Crop Plants Research Articles

Hybrid Soybean as Green Manure for Improving Soil Properties and Subsequent Crop Growth

The rapid increase in fertilizer use has led to the degradation of soil quality, nutrient imbalances, reduced biodiversity, and soil compaction. To address these challenges, hybrid soybeans with efficient biological nitrogen fixation capabilities and broad environmental adaptability were selected as green manure to reduce fertilizer application, thereby improving soil fertility and structure. This study utilized the varieties “Forage Soybean S001” (S001), “Neinong S002 Forage Soybean” (S002), “Mengnong S003 Forage Soybean” (S003), “Mengnong S004 Forage Soybean” (S004), “Mengnong S005 Forage Soybean” (S005), and “Mengnong S006 Forage Soybean” (S006) as green manure materials. The clean tillage (CK) treatment served as the control, ensuring a residue-free soil surface while maintaining consistent practices in soil preparation, irrigation, and field management across all treatments. Field planting of green manure and subsequent crops was conducted at the M-Grass Ecology and Environment (Group) Company’s experimental site in Hohhot in early May of 2023 and 2024. The plots each measured 20 m2, with three replications arranged in a randomized block design. A combination of field experiments and laboratory analyses was utilized to investigate the effects of incorporating various hybrid soybean varieties as green manure on soil nutrient levels, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial communities, and the subsequent growth of oats. The results indicated that incorporating various hybrid soybean varieties as green manure into the soil significantly improved soil nutrient levels and enzyme activity. The diversity and richness of soil bacterial communities increased significantly, accompanied by alterations in community structure and composition. These changes enhanced soil fertility and optimized the microbial community structure, promoting the growth of subsequent crops. Among all the treatments, S001 and S004 were particularly effective in enhancing the soil environment, indicating their potential as superior green manure resources for broader application.

Editorial: Autonomous weed control for crop plants

Editorial: Autonomous weed control for crop plants

Comparison of Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine Effects Over Root Elongation in Selected Wild and Crop Plants Commonly Present in the Mediterranean Cropland and Pasture Scenarios.

Fertilization with animal manure and sewage sludge, and the use of sewage water for irrigation, can lead to high antimicrobial concentrations in agricultural soils. Once in soil, antimicrobials can exert direct and indirect toxic effects on plants by misbalancing plant-microbe symbiotic relationships. We performed germination tests to determine the optimum germination conditions of 24 plant species (10 crop and 14 wild species). Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine phytotoxicity in 19 plant species for which optimum germination conditions could be established. The root elongation of the majority of wild species was inhibited in the presence of oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine, whereas crops were mainly affected by oxytetracycline. There were no differences in sensitivity to oxytetracycline between crop and wild plant species, whereas wild plants were significantly more susceptible to sulfamethazine than crop species. Thus, to cover both productivity and biodiversity protection goals, we recommend pharmaceuticals' predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values based on crop and wild plant species phytotoxicity data.

Effects of Organic Amendments on Earthworm Population in Sugarcane Plant Ratoon System under Different Planting Methods

This research aimed to study the effect of organic sources under different planting methods on the population of earthworm in sugarcane plantation for plant and ratoon crop. The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research station, Anakapalle (Andhra Pradesh) on sandy loan soils under split split plot design with different planting methods, soil health management practices and nutrient levels. The main plots consisted of three planting methods M1: conventional planting, M2: paired row planting, M3: dual row planting along with four organic amendments as sub plots (Control, trash mulching + biodecomposer (A & B), green manuring with sunnhemp @ 37.5 kg ha-1 seed rate, green manuring with sunnhemp @ 25 kg ha-1 seed rate followed by intercropping) and two nutrient levels as sub sub plots (75% RDF + NPK biofertilizers and 100% RDF). The results showed that in the plant and ratoon crop significantly highest earthworm population was observed with green manuring with sunnhemp @ 25 kg ha-1 seed rate followed by intercropping and was found significantly superior to control treatment. Organic sources can improve both the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil under these conditions, which cousld improve soil ecosystem services and thus increasing the earthworm population.

