Plantar Fascia Rupture Research Articles

High-resolution Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis: An Association of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound

Objective: To assess the role played by ultrasound in evaluating plantar fasciitis and associate the findings with Magnetic resonance imaging.
 Study Design: Case series.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Apr 2021.
 Methodology: All the patients underwent ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The study and control Groups consisted of 38 patients. 
 Results: Out of 38 patients, plantar fascia thickness in symptomatic feet was measured with ultrasound for both the Study and Control Groups. The Control Group had slightly thinner plantar fasciitis (1.1-2.4 mm, 1.7 ± 0.06 mm; p =0.03) compared to the Study Group (2.9-6.9 mm; 4.9±1.4 mm). In addition, this study compared other plantar fasciitis diagnostic signs on sonography with the magnetic resonance imaging findings. The diagnostic accuracy of plantar fascia pathological focal echogenicity, plantar fascia oedema, perifascial oedema, and plantar fascia rupture was 15(80.6%), 12(60.7%), 15(77.1%), and 13(68.6%) respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was lower while evaluating for calcaneal spurs.
 Conclusion: The present study concluded that ultrasonography could be the basic initial diagnostic imaging modality to confirm clinically suspected cases of plantar fasciitis. However, magnetic resonance imaging could be the preferred diagnostic modality for suspected complex pathology and lack of clinical presentation.

Effectiveness of platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroid in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain. This condition is caused bydegenerative changes resulting in repetitive microtears of the plantar fascia, which are in turn causedby biomechanical overuse from prolonged standing or running. Several nonoperative treatments havebeen employed, such as stretching, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,extracorporeal shock wave therapy, needling and night splints, relative rest, etc. But clinical outcomesof these methods are controversial. Corticosteroid is also effective but provides only short-term painrelief with disappointing long-term results. This procedure is also associated with complications,including localized infection, fat pad atrophy, and plantar fascia rupture. In recent years, platelet-richplasma (PRP) has been investigated as a treatment option for plantar fasciitis. PRP is a bioactiveconcentrate of various growth factors and cytokines that modulate cell proliferation and differentiation,angiogenesis, and chemotaxis. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroid in the treatmentof plantar fasciitis. Materials & method: This Quasi-experimental study was carried out on adult patients with chronicPlantar Fasciitis attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, during the period of October 2021 toMay 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups; group A (patients treated withPRP); group B (patients treated by with corticosteroid). After providing the allocated treatment, allpatients were undergone follow-up examination at 1st week, 1st month, 3rd month and at 6th month forclinical improvement. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roles and Maudsley (RM), and Foot Function Index(FFI) scoring systems were used as outcome measures. Result: Mean ± SD of age was calculated to be, 42.31 ± 7.6 for Group A and 42.29 ± 8.0 for Group B.Most of the participants in Group A [13 (72.1)] & in Group B [15 (65.2)] were females. Mean VAS scoreat different follow up time reveals, after 1 week of intervention, score was turn down or pain reduced inboth groups, but comparatively better in group B. At 3rd month (Mean VAS 3.05 & 4.82 in group A &B respectively) and 6th month later (Mean VAS 1.67 & 4.12 in group A & B respectively) follow upperiod, significant improvement was found in group A. Use of corticosteroid (Group B) showedimprovement in symptoms immediately at 1st week to one month (short duration), which did not lastlong. But PRP effective in prolong time. RM score shows that a significant difference among two groupsat 1 and 3 months with P = 0.051 and P = 0.001, respectively. Mean FFI scores in Group A weresignificantly lower than Group B. No adverse events were noticed in any of the groups. Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is better than steroid injection in relieving the painof planar fasciitis and improvement function of the patient foot. JBSA 2022; 35 (2) : 22-29

