Composition Of Plant Tissues Research Articles

Prospect for Fine and Coarse Coal Waste Deployment for a Constructed Technosol and Eragrostis Tef Growth

The aim of this study was to evaluate soil properties and Eragrostis tef (teff) growth on Technosols produced from coarse and fine coal wastes from Moatize Mine, Mozambique. The experiment was performed in triplicate in 30 L containers filled with different substrate conditions, composed of fine coal waste, coarse coal waste, agricultural soil, and sewage sludge as an organic matter source. The soil analyses included bulk density, available water capacity, permeability, and fertility. Plant growth was monitored for biomass production and plant tissue composition. All the substrates presented a good available water capacity and a proper drainage condition. Regarding soil fertility, there were shortages of potassium and boron in the substrates composed exclusively of coal wastes, which was reflected in the composition of the plant tissue. Even so, plant growth was statistically equivalent to the control in all conditions, except for the substrate produced exclusively with fine coal waste and sewage sludge, which presented a better performance. Technosols are an alternative for reducing the final mine waste volume, and Eragrostis tef is used as a means for land use after the mining process, with social gains, and as a tool in an ecological process for restoring coal mining sites.

Using radiocarbon of plants to track inequity in urban environments

Societal Impact StatementOver half of Earth's human population lives in urban areas where pollution from fossil fuel combustion threatens urban air quality and public health. The isotopic composition of plant tissues can be used as a tool to estimate local variation in the amount of fossil fuel–derived carbon dioxide. We present a case study that examines this variation against the backdrop of historic discriminatory policies in Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. Data suggest higher loads of atmospheric fossil carbon in neighborhood greenspaces that are situated closer to large roads, which often correspond with historical policies. Evidence of unequal fossil fuel combustion, and potentially pollution load, may precipitate changes in urban management or pollution mitigation strategies.

Exploring the impact of copper excess on soybean genotypes: insights from root morphology and plant ionome

ABSTRACT Global growing demand for food production and commodity increased prices stimulate soybean cultivation in Brazil even in areas with high soil copper (Cu) concentration. This can promote root injuries and nutritional imbalances, reducing the growth and yield of Cu-sensitive soybean genotypes. The study aimed to investigate soybean genotypes potentially adapted to Cu-contaminated zones. Four soybean genotypes (NA 5909, DM 5958, M 6410, and DM 6563) and three Cu concentrations in the nutrient solution (0.03, 1.2, and 2.4 mg L−1) were evaluated. Root and shoot dry mass, root morphology, and inorganic composition of plant tissues were determined. The shoot and root dry mass was affected by Cu excess, especially in DM 5958 genotype, which decreased by up to 46%. Otherwise, the DM 6563 genotype stood out for growing satisfactorily under Cu excess and keeping significant amounts of Cu in the belowground biomass. The Cu excess promoted root thickening and shortening, and altered the ionome of soybean plants by decreasing the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, and Fe, yet increasing P and N, which caused decreased plant growth. Finally, our outcomes indicated DM 6563 genotype exhibits promising traits for Cu phytostabilization, making it preferable for cultivation in Cu-contaminated areas.

Influence of cultivation techniques on productivity and quality of meadow clover

Meadow clover (red clover) is the most important fodder plant in most parts of Russia. Positive characteristics of this plant are the presence of a significant amount of reserve nutrients (crude protein, protein, nitrogenfree extractive substances) in the composition of plant tissues, which provides high fodder value. As a legume, meadow clover accumulates in the soil organically bound nitrogen, a large amount of organic mass of crop root residues, enriching the soil with nutrients and contributing to the increase of its physical and mechanical properties. The disadvantage of this crop is its short productive life. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify the cultivation methods for a short period of use in order to obtain the greatest return from the crop in the fodder and agronomic aspect. Intensification of cultivation methods means everything that contributes to the increase of plant productivity: application of mineral and organic fertilizers to improve mineral nutrition, inoculation of seeds before sowing to mobilize and activate soil microflora and productive symbiosis between plants and microbiota, use of growth regulators to optimize photosynthesis processes. The study of the influence of these intensification methods was the purpose of our research. It was found that the use of estimated doses of mineral fertilizers contributed most optimally to the processes of yield formation and final productivity of clover grass. Among all the strains of nodule bacteria studied, inoculant strain 348a was the most effective because it is speciesspecific for meadow clover. The use of growth regulators Ribav Extra and Root Super is a positive technique that provides optimal growth and development of plants during vegetation. The methods studied also had a positive effect on the seed productivity of the clover plants, increasing yield and seed quality.

