Effect Of Plant Spacing Research Articles

Study of sowing time and plant spacing effects on biochemical constituents in muskmelon variety ARKA Siri

Study of sowing time and plant spacing effects on biochemical constituents in muskmelon variety ARKA Siri

Determination of fertilizer requirement of Indonesian black rice in winter season under different plant spacing at Agro-ecological Zone-9 of Bangladesh

Indonesian black rice is quite popular for its highly nutritive value and profitable production. The distinct knowledge about optimum fertilizer doses and plant spacing contributes to its promising yield. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from December 2022 to May 2023 to find out the effect of fertilizer management and plant spacing on the growth and yield of Indonesian black rice in the winter season. The experiment was conducted with 5 treatments of fertilizer management viz., F1(70% of recommended doses); F2(80% of recommended doses); F3(90% of recommended doses); F4(100% of recommended doses) and F5(110% of recommended doses) with 4 plants spacing viz., S1(20 cm × 15 cm); S2(20 cm × 20 cm); S3(25 cm × 15 cm) and S4(25 cm × 20 cm). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design where the fertilizer management was allocated in main plots and the plant spacing was distributed in sub-plots with three replications. The result revealed that the fertilizer doses and plant spacings along with the interaction effects significantly influenced the growth and yield parameters of Indonesian black rice. Regarding vegetative growth, plant height (79.3cm), total tiller plant-1(21.27cm), and total leaf number plant-1 (58.47) were maximal at 100% recommended dose of fertilizer(F4) at DAT 65. Similarly, S2(20 cm × 20 cm) had better result in crop growth and yield attributes. The interaction effects of the treatments showed significant impact on plant height, total tiller and leaf number where F4S2 gave satisfied results. The highest values for the yield parameters including the maximum number of grains panicle-1 (100.70), 1000-grain weight (28.33g), and grain yield (5.69g) were found from the combination treatment of F4S2. On the other hand, the lowest grain (3.68g) yield was found from F1S4. Therefore, observing the results of the experiment, the best consideration was F4S2 at Agro-ecological Zone-9 in the winter season for the desirable growth and yield of Indonesian black rice.

Effect of Seed Hydropriming, Plant Spacing and INM on Biomass Production, Yield, and Nutrients Uptake by Summer Green Gram Crop

Effect of Seed Hydropriming, Plant Spacing and INM on Biomass Production, Yield, and Nutrients Uptake by Summer Green Gram Crop

The Effect of Plant Spacing and Weeding Time on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

The Effect of Plant Spacing and Weeding Time on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Effect of Plant Spacing and Harvesting Stage on Chemical Composition and In-Vitro Digestibility of Desho Grass (Pennisetum Glaucifolium L.) at Midland of Guji, Oromia Region

The experiment was conducted to evaluate appropriate combination harvesting stage and plant spacing on chemical compositions, digestibility and its rumen degradability potentials of Desho grass. Three-by-three randomized complete block design was used to set up the experiment. factorial arrangements in three replications. The experiment employs three harvesting stages (75, 105 and 135 days) and three plant spacing (10, 30 and 50 cm). Prior to planting 100 kg/ha-1 combinations of Nitrogen, phosphate and sulfur fertilizer were applied to all plots. The chemical composition such as CP, DM, TA, NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and CPY and DMY yield parameters differed considerably (p<0.01). Hemi cellulose concentration, however, was not substantially (p>0.05) impacted. With the 30*105 combination, a higher dry matter yield (31.87 t/ha) was achieved. The treatment combination of 30*105 had the greatest CP content (12.37%). Treatment combinations have an impact on the properties of crude protein and dry matter in-sacco degradability. Thus, it is possible to conclude that, the treatment combination 30 cm*105 days has resulted in optimum yield and nutritive values of Desho grass under the current experiment around Adola. However, there is a need for further studies on different combinations of harvesting stage and plant spacing over years and locations to arrive at dependable conclusions

Effect of Different Plant Spacings on Growth and Yield of Blackgram Varieties (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

Effect of Different Plant Spacings on Growth and Yield of Blackgram Varieties (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

Effect of Different Plant Spacings on Growth, Yield and Disease Incidence in Banana CV. Phule Pride