Steroid Injections Versus Autologous Blood Injections: Treatment Analysis in Plantar Fasciitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of autologous blood injection versus steroid injection, in the treatment of Plantar Fasciitis. Study Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Alhada Armed Forces Hospital Taif KSA from January 2021 to July 2021. Methodology: A total of 44 participants who had plantar fasciitis, for more than 6 weeks were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with autologous blood injections and the other group with steroid injections. Those patients with plantar fasciitis who were gone through certain surgical (heel surgery, ankle dislocation, rupture of plantar fascia, calcaneal fracture, tarsal bone fracture, and metatarsal bone fracture) procedures prior to having the disease were excluded from the study. Result: The total number of males in Group A and Group B were 23 and 19 respectively. The total number of females in Group A and Group B were 21 and 25 respectively. Treatment through autologous blood was effective in 26 patients of Group A and treatment through steroids was effective in 31 patients of Group B. Group A and Group B consisted of individuals that had average ages of 37 years and 38 years respectively. Conclusion: Autologous blood injections were not more effective than steroid injections in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Keywords: autologous blood injection, effectiveness, steroid injection, plantar fasciitis

A comparative study between platelet-rich plasma, corticosteroid, and autologous whole blood injection in patient of plantar fasciitis

Introduction: Majority of the patient with heel pain are diagnosed with plantar fasciitis (PF). PF is the condition characterized by isolated inferior heel pain particularly with the first steps of the day or after sitting for hours and the reason is due to degeneration of the plantar fascia and perifascial structures. Regular walking on hard surfaces, wearing hard sole footwear, and obesity are the risk factors for this condition. Injecting steroids is the most popular method of treating the condition but has its own advantages and disadvantages. There have been cases reported of rupture of plantar fascia after giving corticosteroid injections, especially when it was given repeatedly. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to enhance the healing process of the body as it has platelet-derived growth factors that boost the healing of soft tissue, bone healing, and also tendon healing. Aims and Objective: The objective of our study was to know among the PRP injection, autologous whole blood steroid injection which is a superior mode of intervention in PF management. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 225 was taken and patients were divided into 3 groups, in which Group A was given PRP injection, Group B was given steroid injection, and Group C was given whole blood. The follow-up was done on 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Patients of age more than 18, those who were clinically diagnosed PF, and those who were not improving with 3 months of conservative management were included in the study. Patients with any ligament injury or with Buerger’s disease, pseudo-gout, and Haglund disease were excluded from the study. All patients were asked for their pain to quantify it according to visual analog scale (VAS) scale and the score was noted on pre-injection follow by on 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: The VAS score before infiltration was almost similar (P > 0.05) in Group A (7.8 ± 1.26), Group B (7.5 ± 1.05), and Group C (7.8 ± 0.87). The VAS score significantly decreased in Group B who were injected steroids in the initial 2 weeks when compared to that of Group A who were injected PRP and Group C who were injected whole blood. A significant decrease in VAS was seen in Group A at after 12 weeks when compared to Group B and Group C. Conclusion: Our study showed that autologous PRP therapy can lead to a sustained reduction in symptom complaints when compared to corticosteroid injections and autologous whole blood. PRP injection holds promise as a potential therapy to hasten the healing of chronic PF.

Left Foot Injury In A Female Gymnast

HISTORY: A 17-year-old female high level gymnast presented for evaluation of left heel pain and ecchymosis. Two days prior to her presentation, she was sprinting in preparation for a roundoff prior to vault take-off and felt her heel shift when she went to push-off. She fell and was immediately unable to bear weight secondary to heel pain. Pain was exacerbated by any weight-bearing activity and improved with rest. She had been wearing a walking boot and using crutches for ambulation. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Healthy-appearing female with a muscular build in no apparent distress. Antalgic gait favoring left foot, avoiding pressure on heel. Ecchymosis along both the medial and lateral aspects of the calcaneus. Tenderness to palpation and associated swelling at the plantar aspect of the calcaneus and along the subtalar joint. Ankle range of motion was full and pain-free. Pain with resisted eversion. Talar tilt and calcaneal squeeze tests were positive. No pain with plantar fascia stretching or palpation along the mid to distal plantar fascia. Achilles tendon was intact. Anterior drawer was negative. Strength was full and light touch sensation was intact. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Calcaneal stress fracture 2. Subtalar joint subluxation 3. Plantar fascia tear TEST AND RESULTS: Left ankle and foot radiographs were negative for acute fracture or dislocation. Left ankle MRI revealed a focal tear involving the lateral margin of the lateral cord of the plantar aponeurosis. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Lateral cord plantar fascia rupture TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. Walking boot for 6 weeks with gradual wean out of boot during the 6th week and ankle range of motion exercises when out of the boot. 2. Once out of boot, supportive shoes with ankle brace and dorsiflexion night splint at night. 3. Physical therapy focusing on Achilles stretching, ankle range of motion and strengthening until pain and tenderness resolved. Slowly advanced to more sports-specific tasks once pain-free. 4. At 10 weeks post injury, she was pain free while performing plyometric and balance/proprioceptive exercises and had a normal exam with full pain-free range of motion. 5. Functional return to sport given her normal exam and pain-free activity with physical therapy.

Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis.

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of chronic heel pain in adults, affecting both young active patients and older sedentary individuals. It results from repetitive stress to the plantar fascia at its origin on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus and is often associated with gastrocnemius tightness. The diagnosis can be made clinically with a focused history and physical examination; imaging is reserved for atypical presentations and those that do not respond to initial treatment. The most common presenting symptom is aching plantar heel pain, which is worst with first step in the morning or after periods of rest. Diagnosis is confirmed with point tenderness at the origin of the plantar fascia on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus. Initial treatment consists of activity modification, anti-inflammatory medication, gastrocnemius and plantar fascia stretching, and an in-shoe orthosis that lifts and cushions the heel. These nonoperative treatments lead to complete resolution of pain in 90% of patients but can take 3-6 months. Patients who remain symptomatic despite a 6-month trial of nonoperative therapy may be considered for minimally invasive treatment or surgery. Platelet-rich plasma injections and therapeutic ultrasound are among a number of minimally invasive treatments that stimulate the body’s healing response. Corticosteroid injections temporarily relieve pain, but may increase the risk of plantar fascia rupture and fat pad atrophy. Botulinum toxin injections relax the calf muscles, which decreases the stress in the plantar fascia. Operative treatments include gastrocnemius recession and medial head of gastrocnemius release, which decrease the stress on the plantar fascia and partial planter fasciotomy, which stimulates a healing response.Level of Evidence:Level V, expert opinion.

Platelet rich plasma is better than corticosteroid in longterm outcome in planter fasciitis: A study in a tertiary level teaching hospital at Dhaka, Bangladesh

This is a prospective comparative study to compare the efficacy of PRP injection versus corticosteroid injection for planter fasciitis. 35 male and 25 female (Mean Age 35.5 yrs.) presenting with planter fasciitis were randomized to receive there Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection (2ml PRP with 2ml of 2% xylocaine) given by a single surgeon. Patients were assessed before (Days0) and after (Days 30, 60, 90) treatment for chronic heel pain more than 6 months. Patients where followed up 1 year to assess heel pain over the calcaneal tuberocity. In the present study of 60 patients there were 35 male and 25 female. In the present study of 60 patients the mean age was 35.5 years (Range between 35 to 65 years). Infection, rupture of plantar fascia, heel pad atrophy and neurovascular damage where not found. Five patient reported pain for unto 9 days after PRP injection. In both groups heel pain improved dramatically after treatment, but the mode of improvement different. Compared with PRP injection. Corticosteroid injection improve at a faster rate over the first 30 days and then started to decline slightly until 90 days. After PRP injection heel pain, function improve steadily and where eventually better. PRP injection and Corticosteroid injection 30 days and faster rate 60 days of both group P-Value 0.0001. Almost high grater rate 60 days, group comparison with heel pain and function of the patients. PRP was more effective over the long term follow up period then corticosteroid injection in improving heel pain and function. That’s way we recommend PRP in a first line injection treatment because it is very simple, cheap and more effective.