The Carbon Isotope Composition of Epiphytes Depends Not Only on Their Layers, Life Forms, and Taxonomical Groups but Also on the Carbon and Nitrogen Indicators of Host Trees.

The carbon isotopic composition of plant tissues is a diagnostic feature of a number of physiological and ecological processes. The most important of which is the type of photosynthesis. In epiphytes, two peaks of δ13C values are known to correspond to C3 and CAM photosynthesis and some variants of transitional forms between them. But the diagnosis of δ13C may not be limited to the type of photosynthesis. This makes it necessary to study trends in the distribution of δ13C in a broader ecological context. In this study, we present trends in the distribution of δ13C epiphytes and other structurally dependent plants and their relationship with other isotopic and elemental parameters (δ15N, C%, N%, and C/N) and with life forms of epiphytes, taxonomic or vertical groups in crowns (synusia), and the parameters of the trees themselves. In all communities except for the moss forest, δ13C in epiphyte leaves was significantly higher (less negative) than in phorophyte leaves. In general, δ13C in epiphytes in mountain communities (pine forest and moss forest) was more negative than in other communities due to the absence of succulents with CAM. δ13C in the leaves of all epiphytes was negatively related to the percentage of carbon and δ15N in the leaves of the phorophyte. When considering the Gaussian distributions of δ13C with the method of modeling mixtures, we observe the unimodal, bimodal, and trimodal nature of the distribution.

Experimental modeling of the influence of mineral nutrition conditions on the plants of spring double

The purpose of the study: to identify the in uence of mineral nutrition conditions on morphogenesis and absorption of macronutrients by spring barley plants of two varieties in the period from germination to earing under controlled conditions of light culture. The objects of the study were plants of double-row barley of the Takmak variety and the Salome variety. The plants were grown by hydroponics on expanded clay under controlled environmental conditions. Four variants of nutrient solutions were prepared for watering plants: variant l (the control) - Knop solution of standard concentration; variant 2 - Knop solution was prepared with 50 % concentration from its standard concentration; variant 3 - solution was prepared on the basis of Knop solution, but with 50 % of N concentration from its standard concentration; variant 4 - solution was prepared on the basis of Knop solution, but with 25 % of P concentration from its standard concentration. As a result, variants 2 and 3 showed a decrease in total bushiness by more than 30 % compared to the control. The mass of plants in variants 2 and 3 turned out to be 50 % and 35 %, respectively, less than in the control. The decrease in plant mass was mainly due to a decrease in the mass of lateral shoots. The level of consumption of mineral elements, closely related to the composition of solutions, affected not so much the chemical composition of plant tissues as the amount of plant biomass, which manifested itself in high correlations between the consumption of mineral elements and the gross content of these elements in plants with rather weak links between consumption and the content of mineral elements in plants.

Zostera noltei response to transplantation into historically Hg-contaminated sediments (A mesocosm experiment): Growth, bioaccumulation and photosynthetic performance

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of seagrass recolonization as a nature-based solution for the recovery of a coastal area historically contaminated by mercury (Laranjo Bay, Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). A mesocosm approach was employed to assess the resistance of Zostera noltei to transplantation into contaminated sediments collected in-situ (0.5–20 mg kg−1 Hg). At each sampling time (15, 30, 60, 120 and 210 days), the resistance of transplanted Z. noltei was evaluated through growth parameters (biomass and coverage area), photosynthetic performance and elemental composition. Although some significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between treatments, essentially associated with the elemental composition of plant tissues, the most relevant variations were associated with seasonality. Overall, plants were found to not be affected by sediment contamination, under the tested concentrations, suggesting that recolonization with Z. noltei can be an effective restoration strategy for historically contaminated coastal areas.

