Development Of Plantation Forest Research Articles

Exploration and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (FMA) in Sungkai Plants (Peronema canescens Jack) at Various Soil Depths

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) is one of the native species that can be developed in plantation forest development, where almost all soil types can be grown by sungkai because sungkai is one of the leading plant species. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further sungkai cultivation activities to be developed and cultivated. The provision of FMA inoculation in plants to assist growth will be more optimal if using indigenous FMA spores (from the original plant stand). This research aims to explore and identify the types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi found under Sungkai stands and analyze the effect of soil depth on the diversity and abundance of FMA spores under Sungkai stands. This research was conducted in sungkai stands with an area of 1.5 Ha by purposive sampling at a depth of 20-60 cm. Soil samples were taken from 5 points then composited and taken as much as 1 kg and inserted into an airtight plastic bag. The results of identification showed that there were 5 FMA genus in the Sungkai Planting Area, namely Glomus, Acaulospora, Entrospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora. The highest FMA spore density in each research location was found in the location at a depth of 20 cm with an average of 48 spores

Implementation of the Industrial Plantation Forest Development Policy to Increase the Productivity of Industrial Plantation Forests in North Gorontalo Regency

Implementation of the Industrial Plantation Forest Development Policy to Increase the Productivity of Industrial Plantation Forests in North Gorontalo Regency

Changes in the structure and function of soil prokaryotic communities in subalpine Picea asperata plantations

The structural and functional characteristics of soil prokaryotic community are important for maintaining ecosystem functions. In this study, we examined the diversity and compositions, the key drivers, as well as functional characteristics of prokaryotic communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Picea asperata with different stand ages using high-throughput sequencing technique and bioinformatics methods. The results showed that β-diversity of soil prokaryotic communities in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere showed significant differences among different stand ages, but no significant difference between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in the same stand age. In terms of community composition at the phylum level, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Rokubacteria showed an increasing trend with the increases of stand age, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria showed a decreasing trend, but no significant difference was observed between 75 year-old planted forests (PF75) and natural forests (NF). The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Thaumarchaeota in the soil of the 25 year-old planted forests (PF25) were significantly higher than in other planted forests and NF. At the genus level, the relative abundances of RB41, Terrimonas and Acidibacter showed an increasing trend with the increases of stand age, and RB41 and Terrimonas in rhizosphere soil of PF75 were significantly higher than those in NF. Soil properties and vegetation characteristics jointly influenced the structure of soil prokaryotic communities, with herb layer coverage, soil pH, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen as major drivers. The functional characteristics of soil prokaryotic communities were significantly different among different stand ages. The relative abundances of functions involved in carbon and nitrogen cycle, e.g., cellulolysis and nitrification, decreased with the increases of stand age, whereas that of sulfate respiration involved in the sulfur cycle increased. We proposed that the structure and functional characteristics of soil prokaryotic communities could serve as important indicators of the development stages of P. asperata forests. In the later stages of plantation forest development, soil nutrient availability could be improved by mediating phosphorus-dissolving and nitrogen-enhancing microorganisms to maintain the stability of the plantation ecosystem.

Constraints to community empowerment: A study of communities around forests in Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province

The empowerment of village communities around the forest is called the Plants of Life program by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.12/Menlhk-II/2015 concerning Industrial Plantation Forest Development where the community is entitled to 20% of the HTI area. However, this is very contradictory to the community in Pelalawan Regency where empowerment through plants of life still adopts the pattern of giving cash. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the obstacles to empowering communities around the forest in Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. This research uses a type of qualitative research with a case study approach that the author considers can answer the problems faced, namely related to obstacles to community empowerment around the forest. The type of research used is qualitative research with a case study approach. The data analysis techniques used are interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The informants in this study were the village government, community leaders, and the company. The data used consists of primary and secondary data. The results of the discussion show the lack of community ability to change from consumptive patterns to ideal empowerment patterns. Then existing institutions in the village such as teams/cooperatives are unable to accommodate the welfare of the community, as well as regulations that are unable to accommodate empowerment.

PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN HUTAN TANAMAN TERHADAP TATA AIR (STUDI SIMULASI DI DAS CITANDUY HULU) (Effect of Plantation Forest Development on Water System, A Simulation study in Upper Citanduy Watershed)

Plantation forest development was dominated by commercial timber-producing of tree species, coniferous and deciduous. Plantation forest development affects water yield in an area. Research on the effect of plantation forest development on water yield at the watershed scale has not been widely carried out. This study aimed to predict the environmental effect of plantation forests development three groups of commercial timber-producing groups, namely needle-leaf evergreens, broad-leaf deciduous, and broad-leaf evergreens, on water yield at the watershed scale. This research uses the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to assess water yield. Plantations development of needle-leaf evergreens, broad-leaf deciduous and broad-leaf evergreens had no negative effect on water yield. Plantations development of needle-leaf evergreens, contributed maximum water from the base flow and lateral flow in a 60% forest area on a watershed area. A 40% increase in broad-leaf deciduous in the watershed contributes to an increase in water system from surface flow. The results of this study are expected to become a consideration in policy making related to the development of plantation forests at the watershed scale.