Assessment of dimethoate and malathion mediated toxicity on Solanum lycopersicum L.

Nowadays organophosphate-based chemicals are most commonly used insecticides worldwide which are applicable to a wide range of crop plants. In this study, the effect of organophosphate insecticides, dimethoate (DM) and malathion (MT), was investigated on Solanum lycopersicum L. The seeds were germinated under in vivo conditions and after 1month of germination, they were transferred to separate pots. Insecticides were applied in three different concentrations (X, 2X, and 4X) using a nozzle spray at 7-day intervals for 21days where X was the recommended dose. After 21days of treatment, the toxicological responses of plants were confirmed by evaluating the growth patterns, anatomical, photosynthetic pigments, expression of proteins, and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The study findings demonstrated that both DM and MT treatment resulted in adverse growth effects even at the initial recommended dose (X) of application. However, compared to MT, at 4X concentrations of DM, maximum decrease in plant height (43.43%), leaf length (43.16%), leaf width (41.09%), and total numbers of leaves per plant (50.57%) was observed. Plants subjected to higher doses of DM and MT showed a gradual reduction in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (67.25, 50.00, 62.03, and 41.04%, respectively, for DM and 61.75, 55.72, 59.87, and 41.04%, respectively, for MT). In addition, higher doses of these insecticides greatly disturbed micromorphology and protein contents. At high dose (4X) of treatment, the activities of CAT, GPX, and APX were found to increase by 14.01, 3.62, and 2.21 times the control value, respectively, for DM and 5.17, 2.53, and 1.46 times, respectively, for MT. Additionally, increased isoenzymes of CAT, GPX, and APX were demonstrated by nondenaturing PAGE and were also dependent on the concentrations of DM and MT. These results suggest that the isoforms of the antioxidant enzymes newly developed due to DM and MT excess may be used as biochemical markers for other crop plants grown under insecticide stress. This study provides insights into the biochemical mechanism associated with the toxicity caused to plants by the test insecticides.

Hydrogel Plus as Alternative Technology In Sustainable Palm Oil Agricultural

Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important plantation crops in the agricultural sector. However, during the dry season the production of palm oil is decreasing, due to the reduced availability of water especially on peatlands. One way to overcome this problem is by the use of Hydrogel Plus technology (Hydrogel based bagasse with the addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens). This study aims to determine the role of Hydrogel Plus (Hydrogel with the addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens) to the growth and production of palm oil on the peat during the dry season. The method used in this research is the experimental method using Completely Randomized Design. Treatment was done by 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 5 times. So the experimental unit amounted to 20 units. The treatments include (P1) Control, (P2) Hydrogel application (P3) Application of Pseudomonas fluoresces suspension and (P4) Hydrogel Plus applications. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that Hydrogel administration with the addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria tends to have a significant effect on leaf diameter, leaf number and height of plant at each treatment and only at plant height on treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens and only hydrogel treatment which has no effect real utilization of Hydrogel Plus can provide the effect of palm oil plant growth and production to be a specific effort as an alternative technology in sustainable palm oil management in peatlands during the dry season.