Cover crop response to increased concentrations of copper in vineyard soils: Implications for copper phytoextraction

The use of cover crops (CCs) in viticulture is threatened by the contamination of vineyard soils by copper (Cu). This study investigated the response of CCs to increased concentrations of Cu in soil as a way to assess their sensitivity to Cu and their Cu phytoextraction ability. Our first experiment used microplots to compare the effect of increasing soil Cu content from 90 to 204 mg kg−1 on the growth, Cu accumulation level, and elemental profile of six CC species (Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae) commonly sown in vineyard inter-row. The second experiment quantified the amount of Cu exported by a mixture of CCs in vineyards with contrasted soil characteristics. Experiment 1 showed that increasing the soil Cu content from 90 to 204 mg kg−1 was detrimental to the growth of Brassicaceae and faba bean. The elemental composition of plant tissues was specific to each CC and almost no change in composition resulted from the increase in soil Cu content. Crimson clover was the most promising CC for Cu phytoextraction as it produced the most aboveground biomass, and, along with faba bean, accumulated the highest concentration of Cu in its shoots. Experiment 2 showed that the amount of Cu extracted by CCs depended on the availability of Cu in the topsoil and CC growth in the vineyard, and ranged from 25 to 166 g per hectare. Taken together, these results emphasize the fact that the use of CCs in vineyards may be jeopardised by the contamination of soils by Cu, and that the amount of Cu exported by CCs is not sufficiently high to offset the amount of Cu supplied by Cu-based fungicides. Recommendations are provided for maximizing the environmental benefits provided by CCs in Cu-contaminated vineyard soils.

Characterization of the hierarchical architecture and micromechanical properties of walnut shell (Juglans regia L.)

In the present work a comprehensive characterization of the hierarchical architecture of the walnut shell (Juglans regia L.) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Furthermore, micromechanical properties (hardness, HIT and elastic modulus, EIT) of plant tissues were evaluated at cell wall level by applying the instrumented indentation technique (IIT). The complex architecture of the material was described in terms of four hierarchical levels (HL): endocarp (H1), plant tissues (H2), plant cells (H3) and cell wall (H4). Our findings revealed that the walnut shell consists of a multilayer structure (sclerenchyma tissue, ST; interface tissue, IT; porous tissue, PT; and flattened parenchyma tissue, FPT), where differences in the microstructure and composition of plant tissues generate parallel gradients along the cross-section. The indentation tests showed a functional gradient with a sandwich-like configuration, i.e., a lightweight and soft layer (PT, HIT = 0.04 GPa) is located between two dense and hard layers (ST, HIT = 0.33 GPa; FPT, HIT = 0.28 GPa); where additionally there is an interface between ST and PT (IT, HIT = 0.16 GPa). This configuration is a successful strategy designed by nature to improve the protection of the kernel by increasing the strength of the shell. Therefore, the walnut shell can be considered as a functionally graded material (FGM), which can be used as bioinspiration for the design of new functional synthetic materials. In addition, we proposed some structure-property-function relationships in the whole walnut shell and in each of the plant tissues.

Role of plants in determining the soil response to either a single freeze-thaw or dry-wet event

In a changing climate, extreme weather events are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude. These events may induce stress in plants and soil microbial communities, but the impact of climate extremes on root-soil interactions remains poorly understood. To better understand the response of a temperate agroecosystem to winter freezing and drought, a mild (−5 °C) or severe (−10 °C) freeze-thaw, or dry-wet cycle was imposed on mesocosms planted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and unplanted soil. We measured the effect of the stresses on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes (CO2, N2O, CH4), plant tissue composition, soil solute concentrations and soil microbial community structure. Only the most severe freezing event had a direct effect on soils, with pulses of CO2 and N2O released after thawing. In contrast, all stresses reduced C fixation and respiration in planted treatments. Total CO2 flux from planted mesocosms was reduced during the drought period and CO2 flux was negatively correlated with soil water content. The severe freeze-thaw event caused lasting damage to plants and increased rhizodeposition, resulting in increased CO2 efflux and a small alteration in soil microbial community composition. The presence of plants resulted in significantly greater total CO2 flux following freeze-thaw or dry-wet events, but only in unplanted soil was there a net increase in GHG emissions. These results demonstrate that, although the effects of stress appear magnified where plants are present, the maintenance of winter plant cover in temperate agricultural soils reduces the effects of extreme weather events on future climate.