Dynamics of plantation forest development and ecosystem carbon storage change in coastal Bangladesh

Plantation forest has an immense potential for significantly contributing to the global carbon cycle for regulating climate change. Assessing the spatio-temporal distribution of plantation forest vegetation by analyzing Landsat land use/land cover (LULC) data can provide a logical basis for developing ecological and environmental policies to effectively manage ecosystem carbon storage in the future. The study aimed at assessing and predicting dynamics of plantation forest development and ecosystem carbon storage change in coastal Bangladesh over 1988–2041 under three future land management scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU), economic development (ED), and ecological protection-afforestation (EPA) by linking CA-Markov and InVEST models. Findings from LULC change analysis revealed that during 1988–2018, plantation forest increased by 984.9 km2 (68.34%) leading to an overall increase in regional carbon storage, of 3.30 Tg C. Over 2018–2041, plantation forest land could be increased by 249.90, 361.24, and 472.14 km2 under the BAU, ED, and EPA scenarios, respectively, that may potentially increase future carbon storage by 0.64 Tg C, 0.91 Tg C, and 3.77 Tg C, respectively. However, the three future land management scenarios may lead to shortages of regional food supply, of 5.96%, 13.69%, and 11.06% respectively. The suitability maps of different LULC types created in this study could be useful to find out the potential areas of plantation forest development in the future and would provide a scientific basis for further discussion by policymakers on future land use planning, to minimize the trade-offs between food security and climate change adaptation.

Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam

Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.

Valuation of goods and services derived from plantation forest in peat swamp forest area: the case of South Sumatra Province

Natural forest area is decreasing but planted forest is increasing by years. The main target of establishment of industrial plantation forest is rehabilitating unproductive production forest areas (mitigate land degradation). Plantation forest ecosystem also expected provide some goods and services even though timber production usually become the main service. This paper aims to present data and information about the value of goods and services derived from plantations forest with case studies in the South Sumatra Province. The Total Economic Value (TEV) concept used as the framework to quantify value of the goods and services derived from plantations forest. The TEV concept widely use to measure the utilitarian value of ecosystems to support efficient resources allocation. The result indicates that the economic value of goods and services derived from plantaton forest that reflected by the TEV of plantation forest is about 17,242.72 USD. This value is higher than TEV of natural secondary forest and abandoned peatswamp forest. Its indicates that plantation forest can provide both timber and non-timber benefits that generated by the ecological functions of plantation forest. In peat swamps area, development of plantation forest with adaptive species will support timber producion and mitigate forest land degradation.

Predicting future plantation forest development in response to policy initiatives: A case study of the Warren River Catchment in Western Australia

The Warren River Catchment in the south-west of Western Australia exemplifies how inconsistent forestry investment policies can have adverse environmental effects especially related to dryland salinity. The catchment experienced a rapid expansion of plantation forest in the late 1990s due to tax benefits for forestry Managed Investment Schemes. This paper assesses the landscape effect of incentive based policies by measuring the land use and land cover (LULC) response in the catchment, and forecasts LULC change. The paper applies a spatial modelling procedure that integrates Markov transition probabilities, multilayer perceptron neural network and cellular automata to provide an accurate forecast of LULC change over 35 years from 1979 to 2014. In the first stage, geospatial analysis determines the spatial drivers of LULC conversions. Second, Markov transition probability matrices are estimated, and the multilayer perceptron was trained to determine a model for every transition based on spatial drivers. Finally, a cellular automata model was applied to forecast spatially explicit changes in LULC to 2025 under the current policy regime. The predictive power of the model was validated with Kappa statistics, and vis-à-vis a null model. The simulation forecasts an increase in the agricultural areas by 2025 compared to 2014; whereas harvested native forest areas were predicted to decrease, contributing to a slight increase of the native forest areas. Despite government efforts to increase the areas of plantations, the model predicts a decrease in this land use due to a progressive reduction in tax incentives provided to Managed Investment Schemes. These results will assist decision-makers in improving policy, by working through the long-term implications of policy incentives for forestry in terms of broader landscape objectives related to salinity and conservation.