An investigation was carried out in planted banana crop cv. Phule Pride (AAA) to evaluate the effect of different planting distances on growth, durational, bunch, and yield parameters and disease incidence for three successive years (2021-22 to 2023). The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. The treatments comprised of T1 (1.20 m x 1.20m (6944 Plants per hectare)), T2 (1.35 m x 1.35m (5487 Plants per hectare)), T3 (1.35 m x 1.75m (4233 Plants per hectare)), T4 (1.50 m x 1.35m (4938 Plants per hectare)) and T5 (1.50 m x 1.50m (4444 Plants per hectare)). In general, there was decrease in pseudo stem height, number of functional leaves and leaf area with the decrease in plant spacing, where increase in pseudo stem girth was observed with the decrease in plant spacing. Delay in all the durational parameters namely days to shooting, days to maturity and days harvesting was recorded with the decrease in plant spacing. Number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per bunch, finger length and bunch weight also decreased with the decrease in plant spacing, whereas increase in finger girth was observed with the decrease in plant spacing. The conventional treatment 1.50 m x 1.50m (4444 Plants per hectare)) recoded highest bunch weight (19.40 t/ha) as against the 12.18 t/ha in the treatment T1 (1.20 m x 1.20m (6944 Plants per hectare). As regards the yield (t/ha), all the treatments were on par with each other except T2 (1.35 m x 1.35m (5487 Plants per hectare). Considering all the parameters, it observed that the plant spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m accommodating 4444 plants per hectare is found optimum for the banana cv. Phule Pride.

Effect of Microbial Fuel Cell, fertilizer, and plant spacing on nitrogen dynamics in paddy soil

<p>Nitrogen is one of the primary nutrients required for growing rice. Still, the efficiency of urea fertilizer application is very low (20-40%) due to the nitrogen loss process, one of which is denitrification. This study aims to determine the effects of combining Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), plant spacing, and fertilization on nitrogen dynamics in paddy fields. The combination of treatments are expected to reduce the nitrogen loss in paddy fields, and plants can absorb it efficiently. A total of six treatments included Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) (2 levels: without MFC and with MFC), plant spacing (2 levels: conventional spacing 25 cm × 25 cm and <em>jajar legowo</em> spacing 25 cm × 12.5 cm × 50 cm), and fertilization (2 levels: without fertilizer and with 500 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of NPK fertilizer), with three replications for each combination. The observed parameters included total soil nitrogen, nitrate, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll, nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria, and N<sub>2</sub>O gas emissions. The results showed that combining MFC, conventional spacing, and NPK fertilizer in the paddy fields resulted in a high total soil nitrogen (0.44%). The results showed different effects on total soil nitrogen in the MFC and fertilization treatments, leading to increased nitrate levels, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll. Increasing total soil nitrogen significantly contributes to leaf development and significantly aids photosynthesis. The integration of MFC and fertilization observed in this study resulted in a real impact on nitrogen dynamics in paddy fields. This combined treatment effectively reduces total nitrogen loss due to denitrification in paddy fields, thereby increasing the efficiency of uptake by plants.</p>

Effect of Plant Spacing and Varieties on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zero-Till Potato in the Coastal Ganges Delta

Effect of Plant Spacing and Varieties on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zero-Till Potato in the Coastal Ganges Delta

Enhancing productivity and profitability of quinoa through optimization of plant spacing and weeding regimes

ContextWeeds are a major constraint to quinoa production since no herbicide tolerant variety is available worldwide. This raises the importance of cultural practices for controlling weeds. Optimizing plant spacing and implementing effective weeding practices may help to enhance quinoa productivity and profitability. ObjectiveThe objective of current study was to utilize the plant spacing as an alternate option for ensuring effective weed management and profitable quinoa production for the irrigated plains. MethodsThe effect of planting spacing on weed flora in quinoa was evaluated for two consecutive years (2021–22 and 2022–23). Two weeding regimes (weedy and weed-free) along with three plant spacings viz., 10, 20, and 30 cm were tested using a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with three replications. In the weedy plots, no weeding was done, while in the weed-free plots, manual weeding was performed to keep them weed-free throughout the growing season. Results and conclusionsDifferent plant spacing significantly influenced weed biomass and density in quinoa. Narrow spaced plants (10 cm) gave maximum weed suppression as against widely spaced plants (30 cm) and a concomitant yield increase. Medium plant spacing (20 cm) gave maximum grain yield by attaining the optimum plant population under weed-free conditions during both years. Economic analysis also revealed that medium plant spacing with weed-free conditions was beneficial compared to other treatments regarding gross returns, net returns, and benefit-cost ratio. SignificanceThis study highlights that quinoa spacing primarily determined quinoa-weed competition and can be a tool for weed management in this crop.