Residue decomposition dynamics in mixed ratios of two warm‐season cover crops

AbstractCover crop residue management has gained attention over the past few decades due to the potential of cover crop residues to provide soil cover and nutrient availability for subsequent crops. Nutrients released from cover crop residues depend on the nutrient composition of plant tissue and ensuing rates of mineralization. To evaluate the rate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization from cover crops, a field decomposition experiment was conducted in a humid subtropical agricultural field. Residues of two warm‐season cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L. × S. bicolor var. Sudanese), were placed in litterbags at various mixture ratios on the soil surface to quantify the amount of N and C released from the residues over 56 d. Residue biomass decomposition followed decay patterns that were similar despite treatment mixtures of cover crop ratios. The initial ratio of cover crop material in the litter mixture influenced early N release where ratios with increasing sunn hemp increased N decomposition. The majority of residue breakdown (50–75%), and C (50–75%) and N (65–75%) decomposition occurred during the first 7 d for all the treatments. A minor fraction of residue remained (10–14%) at Day 56, with 10–14% C and 7–25% N. The 25% N remained in the sole sorghum sudangrass treatment. These results indicate that N from legume cover crops may not be available to subsequent crops in humid subtropical soils lacking the capacity to retain nutrients leached out of cover crop residue, though small fractions of dry matter may remain.

Darkfield and Fluorescence Macrovision of a Series of Large Images to Assess Anatomical and Chemical Tissue Variability in Whole Cross-Sections of Maize Stems.

The proportion and composition of plant tissues in maize stems vary with genotype and agroclimatic factors and may impact the final biomass use. In this manuscript, we propose a quantitative histology approach without any section labelling to estimate the proportion of different tissues in maize stem sections as well as their chemical characteristics. Macroscopic imaging was chosen to observe the entire section of a stem. Darkfield illumination was retained to visualise the whole stem cellular structure. Multispectral autofluorescence images were acquired to detect cell wall phenolic compounds after UV and visible excitations. Image analysis was implemented to extract morphological features and autofluorescence pseudospectra. By assimilating the internode to a cylinder, the relative proportions of tissues in the internode were estimated from their relative areas in the sections. The approach was applied to study a series of 14 maize inbred lines. Considerable variability was revealed among the 14 inbred lines for both anatomical and chemical traits. The most discriminant morphological descriptors were the relative amount of rind and parenchyma tissues together with the density and size of the individual bundles, the area of stem and the parenchyma cell diameter. The rind, as the most lignified tissue, showed strong visible-induced fluorescence which was line-dependant. The relative amount of para-coumaric acid was associated with the UV-induced fluorescence intensity in the rind and in the parenchyma near the rind, while ferulic acid amount was significantly correlated mainly with the parenchyma near the rind. The correlation between lignin and the tissue pseudospectra showed that a global higher amount of lignin resulted in a higher level of lignin fluorescence whatever the tissues. We demonstrated here the potential of darkfield and autofluorescence imaging coupled with image analysis to quantify histology of maize stem and highlight variability between different lines.

Response of Hops to Algae-Based and Nutrient-Rich Foliar Sprays

Over recent years, some hopyards of northeast Portugal have presented poorly developed plants and reduced productivity. In this study, an attempt was made to improve the homogeneity of hop fields and restore their productivity by using plant biostimulants as foliar sprays. The experimental apparatus included four field trials carried out in four plots of different plant vigour, as evaluated by farmers over previous years (weak, fair, good and very good). The experiments were arranged as a factorial of foliar treatment (two plant biostimulants containing extracts of seaweed algae and an untreated control) and year (2017 and 2018). The plot and the year influenced greatly almost all the measured variables related to tissue nutrient concentration and crop performance. In the control plots, cone dry matter (DM) yield varied from 83.3 to 394.4 g plant−1 from the weak to the very good plots. In 2018, cone DM yield was significantly higher than in 2017. The use of foliar sprays influenced less the elemental composition of plant tissue than the plot or the year. The use of foliar sprays only increased significantly crop yield in the plot of weak plant vigour. The foliar treatments did not increase α- and β-acid concentration in the cones; in the control treatment of the most productive plot, the values were, respectively, 11.2 and 3.9%. Although seaweed extracts tend to help plants cope with several abiotic and biotic stresses, they showed to be effective in mitigating the stress that is affecting these plants, which probably is poor soil drainage caused by the flooding irrigation system, only under conditions of severe stress.