Potential of biomass as source for electricity at Pulau Panggang Village, North Kepulauan Seribu Subdistrict

Biomass as energy source has been used extensively by people in remote areas in Indonesia, although limited to household level as fuel wood or charcoal for daily life. This study estimates the amount of biomass in Pulau Panggang Village, North Kepulauan Seribu District and its potential as fuel for a power plant. Vegetation analysis was conducted to find out stand composition and estimate biomass using allometric equation. Biomass conversion into electricity was done by assuming a power plant with 40% eficiency. Results showed most dominant species are Casuarina equisetifolia with IVI value of 138.65 and 123.73 for tree and pole level, followed by Leucacena leucocephala and Acacia crassicarpa. This study shows that there is 247.45 ton/ha, 986.13 ton/ha, and 798.59 ton/ha of biomass stored in Karya, Pramuka, and Ayer Island repectively. A total of 2032.17 ton biomass could be used to generate 2980.51 MWh of electricity. However, development of plantation forest as a source of renewable fuel for electricity is difficult because limited available land while electricity demand is high.

Failure of Forestry Political Economy of Indonesia

Indonesia's natural forest has been persistently declining, even with the fastest rate in the world, regardless of various efforts to stop the decline or at least to reduce the rate significantly. At the same time, development of plantation forest has been very slow. Amongst the various causes of the natural forest loss that have been identified, financial nonprofitability was not one of them. That being said, the fundamental reason as to why utilization of natural forest for timber production will not survive in the long run is because of financial nonprofitability. In order for a business to stay in the industry of the natural forest utilization, the government should provide financial incentives using public's money. Hence, the public support for the forestry is vital for the survival of the industry?. However, improper implementation of forestry laws can have damaging impacts to the public's perception and support. Moreover, the five policies, namely forest land establishment, fees, and royalties, log export ban, certification, and forest management unit establishment, which have failed to deliver sustainable natural production forests, are shortly discussed. Finally, the more appropriate approach of natural forest utilization is basically not as a sustainable forest management but rather as the optimal timber mining, which consequently requires different set of policies.

DIAGNOSIS JENIS PENYAKIT TANAMAN JATI (Tectona Grandis) PADA AREAL HUTAN TANAMAN DESA HATUSUA KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Teak plantation forest development in the village Hatusua Kairatu District of West Seram regency is one attempt to offset the need for wood raw material increases. However, based on preliminary observations visible symptom of diseases such as leaf spot disease. Thus the need to do a diagnosis of the types of diseases in the forest area.The study aims to determine the types of diseases that attack plants teak (Tectona grandis) in the plantation areas Hatusua Rural District of West Seram regency Kairatu, determine the intensity of the disease as well as the extent of the damage and determine the condition of the teak plantations and support the development of the disease.The results showed that the types of diseases that are found is a leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Phomopsis sp. and root rot and stem are a symptom of a physiological disease. The disease intensity of leaf spot was 1,21 % and the disease intensity of root and stem rot 10,08 %, both of which belong to the category of minor assault. Conditions in the village area of teak plants Hatusua support the development of the disease.

Telaah Faktor Sosial Demografi Terhadap Kesetujuan Masyarakat Pada Rencana Pengembangan Htr Di Kphp Gedong Wani

Since 2007 the Ministry of Forestry rolling the policy on the use of community-based forest production through the Minister of Forestry (Minister) Number. P.23 / Menhut-II / 2007 dated June 25, 2007 on Procedures for Application Permit Utilization of Wood in Forest Plantation in Plantation Forest, which was later replaced by Regulation Nomor.P.55 / Menhut-II / 2011. HTR development policy is open access to the public to manage production forests legally. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of demographic factors socio-cultural factors and accessibility of the program Plantation Forests (demographic, social, cultural, property, accessibility). This research was conducted in the village of Sinar Rejeki, Karang Rejo village, Budi Lestari Village, and the village of Tanjung Bintang Subdistrict Tri Mulyo South Lampung regency in Lampung province in August 2014. This study has shown that the level of agreement of respondents to the Forest Plantation development plan Level of agreement of respondents to plan the development of Forest Plantation influenced significantly by group variable property: (a) the vehicle has 2.14 times greater odds than on who does not have (b) but that the procurement of dry land and wet land over an area of 1 ha of acceptability be 0,001 times. And group demographic variables, social, cultural and accessibility do not significantly affect the acceptability of Plantation Forest development plan. Keywords: community demographics, social factors, KPHP region

Identification and Seedlings Growth Evaluation of Shorea Species-Producing Tengkawang


 Most of non timber forest product (NTFP) utilization taken from natural forests which decrease on productivity annually, including tengkawang producer species which taken from West Kalimantan natural forests. This condition needs an effort to preserve those species from natural population utilization through plantation forest development that require spesific strategy. This study was part of breeding strategy of shorea species producing tengkawang which aimed to species identify and seedling growth evaluation used genetic material from 2 (two) population from West Kalimantan. The research was arranged in 2 (two) steps, i.e.1) species identification used morphology characteristic difference, and 2) seedling growth evaluation (height,diameter,sturdiness). Seedling growth evaluation was arranged in RCBD, with 5 plot (combination of species and source population), contained 25 seedlings and 4 replications (blocks). The result showed that seedlings of shorea species producing tengkawang, i.e. S.stenoptera, S.macrophylla, and S.gysbertsiana can be different from its stipulae morphology characteristic. Growth of 10 months shorea species producing tengkawang seedlings were significantly different on height and sturdiness. Seedlings height were 67,19 – 88,79 cm, seedlings diameter 9,65 – 10,33 mm and sturdiness 7 – 9,21 in range. The best seedling growth was S.stenoptera and S.macrophylla from Gunung Bunga, West Kalimantan.