Numerical Simulation of the Plant Shelterbelt Configuration Based on Porous Media Model

Low-coverage line-belt-pattern protective forests offer significant advantages in terms of wind and sand control measures. It is important to study the windbreak effectiveness of sand-fixing forests with different spacing for the construction and optimization of plant shelterbelt configurations. The effect of plant spacing on the flow field around a row of trees was investigated using the k-ε turbulence model coupled with the porous media model. In order to accurately simplify the complex and stochastic plant constitutive features, we simplify the plant canopy to a circular platform geometry, which introduces a porous media model, and the plant trunk is simulated as a solid cylinder. The simulation results show that windbreaks only affect wind profiles up to 1.25-times the height of the tree; on the leeward side of the canopy, large-spaced shelterbelts provide greater protection in the near-wake zone, while small-spaced shelterbelts are more effective at reducing velocity in the re-equilibration zone. The flow field recovery properties of the trunk and canopy indicate that the canopy wake zone is longer. In this study, we also quantitatively analyze the relationship between average wind protection effectiveness as a function of plant spacing and streamwise distance from the leeward side of the canopy, and the given parameterized scheme shows a power exponential relationship between wind protection effectiveness and plant spacing and a logarithmic relationship with streamwise distance. This scheme can provide a predictive assessment of the effects during the implementation of the plant shelterbelt.

Effects of row ratio and plant spacing for enhancing hybrid rice seed production in the tropics

The seed yield production determines the success of the development of hybrid rice. Here, an effective and efficient cultivation technology for producing hybrid rice seeds is optimized through spacing and row ratio management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of spacing and row ratio of restorer (R) : CMS (A) on F1 hybrid rice seed production. The experiment was conducted at the Indonesian Center of Rice Research's experimental field in the dry season of 2016, using parental lines HIPA18 hybrid rice, i.e., CMS: IR79156A line and Restorer: IR53942 line. The experiment was laid out in a strip-plot design replicated three times. Two factors were studied, i.e., plant spacing between CMS lines and row ratio R by A-lines. The results indicated that the highest HIPA18 seed production was obtained from 20 cm x 20 cm spacing of CMS with row ratio 2R:14A, i.e., 3.62 tons ha-1. Plant spacing and row ratio interactions were improved tillers number per plant of restorer and F1 seed yields. Keywords: A-lines; CMS; F1 hybrid rice; R-lines

Yield Performance of Some White Maize Varieties in Response to Planting Spacings at Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University Farm in Bangladesh

The experiment were conducted at the Agronomy Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Bangladesh to investigate the effect of white maize variety and planting spacing on growth, yield and yield attributes. The treatments were two hybrid white maize variety viz. V1 = PSC-121 and V2 = KS-510 and three planting spacing viz. S1 = 50 cm x 25 cm, S2 = 60 cm x 25 cm and S3 = 70 cm x 25 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that variety and plant spacing had significant effect on the studied characters and yield. The highest plant height, longest cob, highest number of kernel cob-1, the highest 100-grain weight, maximum grain yield and stover yield were observed in hybrid white maize PSC-121. On the other hand, the shortest plant, lowest number of grains cob-1, 100-grain weight, grain yield and stover yield were observed in hybrid white maize KS-510. The longest plant, highest number of kernel cob-1, the highest 100 grain weight was recorded in the spacing of 70 cm × 25 cm but lowest grain yield (7.52 t ha-1) and stover yield (9.362 t ha-1). In contrast, the spacing 50 cm × 25 cm produced the lowest values of the above mentioned plant parameters but showed the highest grain yield (9.20 t ha-1) and stover yield (11.64 t ha-1). In regard to interaction effect of variety and spacing, V1S1 (PSC-121 with 50 cm x 25 cm) interaction produced the highest grain yield (9.60 t ha-1), biological yield (21.621 t ha-1) and harvest index (46.01%). On the other hand, V2S3 (KS-510 with 70 cm x 25 cm) interaction achieved the lowest grain yield (7.36 t ha-1), biological yield (16.94 t ha-1) and harvest index (43.151%). Based on the experimental results, it may be concluded that maize (cv. hybrid white maize PSC-121) can be cultivated with a spacing of 50 cm × 25 cm for appreciable grain yield due to higher number of plant per unit area.

Effect of plant spacing on pigeonpea grain yield in Northern Uganda

The aim of crop production is to achieve the highest possible yield per unit area. One way of increasing productivity per unit area is through plant spacing optimization. The effect of plant spacing (90 cm x 60 cm, 150 cm x 120 cm and 150 cm x 180 cm) on yield of three pigeonpea genotypes (KAT 60/8, ICEAP 00540 and ICEAP 00554) was investigated on-station in a small-plot field experiments in 2018. Significant differences were recorded in grain yield of all the three genotypes. The highest yield for all the three genotypes was recorded for row spacing of 90 cm and inter plant spacing of 60 cm, and the lowest for row spacing of 150 cm and inter plant spacing of 180 cm. Plant spacing effect on other yield parameters (number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight) were not significant. Similar effects were recorded for plant growth parameters (plant height and number of primary branches). Thus, it can be concluded that row spacing of 90 cm and interplant spacing of 60cm is appropriate for pigeonpea grain production in Uganda.