Exploring Microgravity’s Effect on Seed Germination and Growth of Plants

The study of the effects of microgravity on plant cells has gained significant attention, especially in the context of space experiments, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of plant growth and development in altered gravitational conditions. Understanding the impact of microgravity on seed germination, seedling establishment, and overall plant development is essential for future space agriculture and the development of sustainable food production systems. In microgravity, plants encounter unique physical and physiological challenges, making it essential to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of plant cells to this environment. Various factors contribute to the alterations observed in plant behavior under microgravity, including changes in water and nutrient distribution, disruptions in hormone signaling, and modifications in the expression of secondary metabolites. Physiological and biochemical in plants due to microgravity caused by the influence on the phytochrome system, gas exchange photosynthesis, and the production of secondary metabolites. Microgravity affects mechanocellular responses of plants which elucidates how the absence of gravity can disrupt cytoplasmic streaming, impact cell wall rigidity, and cause damage to cell membranes. These alterations in plant cell behavior under microgravity conditions can have profound implications for plant growth and development. Space farming faces challenges and constraints of cultivating plants in space, such as managing water distribution, temperature fluctuations, and radiation exposure, are addressed. Innovative methods for planting crops in space, including plant pillows, greenhouse cultivation, and soil-less systems, are discussed. In the future, research efforts should focus on selecting or genetically modifying plant varieties with enhanced tolerance to the diverse stress encountered in space environments. Thus, it is concluded that space farming underscores the importance of comprehensive studies on plant responses to microgravity, offering valuable insights for both space exploration and terrestrial agriculture.

Adsorption of Copper, Zinc, Chromium and Nickel Using Plantation crop waste as Adsorbents in Contaminated Soil

This study investigates the adsorption behaviour of copper, zinc, chromium and nickel on plantation crops such as Arecanut husk (AH) and Coconut husk (CH) using a batch technique. Key parameters affecting the adsorption phenomenon were contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The results showedequilibrium was reached within four hours, with adsorption capacity being temperature-dependent and endothermic. Efficiency of removal was maximumat lower concentrations, while adsorption capacity improved at higher concentration. Freundlich and Langmuir modelsareappropriatefor predicting the adsorption isotherm. At 300C, the maximum adsorption ofCu, Zn, Cr and Ni on AH and CH were 0.95 mg/g,1.27 mg/g, 0.78mg/g, 0.88 mg/g, 1.22mg/g, 1.64mg/g, 1.66mg/g, and 1.69 mg/g respectively. CH exhibited higher removal and adsorption capacities than AH, with zinc showing the strongest adsorption attraction, following the order Cu < Ni < Cr< Zn for plantation croptypes of adsorbents.

Plant growth-promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens orchestrate homeostasis under nutrient deficiency exacerbated drought and salinity stress in Oryza sativa L. seedlings.

Nutrient deficiency intensifies drought and salinity stress on rice growth. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculation provides resilience through modulation in metabolic and gene regulation to enhance growth, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. Soil nutrient deficiencies amplify the detrimental effects of abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, creating substantial challenges for overall plant health and crop productivity. Traditional methods for developing stress-resistant varieties are often slow and labor-intensive. Previously, we demonstrated that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SN13 effectively alleviates stress induced by sub-optimum nutrient conditions in rice. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of SN13 in reducing the compounded impacts of drought and salinity under varying nutrient regimes in rice seedlings. The results demonstrated that PGPR inoculation not only improved the growth parameters, nutrient content, and physio-biochemical characteristics under nutrient-limited conditions, but also reduced the oxidative stress markers. The altered expression of stress-related and transcription factor genes (USP, DEF, CYP450, GST, MYB, and bZIP) revealed the regulatory effect of PGPR in enhancing stress tolerance through these genes. GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that PGPR significantly influenced various metabolic pathways, including galactose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting that PGPR affects both energy production and stress-protective mechanisms, facilitating better growth and survival of rice seedlings.

Effects of Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emission Relevance to Environmental Stress on Horticultural Crops

Global climate change significantly impacts the yield and quality of sustainable horticulture crops. Rising global temperatures have forced the agricultural community to modify planting and harvesting timetables, frequently calling for earlier crop production. Notably, several concerning elements are brought about by climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), higher temperatures, higher concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), ozone depletion (O3), and deforestation. All of these factors exacerbate environmental stresses on crops. Climate change is, therefore, likely to have a negative impact on livestock production and crop yields. Thus, the main goal of the review paper is to provide a thorough summary of the various aspects that affect the production of fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops in horticulture, with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental stressors like high temperatures, droughts, salinity, and CO2 emissions. This assessment will also look at how new greenhouse technologies and horticultural crop varieties can be used to lessen the adverse effects of climate change on crops.