Identification and Seedlings Growth Evaluation of Shorea Species-Producing Tengkawang

Most of non timber forest product (NTFP) utilization taken from natural forests which decrease on productivity annually, including tengkawang producer species which taken from West Kalimantan natural forests. This condition needs an effort to preserve those species from natural population utilization through plantation forest development that require spesific strategy. This study was part of breeding strategy of shorea species producing tengkawang which aimed to species identify and seedling growth evaluation used genetic material from 2 (two) population from West Kalimantan. The research was arranged in 2 (two) steps, i.e.1) species identification used morphology characteristic difference, and 2) seedling growth evaluation (height,diameter,sturdiness). Seedling growth evaluation was arranged in RCBD, with 5 plot (combination of species and source population), contained 25 seedlings and 4 replications (blocks). The result showed that seedlings of shorea species producing tengkawang, i.e. S.stenoptera, S.macrophylla, and S.gysbertsiana can be different from its stipulae morphology characteristic. Growth of 10 months shorea species producing tengkawang seedlings were significantly different on height and sturdiness. Seedlings height were 67,19 – 88,79 cm, seedlings diameter 9,65 – 10,33 mm and sturdiness 7 – 9,21 in range. The best seedling growth was S.stenoptera and S.macrophylla from Gunung Bunga, West Kalimantan.

Land Suitability Evaluation for Plantation Forest Development Based on Multi-criteria Approach

Information of land suitability is needed to prioritize suitable forest plantation for land use development. This is important to increase land productivity and eficiency on forest management decision making process. This research aimed to: (1) to evaluate land suitability based on pedo-agroclimate characteristics for plantation forest development; (2) to identify the farming-based socio-cultural and economic characteristics; (3) to determine the priority level of trees that will be cultivated through plantation forest development. This research was conducted from January to May 2015 in four districts namely: Kapontori, Lasalimu, South Lasalimu, and Siotapina (KALALASSI region). These are located in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research method used was a spatial research method using GIS [1];[3]. The research has three main activities: data collection, evaluation, and mapping. Data collection included data on land biophysics, climate, and forest management development using survey method. Land evaluation was carried out on FAO method [14] and [15]. The major of trees were determined using LQ method [16] and the priority level of trees determine using MCDM method through the application of AHP [3];[4]. The last but not the least, spatial data development was used to map recommended forest land uses. The results showed that: (1) there were three major of trees in the research area, namely: Teak, Mahogany and Silk Tree; (2) based on land suitability classification, there are two classes found in the KALALASSI region, namely: moderately suitable (S2) which were located 3,836.05 ha for Teak and Mahagony, and Marginally Suitable (S3), which are located 3,343.45 ha for Teak, 3,467.20 ha for Mahagony, and 10,106.22 ha for Silk Tree; (3) the sequence of trees priority in KALALASSI region is Teak, Silk Tree, and Mahogany, then based on these recommendation, forest land uses and management plan were developed.

SOCIAL, FINANCIAL AND MARKET FEASIBILITY OF COMMUNITY PLANTATION FOREST PRODUCT: CASE STUDY AT DOMPU REGENCY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA

Dompu Regency is one of the regencies in Nusa Tenggara Barat Province that has recieved a license on Community Plantation Forest (CPF) and realized all the targeted areas, and obtained the loan from Center of Financing for Plantation Forest Development, Ministry of Forestry. However, it still faced obstacles and problems in its field operation. Therefore, the review on CPF development in Dompu Regency is needed as a lesson learned. The objectives of the review are: 1) to analyse the social feasibility of CPF management; 2) to analyse the financial feasibility of CPF management and 3) to analyse the market feasibility of CPF management. The results of review indicated that the social feasibility of CPF still faced the problems, namely: 1) CPF program become a legalization of non-permit forest management; 2) CPF program requires an instant and a suddent institutional development; 3) difficulty in working group; 4) inland utilization is not optimum; 5) difficulty in managing group administration system; 6) low quality of human resources in cooperative management and 7) unmeasureable performance of CPF field advisor. Financial aspect of CPF management is feasible with NVP as much as IDR 20,054,791, BCR = 3.31 and IRR = 28%. The CPF market feasibility in Dompu Regency is promising due to high timber demands by sawn timber and furniture industries.