Plantar Fascia Rupture in Elite Athlete of Volleyball - Case Report

Plantar Fascia Rupture in Elite Athlete of Volleyball - Case Report

The Clinical Features of Plantar Fascia Rupture

The Clinical Features of Plantar Fascia Rupture

Management of plantar fasciitis in the outpatient setting

Plantar fasciitis is a very common cause of inferior heel pain that can be triggered and aggravated by prolonged standing, walking, running and obesity, among other factors. Treatments are largely noninvasive and efficacious. Supportive treatments, including the plantar fascia-specific stretch, calf stretching, appropriate orthotics and night dorsiflexion splinting, can alleviate plantar fascia pain. While local injections of corticosteroids can help with pain relief, the effects are short-lived and must be weighed against the risk of fat pad atrophy and plantar fascia rupture. Ultrasonography-guided focal extracorporeal shock wave therapy is useful for patients with chronic plantar fasciitis and referrals for this treatment can be made in recalcitrant cases. Activity modification to decrease cyclical repetitive loading of the plantar fascia should be advised during the treatment phase regardless of the chosen treatment modality.

The effectiveness of corticosteroid injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. Although it is usually a self-limiting condition, the pain may become prolonged and severe enough to cause significant distress and disruption to the patient's daily activities and work. PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and a total of ten RCTs were selected for evaluation. These RCTs involved the use of either palpation- or ultrasonography-guided corticosteroid injections in patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. All placebo-controlled RCTs showed a significant reduction in pain with the use of corticosteroid injections. Some studies also showed that corticosteroid injections yielded better results than other treatment modalities. However, it is evident from these studies that the effects of corticosteroid injections are usually short-term, lasting 4-12 weeks in duration. Complications such as plantar fascia rupture are uncommon, but physicians need to weigh the treatment benefits against such risks.

Risk Factors Affecting Chronic Rupture of the Plantar Fascia

Prior to 1994, plantar fascia ruptures were considered as an acute injury that occurred primarily in athletes. However, plantar fascia ruptures have recently been reported in the setting of preexisting plantar fasciitis. We analyzed risk factors causing plantar fascia rupture in the presence of preexisting plantar fasciitis. We retrospectively reviewed 286 patients with plantar fasciitis who were referred from private clinics between March 2004 and February 2008. Patients were divided into those with or without a plantar fascia rupture. There were 35 patients in the rupture group and 251 in the nonrupture group. The clinical characteristics and risk factors for plantar fascia rupture were compared between the 2 groups. We compared age, gender, the affected site, visual analog scale pain score, previous treatment regimen, body mass index, degree of ankle dorsiflexion, the use of steroid injections, the extent of activity, calcaneal pitch angle, the presence of a calcaneal spur, and heel alignment between the 2 groups. Of the assessed risk factors, only steroid injection was associated with the occurrence of a plantar fascia rupture. Among the 35 patients with a rupture, 33 had received steroid injections. The odds ratio of steroid injection was 33. Steroid injections for plantar fasciitis should be cautiously administered because of the higher risk for plantar fascia rupture. Level III, retrospective comparative study.

MRI of Isolated Cuboid Stress Fractures in Adults

Isolated cuboid stress fractures are rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MRI appearance of this condition. A retrospective search for patients with the diagnosis of a cuboid stress fracture was performed for a 19-year period. All patients underwent an initial three-view radiographic foot series for pain. MRI was performed because symptoms persisted beyond 4 weeks. Ten patients, nine of whom were women, were diagnosed with isolated cuboid stress fractures. These patients were divided into an athletic group (mean age, 36.3 years) and nonathletic group (mean age, 55.0 years). In the athletic group, there were five runners, one ballet dancer, and one gymnast, and in the nonathletic group, there was one with osteoporosis, one with a plantar fascia rupture, and one who recently underwent a fasciotomy. Eight stress fractures were linear and two were stellate and all were surrounded by marrow edema. Six fractures were located inferolaterally, one superolaterally, one laterally, one medially, and one was subchondral in location. All but one involved the peroneal sulcus and cuboid crest region. Nine of 10 feet showed pathology in the plantar fascia, seven in the peroneal tendons, and four in the posterior tibial tendon. An isolated stress fracture of the cuboid is most likely to occur in the lateral aspect of the cuboid. The cause is likely multifactorial and may include compressive and tensile forces, but plantar fascia dysfunction and age-related bone loss, which are more prevalent in women, may be additional contributing factors.