Characterization of physiological and molecular responses of Zea mays seedlings to different urea-ammonium ratios

Despite the wide use of urea and ammonium as N-fertilizers, no information is available about the proper ratio useful to maximize the efficiency of their acquisition by crops. Ionomic analyses of maize seedlings fed with five different mixes of urea and ammonium indicated that after 7 days of treatment, the elemental composition of plant tissues was more influenced by ammonium in the nutrient solution than by urea.Within 24 h, similar high affinity influx rates of ammonium were measured in ammonium-treated seedlings, independently from the amount of the cation present in the nutrient solution (from 0.5 to 2.0 mM N), and it was confirmed by the similar accumulation of 15N derived from ammonium source. After 7 days, some changes in ammonium acquisition occurred among treatments, with the highest ammonium uptake efficiency when the urea-to-ammonium ratio was 3:1.Gene expression analyses of enzymes and transporters involved in N nutrition highlight a preferential induction of the cytosolic N-assimilatory pathway (via GS, ASNS) when both urea and ammonium were supplied in conjunction, this response might explain the higher N-acquisition efficiency when both sources are applied.In conclusion, this study provides new insights on plant responses to mixes of N sources that maximize the N-uptake efficiency by crops and thus could allow to adapt agronomic practices in order to limit the economic and environmental impact of N-fertilization.

Analysis of Free and Esterified Sterol Content and Composition in Seeds Using GC and ESI-MS/MS.

Total sterol content and composition in plant tissues can be easily determined by gas chromatography (GC) after saponification of the total lipid extract. However, in oleogenic tissues a significant proportion of the sterol is esterified to fatty acids, with GC methodologies unable to provide information about the proportion and the molecular species composition of intact steryl esters (SEs). Here we describe an electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method which, in parallel with GC analysis, allows for the accurate determination of both free and esterified sterol content and composition in seeds. After extraction of seed oil with hexane, free sterols are derivatized with undecanoyl chloride, total steryl esters are then purified from triacylglycerol (TAG) by liquid chromatography, infused and ionized as ammonium adducts, with molecular species identified and quantified by fragmentation in the presence of internal standards.

Application of a plant-tissue composition in combination with the use of an aerosol of an electrochemical activated solution of neutral anolyte in the association of respiratory tract infections and wound infections of the distal extremities of cattle

Bovine respiratory infections occupy the second place in the nosological picture after diseases of the digestive system and cause huge economic damage, which in the Russian Federation, according to our estimates, amounts to several billion rubles a year. Very often, respiratory pathologies in highly productive cows are complicated by wound infections of the distal extremities, which primarily include necrobacteriosis, streptococcosis and staphylococcosis, which also bring economic losses to farms due to reduced animal productivity and culling of highly productive cows.The primary causecontributing to the development of wound infections of the distal extremities in cattle is respiratory infections. According to our long-term observations, all farms where outbreaks of necrobacteriosis were recorded were unfavorable for bovine respiratory infections, such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea(VD), parainfluenza type 3 (PG-3) and respiratory syncytial infection (RSI). Comprehensive prevention of wound infectionsof the dental extremities of cattle (cattle) should include mandatory prevention of respiratory infections. For complex prevention of mixed infection, we proposed the use of an ECHO (electrochemically activated) solution of neutral anolyte (ANK+) in the form of a fine aerosol in combination with the use of a plant-tissue preparation “Vidoral”, (Patent RU 2,625,022 C2 dated 11.07.2017, copyright holder of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education of the UralState Agrarian University ) with immunomodulatory properties.

Effect of Different Growing Periods on the Nutritional Composition of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Leaves

Introduction: The nutritional composition of plant tissues is influenced by climatic conditions during their growth and development. Climate influences the growth rate, chemical composition and yield of crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of growing periods on the nutritional composition of six cowpea varieties; Kenyan local variety (KLV), Indonesian local variety (ILV), Malaysian local variety (MLV), Japanese local variety (JLV) and two Kenyan varieties (K80 and KenKunde).
 Methodology: The seeds were grown in an experimental glasshouse under three varying growing periods in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The effect of growing condition on moisture, protein, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc content was assessed.
 Results: Moisture content varied from 67.9% to 78.0% and 81.1% to 88.8% in 2015 and 2016, respectively; while protein contents ranged from 7.3% to 14.6% and 18. 4% to 30.4% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In 2015, there was a significant increase in moisture content, protein, K, Ca, Mg and Mn in KLV as temperature increased. This trend was different for ILV and MLV, which showed significant differences across growing periods with the June growing period showing the highest moisture, protein, K, Mg and Mn contents. In 2016, protein, Ca and Mg contents increased in response to increasing temperature across the growing periods. KLV and Kenkunde exhibited higher concentrations of most components.
 Conclusion: There were significant differences among varieties and across growing periods in nutrient content implying both variety and climatic conditions affect nutritional composition.

Nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of aquatic macrophytes in Kaidu River of Xinjiang and the potential influencing factors

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two common mineral elements constraining plant growth. Nutrients in aquatic macrophytes are mainly absorbed from water and sediments, and thus elemental composition in plant tissues can reflect the nutritional status in freshwater ecosystems. Kaidu River is an important river flowing through the alpine meadows, deserts, and desert oases in Xinjiang. Herein, samples of aquatic macrophytes, water, and sediments across the Kaidu River were collected. Foliar stoichiometric characteristics of N and P in plants were examined among life forms and phylogeny. The differences and correlations among the stoichiometric characteristics of plants, water bodies, and sediments in the upstream and downstream and across different land use types were elaborated. Results showed that the means of leaf N and P concentrations and N/P mass ratio were 24.9 mg·g-1, 2.49 mg·g-1, and 12.6, respectively. There were significant differences in the leaf N and P stoichiometry among various life forms. Specifically, leaf N and P concentrations in submerged species were significantly higher than that in floating-leaved species and emergent species. The N/P of floating-leaved species was 19.2 and significantly higher than that in other two life-forms, indicating that their growth might be limited by P. Leaf N and P concentrations were higher in the upstream than in the downstream. Nitrogen contents in water and sediment were the higher in the upstream of the river. Compared with the river reaches in farming areas, the higher N and P concentrations of aquatic macrophytes in the grassland regions might be related to the higher contents of organic matter in grassland soils and of animal slurries from flocks and herds, suggesting that grazing exerted larger impact on the stoichiometric characteristics of the Kaidu River ecosystem. Our findings highlighted that overgrazing might accelerate the deterioration of water quality in the upstream of the Kaidu River, disturb the balance of N and P in the aquatic ecosystem, and potentially influence the biogeochemical cycling.

Differences in elemental composition of tailings, soils, and plant tissues following five decades of native plant colonization on a gold mine site in Northwestern Québec

Mining activities have significant environmental impacts, such as the production of acid mine drainage and the typical absence of vegetation on mine tailings whose absence can facilitate the migration of metals to adjacent ecosystems. We investigated the metal and metalloid composition of plants and substrates on, and near a former gold mine site to understand elemental dynamics in such environments. A mine tailings deposit rich in Mo and As in Northwestern Québec was studied following the natural colonization of the deposit by boreal plant species. The site and surrounding forest were categorized into 6 vegetation density classes (VDC) to determine if and how vegetation density, and plant elemental composition, and soil properties were linked. Macroelemental composition of plant tissues (P, K and Ca) was relatively stable, despite differences in macroelemental levels of substrates between different VDC (with lower macronutrient levels associated with less dense areas), indicating the adaptability of the three species studied (Alnus incana spp. rugosa, Betula papyrifera and Picea spp.). Results showed that across a wide range of substrate properties, it was plant species and density that explained metal and metalloid composition in plant tissues (leaves, stems, and roots), while the main environmental determinants for this were VDC, pH, Ca and Cu. Increasing vegetation density was associated with decreasing As and Mo concentrations in substrates. This study sheds light on the plasticity of alder, spruce and birch growing on mine sites, allowing us to better understand elemental dynamics on such sites, and ultimately improve their management.

The use of plant-tissue composition at hemofilter the polyserositis of pigs (illness glasser)

The purpose of the research in the article is to study a specific infectious disease – hemophilous polyserositis of pigs, its spread in the territory of the Ural region. Epizootological analysis of Piglet morbidity was shown, laboratory studies were conducted, and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of this disease were made. Evaluation of the specific effectiveness of the plant - tissue immunomodulator “Vidoral” in the treatment of hemophilous polyserositis in pigs and increasing the protective activity of vaccines. The features of the development of the epizootic process in hemophilous polyserositis of pigs in the studied agricultural enterprises of two regions of the Ural region are characterized. The role and place of porcine hemophilous polyserositis among respiratory diseases of infectious etiology in the formation of the nosological profile of infectious pathology is determined. The drug Vidoral on a plant and tissue basis was theoretically justified and studied, and the effectiveness of its use in animals with hemophilous polyserositis in pigs was determined.