Assessment of Land Suitability for Enhancing Key Crop Commodities: Pineapple, Coffee, and Mango

This study aims to evaluate land suitability for enhancing the production of key crop commodities in Ngancar District, Kediri Regency, particularly pineapple, coffee, and mango. The district has high soil fertility potential due to its location at the foot of Mount Kelud. The research methods include land surveys, soil sampling at depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, and laboratory analysis to measure soil physical and chemical properties. Results indicate that the land in the study area generally falls into the marginal suitability class (S3), with the main limiting factors being soil texture dominated by sandy loam, low K₂O levels, and high rainfall that affects pineapple growth. Slope gradient is also a limiting factor for coffee and mango cultivation. Adjustments in soil management, such as timely fertilization and planting crops with strong root systems, can improve the land's suitability potential. In conclusion, although the land in Ngancar District has certain limitations, optimizing land use can enhance the productivity of key commodities, particularly through improved soil management and appropriate fertilizer use. Keywords: Crop commodities, Land Assessment, Land Degradation, Mount Kelud.

How does cloning change phenolics, minerals and antioxidant activity in Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (Clone A, Clone B)?

Tissue culture and cloning are valuable techniques in plant biology research as they enable the production of genetically identical plants, which may be utilized for many purposes such as crop enhancement, plant breeding, and genetic manipulation. Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (HA), also known as immortelle or strawflower (Asteraceae), is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. In this study, the aerial part of two Clones (Clone A, Clone B) of H. arenarium were used to consider the effect of Clones on the phenolics, minerals, and antioxidant activities. The methanol extracts were analyzed and compared for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is a widely used method for the determination of a wide range of elements in plant materials, including macro and micro elements. Calcium and potassium are the major mineral elements. The phenolics were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The highest caffeic acid was determined in the methanolic extract, followed by protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid.

Ovule and seed development of crop plants in response to climate change

The ovule is a plant structure that upon fertilization, transforms into a seed. Successful fertilization is required for optimum crop productivity and is strongly affected by environmental conditions including temperature and precipitation. Climate change refers to sustained changes in global or regional climate patterns over an extended period, typically decades to millions of years. These shifts can result from natural processes like volcanic eruptions and solar radiation fluctuations, but in recent times, human activities—especially the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions—have accelerated the pace and scale of climate change. Human-induced climate change impacts the agricultural sector mainly through global warming and altering weather patterns, both of which create conditions that challenge agricultural production and food security. With food demand projected to sharply increase by 2050, urgent action is needed to prevent the worst impacts of climate change on food security and allow time for agricultural production systems to adapt and become more resilient. Gaining insights into the female reproductive part of the flower and seed development under extreme environmental conditions is important to oversee plant evolution, agricultural productivity, and food security in the face of climate change. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant reproductive development and the effects of temperature and water stress, soil salinity, elevated carbon dioxide, and ozone pollution on the female reproductive structure and development across grain legumes, cereal, oilseed, and horticultural crops. It identifies gaps in existing studies for potential future research and suggests suitable mitigation strategies for sustaining crop productivity in a changing climate.

Vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter ZmVPEs mediate phosphate homeostasis and remobilization in maize leaves.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Vacuoles play a crucial role in inorganic phosphate (Pi) storage and remobilization in plants. However, the physiological function of vacuolar phosphate efflux transporters in plant Pi remobilization remains obscure. Here, we identified three ZmVPE genes (ZmVPE1, ZmVPE2a, ZmVPE2b) by combining them with transcriptome and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses, showing a relatively higher expression in older leaves than in younger leaves in maize. Moreover, the expression of the ZmVPEs was triggered by Pi deficiency and abscisic acid. ZmVPEs were localized to the vacuolar membrane and responsible for vacuolar Pi efflux. Compared with the wild-type, Pi remobilization from older to younger leaves was enhanced in ZmVPE-overexpression lines. zmvpe2a mutants displayed an increase in the total P and Pi concentrations in older leaves, but a decrease in younger leaves. In rice, Pi remobilization was impaired in the osvpe1osvpe2 double mutant and enhanced in OsVPE-overexpression plants, suggesting conserved functions of VPEs in modulating Pi homeostasis and remobilization in crop plants. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel mechanism underlying Pi remobilization from older to younger leaves mediated by plant vacuolar Pi efflux transporters, facilitating the development of Pi-efficient crop plants.