Injuries Observed in Minimalist Runners

Minimalist runners have been shown to have a different gait pattern with lower impact forces than habitually shod runners. Running in minimalist footwear has been promoted as a means of reducing or eliminating running injuries by returning to a more natural gait. Ten experienced runners, age 21 to 57 (mean, 43) years, were identified with injuries within 1 year of transition from traditional to minimalist running footwear. Patients were interviewed to determine their running history, injury history, transition to minimalist footwear, and their new injury including its treatment and recovery. Ten patients who ran with traditional footwear ran an average of 25.9 (range, 6 to 45) miles/week for an average of 18.9 (range, 1 to 40) years presented with injuries 2.8 (range 1 to 10) months after switching to minimalist footwear. Their injuries included eight metatarsal stress fractures, a calcaneal stress fracture, and a plantar fascia rupture. All patients had a successful recovery and returned to their previous level of running. Injuries including stress fractures and plantar fascia rupture have been observed in minimalist runners.

Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Foot & Ankle Disorders: An AOFAS Survey

Evidence-based guidelines for the use of injectable corticosteroids are lacking, and the true incidence of complications is unknown. The 2007--2008 AOFAS membership (969 members) was electronically queried to identify corticosteroid injection practices for certain clinical entities and rates of complications. One hundred ninety-seven surveys were returned. Eleven clinical diagnoses were evaluated for number of injections per year per respondent, rate of injection, plans to change injection pattern, and use of immobilization. Thirteen possible complications were analyzed for observed frequencies and total number of complications. Those in practice less than 5 years showed the lowest rate of injections at 14.1 per month, which increased to 26.1 for those in practice 6 to 10 years. An overall average of 20.6 injections per month per clinician was reported. Injections for midsubstance Achilles tendinopathy was largely avoided as demonstrated by a 98% no-inject rate. Insertional Achilles tendonitis was similar, albeit lower with an 88% no-inject rate. Non-Achilles tendonitis showed a varied response for injections. Posterior tibial tendonitis was injected 26% of the time, whereas peroneal tendonitis was injected 54% of the time. Complications including skin depigmentation were observed most frequently (5.1%), followed by atrophy (4%), flare reaction (3.5%), MTPJ dislocation (2.7%), plantar fascia rupture (1.5%), and heel pad atrophy (1.4%). Despite many case reports of complications, our survey indicates that the incidence of complications was perceived to be low and generally related to the injection site (skin depigmentation, atrophy, flare reaction).

Sonographically Guided Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Plantar Fasciosis

The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the effect of sonographically guided corticosteroid injection on the clinical and radiologic responses in patients with proximal plantar fasciosis. Thirty-one consecutive patients with unilateral plantar fasciosis were enrolled. A 4-cm 21-gauge needle was positioned in a caudocranial oblique manner, and the needle was withdrawn to the near edge of the fascia so that the solution dispersed around the edge. Two milliliters (20 mg/mL) of lignocaine/prilocaine, 1%, and 0.5 mL (20 mg) of methylprednisolone acetate solutions were injected separately. The plantar fascia and fat pad thickness, fascial echogenicity, and perifascial edema were assessed with a 10-5 MHz linear array transducer. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scale was used to assess function, alignment, and pain. The initial radiologic and clinical measurements were compared with data obtained not less than 6 weeks after the injections. A statistically significant decrease in the mean plantar fascia thickness was detected after treatment (P < .0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the plantar fascia echogenicity before and after treatment (P = .11). A statistically significant decrease was found for perifascial edema (P < .0001), and a statistically significant increase in American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores was detected (P = .0007). There was no decrease in fat pad thickness (P > .1). Plantar fascia rupture was detected in 1 patient. Sonographically guided corticosteroid injection enables real-time imaging of the plantar fascia during needle insertion. A caudocranial oblique injection beneath the fascia may have an incremental value in the treatment response in patients with plantar fasciosis.

