamics of high-speed airflows and their applications were discussed at the meeting.The Workshop was attended by more than 70 registered participants from Russia and United States, 53 oral presentation and 15 posters were presented. There was plenary section and several profiled sections: shock waves, electrical discharges, plasma assisted combustion, plasma aerodynamics, MHD flow control and related problems.This year is special for us because this is the first time when we publish our Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference Series and we are immensely grateful to IOP Publishing for cooperation. Any registered participant who presented an oral or poster presentation in our Workshop could submit a paper for the proceedings. A total of 32 original papers were submitted, of which 27 were eventually accepted for publication after reviewing process.Valentin Bityurin, PhD, DS, chairman and program committee headAnastasia Dobrovolskaya, organizing committee

The International Conference “The Physics of Low Temperature Plasma” (PLTP-2017)

The All-Russian (with international participation) conference “Physics of low-temperature plasma” (PLTP-2017) was held in 5-9 of June in the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan in Kazan on the basis of the Kazan Federal University.The conference was the 16th in a row and continued the glorious tradition of holding such forums started more than half a century ago back in 1966. For a long time the conference was held on the basis of Petrozavodsk University, and since 2014 the tradition to hold this large-scale event has moved to Kazan. The organizing committee of the conference was presented by leading world scientists and specialists in the field of physics and applications of low-temperature plasma.Registered participants, and there were more than 500 of them, represented institutes of RAS, research institutes, Russian and foreign universities and companies producing advanced plasma equipment that is used in many industries.The conference discussed issues related to fundamental research in the physics of low-temperature plasma, as well as a wide range of its application. The work conducted in 8 areas - from “Physics of gas discharges” to “Plasma in the synthesis of nanomaterials.” Particular attention was paid to the plenary reports of leading foreign and Russian researchers.Speakers were academicians and corresponding members of the RAS, professors and doctors of advanced universities in Russia, Europe and the United States.From the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with plenary lectures, Academicians Eduard Son and Oleg Petrov spoke. One of the leading universities in the US and the world, Princeton University, was presented by two scientists: Mikhail Schneider and Andrei Starikovsky. The report of M. Schneider was devoted to the behavior of nanoparticles in an arc discharge plasma, and the speech of Professor A. Starikovski - plasma aerodynamics. Plasma science of France was also represented quite widely: the conference was attended by professors Jacques Amouroux, Jean-Pierre Boeuf, Leanne Pitchford and Ana Lacoste. A large delegation came from Sofia University (Bulgaria). Professors M. Benilov and V. Guerra presented the University of Madeira and Lisbon University (Portugal).As for Russian scientists, many of them are employees of the leading institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, such as the JIHT, TIPS, ITAM SB, JINR and others. Russian university science was represented by participants from the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, MIPT, MEPI, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, TSU, TSPU, etc. Tatarstan universities represented by scientists of KFU, KNITU-KAI and KNITU-KHTI did not stay aside. Also scientists of institutes subordinated to state corporations ROSKOSMOS and ROSATOM took part in the conference.The welcoming and warm atmosphere at the conference made it an excellent platform for exchanging experience and generating new ideas in the field of low-temperature plasma physics.By the decision of the organizing committee, Kazan will be the place of the next conference - PLTP-2020.

14th International Conference on Fluid Control, Measurements and Visualization (FLUCOME 2017)

PrefaceThe 14th International Conference on Fluid Control, Measurements and Visualization (FLUCOME 2017) was hosted by the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering on the campus of the University of Notre Dame, USA, in October 8-12, 2017. This well established Conference was collocated with the Notre Dame Workshop on Plasma-Based Flow Control.The FLUCOME conference was contemplated as a continuation of the previous thirteen meetings. The 1st FLUCOME symposium was organized by Professor Yasuki Nakayama (1916-2016) in Tokyo, Japan (1985). The 2nd symposium was held in Sheffield, UK (1988), the 3rd in San Fransisco, CA, USA (1991), the 4th in Toulouse, France (1994), the 5th in Hayama, Japan (1997), the 6th in Sherbrooke, Canada (2000), the 7th in Sorrento (2003), the 8th in Chengdu, China (2005), the 9th in Tallahassee, FL, USA (2007), the 10th in Moscow, Russia (2009); the 11th in Keelung/Kenting, Taiwan (2011); 12th in Nara, Japan (2013); and the 13th in Doha, Qatar (2015).The scientific program covered a wide range of topics, including Flow/Fluid Control, Flow Measurements, Non-Intrusive Methods, Visualization, Multiphase Flows, etc. The Workshop on Plasma-Based Flow Control (Plasma Aerodynamics) was organized as an entirely invited one-day meeting. Three keynote, fourteen invited and over fifty oral papers were presented during four Conference days. A special session was dedicated to a memory of Professor Nakayama, the FLUCOME founder and an outstanding leader in the international visualization community, who passed away in 2016.This volume of IOP Journal Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering includes 21 selected papers presented in sections “Flow/Fluid Control”, “Measurements”, “Visualization”, and “Multiphase Flow”. We believe these manuscripts well represent the Conference topics and will raise readers’ interest to the area considered.We would like to thank the members of both the International Steering Committee and the Local Organizing Committee, who greatly helped in a challenging process of the meeting organization. We are also pleased to thank the Academic Conferences Office in the University of Notre Dame and the Engineering Communications and Marketing Group in the College of Engineering for their everyday assistance in the Conference preparation. Finally, we are grateful to the College of Engineering and the Institute of Flow Physics and Control for the financial support of FLUCOME 2017.Thomas Corke and Sergey Leonov, FLUCOME 2017 Chairs

Detailed Modeling of Plasmas for Computational Aerodynamics

As demonstrated by Parent, B., et al., (“Electron and Ion Transport Equations in Computational Weakly-Ionized Plasmadynamics,” Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 54, 2014, pp. 51–69), the computational efficiency of the drift-diffusion plasma model can be increased significantly by recasting the equations such that the potential is obtained from Ohm’s law rather than Gauss’s law and by adding source terms to the ion transport equations to ensure that Gauss’s law is satisfied. Not only did doing so reduce the stiffness of the system, leading to faster convergence, but it also resulted in a higher resolution of the converged solution. The combined gains in convergence acceleration and resolution amounted to a hundredfold increase in computational efficiency when simulating nonneutral plasmas with significant quasi-neutral regions. In this paper, it is shown that such a recast of the drift-diffusion model has yet another advantage: its lack of stiffness permits the electron and ion transport equations to be integrated in coupled form along with the Favre-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Test cases relevant to plasma aerodynamics (including nonneutral sheaths, magnetic field effects, and negative ions) demonstrate that the proposed coupled system of equations can be converged in essentially the same number of iterations as that describing nonionized flows while not sacrificing the generality of the drift-diffusion model.

Plasma Aerodynamics: Current Status and Future Directions

Plasma Aerodynamics: Current Status and Future Directions

Studying surface glow discharge for application in plasma aerodynamics

Surface glow discharge in nitrogen between two infinite planar electrodes occurring on the same plane has been studied in the framework of a diffusion-drift model. Based on the results of numerical simulations, the plasma structure of this discharge is analyzed and the possibility of using it in plasma aerodynamics is considered.