The synergy of ACC deaminase producing plant growth-promoting microbes provide drought tolerance in Ocimum basilicum L. cv. “Saumya”

The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is an effective agricultural practice to improve plant growth, especially under abiotic stress. In this study, the combined impact of three plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely Brevibacterium halotolerans (Sd-6), Burkholderia cepacia (Art-7), Bacillus subtilis (Ldr-2) were tested with Trichoderma harzianum (Th) (possessing ACC deaminase producing activity) in Ocimum basilicum L. cv. “Saumya” to reduce drought-induced damages to the plants under different level of drought stress [i.e. well-watered (100 %), moderate (60 %), severe (40 %)]. These PGPB strains, along with Th, were found to be tolerant against osmotic stress when tested in growth media containing different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000), and all were found to endure -0.99 MPa water potential. Compared to non-inoculated control, Th+Ldr-2 treatment improved fresh herb weight (62.45 %) and oil content (61.54 %) and higher photosynthetic rate under severe drought. Besides, in relation to control, the above treatment enhanced nutrient uptake, reduced ABA, ACC as well as ethylene levels and increased IAA content in addition to an increase in important constituents of essential oil, indicating better performance in terms of plant growth under drought. Higher RWC, decreased MDA, and reduced antioxidant activities in Th+Ldr-2 treated plants compared to non-inoculated control under drought support the mechanism of the microbes providing tolerance against drought. Colony forming unit of microbes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study support the effective colonisation behaviour of Th+Ldr-2, which protects plants against drought stress. A consortium of diverse microbes, found to improve plant growth under drought through increased nutrient uptake, reducing the levels of ACC and ABA, improving the content of IAA, antioxidant enzymes probably reducing the effect of drought stress and improving plant biomass could be a useful tool to reduce drought-induced losses in crop plants.

Biochar application improves maize yield on the Loess Plateau of China by changing soil pore structure and enhancing root growth

Biochar application emerges as a valuable soil management strategy for enhancing crop yield; however, the mechanisms underlying the relationships between soil and plants remain unclear after biochar application. In this study, soil pore characteristics and maize yield were assessed in a five-year biochar-application experiment on the Loess Plateau of China, including four treatments: Control (no biochar), low-dose biochar application (LB, 3 t ha−1), moderate-dose biochar application (MB, 6 t ha−1), and high-dose biochar application (HB, 9 t ha−1). Root growth traits were evaluated by cultivating maize in intact soil cores collected from field conditions using X-ray computed tomography. Our findings indicate that, compared to the Control, the HB treatment enhanced macroporosity (> 0.1 mm in diameter), porosity of 0.1–0.5 mm pores, and saturated water content, while reducing macropore connectivity and penetration resistance. However, biochar application treatments did not alter the water retention characteristics from field capacity to permanent wilting point or the plant-available water content (PAWC). Furthermore, the mean angle of primary and seminal roots as well as the length and surface area of entire roots increased in the HB treatment, showing a positive correlation with the porosity of 0.1–0.5 mm pores. The mean diameter of primary and seminal roots, leaf fresh and dry weights, and maize yield also increased in the HB treatment compared to the Control. Partial least squares path modeling analysis indicated that biochar application rates positively impacted on root growth and plant productivity through an indirect influence of soil pore size distribution, with 0.1–0.5 mm pores being particularly crucial for facilitating deeper root penetration and root elongation. These findings demonstrate that biochar application primarily augmented 0.1–0.5 mm pores, rather than affecting smaller pores capable of retaining plant-available water or larger macropores, enhancing deeper rooting and root elongation, thus improving plant productivity and crop yield.