Clinical Characteristics of the Causes of Plantar Heel Pain

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate the causes of plantar heel pain and find differences in the clinical features of plantar fasciitis (PF) and fat pad atrophy (FPA), which are common causes of plantar heel pain, for use in differential diagnosis.MethodThis retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 250 patients with plantar heel pain at the Foot Clinic of Rehabilitation Medicine at Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital from January to September, 2008.ResultsThe subjects used in this study were 114 men and 136 women patients with a mean age of 43.8 years and mean heel pain duration of 13.3 months. Causes of plantar heel pain were PF (53.2%), FPA (14.8%), pes cavus (10.4%), PF with FPA (9.2%), pes planus (4.8%), plantar fibromatosis (4.4%), plantar fascia rupture (1.6%), neuropathy (0.8%), and small shoe syndrome (0.8%). PF and FPA were most frequently diagnosed. First-step pain in the morning, and tenderness on medial calcaneal tuberosity correlated with PF. FPA mainly involved bilateral pain, pain at night, and pain that was aggravated by standing. Heel cord tightness was the most common biomechanical abnormality of the foot. Heel spur was frequently seen in X-rays of patients with PF.ConclusionPlantar heel pain can be provoked by PF, FPA, and other causes. Patients with PF or FPA typically show different characteristics in clinical features. Plantar heel pain requires differential diagnosis for appropriate treatment.

Ultrasound Evaluation of a Spontaneous Plantar Fascia Rupture

Plantar fascia rupture is an occasional complication in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis or in patients with plantar fasciitis treated with steroid injection. Very few cases of spontaneous plantar fascia rupture have been reported in the literature (Herrick and Herrick, Am J Sports Med 1983;11:95; Lun et al, Clin J Sports Med 1999;9:48-9; Rolf et al, J Foot Ankle Surg 1997;36:112-4; Saxena and Fullem, Am J Sports Med 2004;32:662-5). Spontaneous medial plantar fascia rupture in a 37-yr-old man with no preceding symptoms or steroid injections was confirmed with diagnostic ultrasound, which revealed severe fasciitis at the calcaneal insertion with partial tearing. After conservative treatment, the patient returned to full activities. We discuss the anatomy, risk factors, examination findings, and treatment for this condition, as well as the unique benefits that ultrasound offers over magnetic resonance imaging. It is important to consider plantar fascia rupture in patients with hindfoot pain and medioplantar ecchymosis, particularly if an injury occurred during acceleration maneuvers. Ultrasound in these cases can be used to diagnose a plantar fascia tear quickly, accurately, and cost-effectively.

Incidence of Plantar Fascia Ruptures Following Corticosteroid Injection

Plantar fasciitis is commonly treated with corticosteroid injections to decrease pain and inflammation. Therapeutic benefits often vary in terms of efficacy and duration. Rupture of the plantar fascia has been reported as a possible complication following corticosteroid injection. A retrospective chart review of 120 patients who received corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciitis was performed at the authors' institution to determine the incidence of plantar fascia rupture. The plantar fascia rupture was diagnosed clinically and confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. Various factors were analyzed, including the number of injections, interval between injections, body mass index (BMI), and activity level. Four patients (2.4%) consequently experienced plantar fascia rupture following an average of 2.67 injections. The average BMI of these patients was 38.6 kg/m². The authors conclude that corticosteroid injection therapy appears to be a safe and effective form of nonoperative treatment with minimal complications and a relatively low incident of plantar fascia rupture.

Poster 216: Utility of Ultrasound in Evaluation of a Spontaneous Plantar Fascia Rupture: A Case Report

Poster 216: Utility of Ultrasound in Evaluation of a Spontaneous Plantar Fascia Rupture: A Case Report