Engineering CO2-fixing modules in E. coli via efficient assembly of cyanobacterial Rubisco and carboxysomes.

Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is the central enzyme for converting atmospheric CO2 into organic molecules, playing a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. In cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, Rubisco complexes, along with carbonic anhydrase, are enclosed within specific proteinaceous microcompartments, known as carboxysomes. The polyhedral carboxysome shell ensures a dense packaging of Rubisco and creates a high-CO2 internal environment to facilitate the fixation of CO2. Rubisco and carboxysomes have been popular targets for bioengineering, with the intent of enhancing plant photosynthesis, crop yields, and biofuel production. However, efficient generation of Form 1B Rubisco and cyanobacterial β-carboxysomes in heterologous systems remains challenging. Here, we developed genetic systems to efficiently engineer functional cyanobacterial Form 1B Rubisco in E. coli, by incorporating Rubisco assembly factor Raf1 and modulating the RbcL/S stoichiometry. We further accomplished effective reconstitution of catalytically active β-carboxysomes in E. coli with cognate Form 1B Rubisco by fine-tuning the expression levels of individual β-carboxysome components. In addition, we investigated the encapsulation mechanism of Rubisco into carboxysomes via constructing hybrid carboxysomes; this was achieved by creating a chimeric encapsulation peptide incorporating SSLDs that permits the encapsulation of Form 1B Rubisco into α-carboxysome shells. Our study provides insights into the assembly mechanisms of plant-like Form 1B Rubisco and its encapsulation principles in both β-carboxysomes and hybrid carboxysomes, and highlights the inherent modularity of carboxysome structures. The findings lay the framework for rational design and repurposing of CO2-fixing modules in bioengineering applications, e.g. crop engineering, biocatalyst production, and molecule delivery.

An automatic 3D tomato plant stemwork phenotyping pipeline at internode level based on tree quantitative structural modelling algorithm

Phenotypic traits of stemwork are important indicators of plant growing status, contributing to multiple research domains including yield estimation, breeding engineering, and disease control. Traditional plant phenotyping with human work faces serious bottlenecks on labour intensity and time consumption. In recent years, the application of Quantitative Structural Modeling (QSM) together with three-dimensional (3D) sensor-based data acquisition techniques provides a feasible solution towards the automatic stemwork phenotyping. Nevertheless, existing QSM-based pipelines are sensitive towards the point cloud quality, and mostly focus on the phenotyping at plant or organ level. Information at internode level which are closely related to photosynthesis and light absorption was generally overlooked. To this end, a 3D automatic stemwork phenotyping pipeline is developed for tomato plants at both plant and internode level. Coloured point clouds are taken as the sensor input of the pipeline. A semantic segmentation based on PointNet++ was used to detect and localise the stemwork points. To improve the quality of the segmented stemwork point clouds, a density-based refining pipeline is proposed containing three main processes: non-replacement resampling, interference branch removal, and noise removal. A Tree Quantitative Structural Modeling (TreeQSM) algorithm was then applied to the stemwork point cloud to construct a digital reconstruction. The target phenotypic traits were finally calculated from the digital model by employing an internode association process. The proposed phenotyping pipeline was evaluated with a test dataset containing three tomato plant cultivars: Merlice, Brioso, and Gardener Delight. The related rooted mean squared errors of calculated internode length, internode diameters, leaf branching angle, leaf phyllotactic angle, and stem length range from 4.8 to 64.4%. Considering the time consuming manual phenotyping process, the proposed work provides a feasible solution towards the high throughput plant phenotyping, from which facilitates the related research on plant breeding and crop management.

A new approach for spatial optimization of crop planting structure to balance economic and environmental benefits

A new approach for spatial optimization of crop planting structure to balance economic and environmental benefits

The use of microsatellite markers for assessing genetic identity of fruit tree crop plant cultivars

The use of microsatellite markers for assessing genetic identity of fruit tree crop plant cultivars