Effect of Plant Spacing and Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum) in Experimental Farm at Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Optimum plant population, natural resources, such as nutrients, sunlight, soil moisture and efficient fertilization are some of the primary factors that ensure satisfactory growth and yield. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of plant spacing and fertilizer application on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annum) in experimental farm at Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. Three levels of spacing (S1=30cm x 50cm, S2=40cm x 50cm and S3 =50cm x 50cm) and four different levels of fertilizer application (F0 = control, F1 = 20 t ha-1 poultry manure, F2 = 300 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15 and F3 = 150 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15 + 10 t ha-1 were adopted. The parameters measured were plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, number of branches, fresh fruit weight per plant, fresh fruit weight per plot, fruit diameter, fruit length, and number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield. The results showed that S3F1, (50cm x 50cm spacing + 20 t ha-1 poultry manure) had the highest plant height and stem diameter and S2F3, (40cm x 50cm spacing + 150 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15 and 10 t ha-1) had the highest fruit yield (1731.60 kg ha-1). The lowest yield (994.49 kg ha-1) was obtained at S1F0, (40cm x 50cm spacing + control). Therefore, farmers in this locality could grow bell pepper (Capsicum annum) at S2F3 for increased fruit yield.

Evaluation of plant growth and spacing effects on bioengineered slopes subjected to rainfall

Shallow landslides can be mitigated through the hydro-mechanical reinforcement provided by vegetation. Several critical parameters, such as plant spacing and plant age, play a significant role in influencing bioengineered slope stability facilitated by vegetation. However, the coupling of these effects on the stability of vegetated slope has been ignored. The objective of this study is to investigate the hydro-mechanical impact of vegetation growth and spacing on the stability of bioengineered slopes based on the predictions of a calibrated numerical model against field measurements. The impact of vegetation is investigated, with specific attention given to different plant spacing and growth stages, utilizing Schefflera arboricola. In the context of rainfall, it was observed that younger vegetation demonstrated more effective matric suction retention and recovery up to 25 kPa compared to the aged vegetation. Vegetation was revealed to substantially enhance the factor of safety up to 0.3 compared to the bare slope. Plant growth and reducing plant spacing increased the impact of root systems on both hydraulic and mechanical stability, primarily attributable to the influence of root cohesion rather than transpiration rates. The results revealed that the mechanical contribution to the factor of safety enhancement was raised from one-third to two-thirds because of the vegetation-induced cohesion within the growing rooted zone.

The Effect of Plant Spacing and Type of Manure on the Growth and Yield of Green Beans (Vigna Radiata L) Cultivar Vima I

The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine the effect of the combination of planting distance and type of manure on the growth and yield of green bean plants (Vigna radiata L) cultivar VIMA-1, (2) To determine the combination of planting distance and type of manure that can have the best influence on the growth and yield of mung bean plants (Vigna radiata L) VIMA-1 cultivar. The research was conducted in Wirakanan Village, Kandanghour District, Indramayu Regency, from December 2020 to January 2021. The research method used is the Group Random Design (RAK) method. The treatment consists of three levels of planting distance (20x25 cm, 20x30 cm, and 20x35 cm) and three types of manure (chicken, goat, and cow) with a dose of 6 tons/ha for each manure and without manure. The combination is repeated three times so that there are 36 tiles. Variables observed include Plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, weight of 100 grains, weight of dry seeds per plant, and dry weight per plot. The results showed that: (1) the combination of planting distance and type of cow manure significantly affected plant height aged 15, 22, and 29 HST, number of leaves aged 15, 22, and 29 HST, total number of pods, and seed weight per plot. (2) the combination treatment of planting distance and type of manure produces plant height higher is produced by combination D (20x25 cm and cow manure) at the age of 15, 22, and 29 HST, the combination of planting distance and type of manure produces the number of leaves, the higher is produced by the combination of D (20x25 cm and cow manure) at the age of 15, 22 and 29 HST, the combination of planting spacing and type of manure produces the number of pods, the higher one is produced by the combination of D (20x25 cm and cow manure), the combination of planting spacing and type of manure produces the weight of seeds per plot, the higher one is produced by the combination of D (20x25 cm and cow manure). The combination of spacing treatment (20 x 25 cm) and manure (chicken, goat, or cow) at a dose of 6 tons/ha has the best effect on the weight of dry beans per plot, which is 0.64 kg or equivalent to 15.23 quintals/ha (80% effective land).

Effect of different plant spacing and time of pinching on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) cv. Ratlam Selection

Effect of different plant spacing and time of pinching on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) cv. Ratlam Selection

Effects of plant and row spacing and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Khost, Afghanistan

Effects of plant and row spacing and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Khost, Afghanistan

Optimizing Seed Cotton Yield: Exploring the Synergistic Effects of De-topping Stage and Plant Spacing

Optimizing Seed Cotton Yield: Exploring the Synergistic Effects of De-topping Stage and Plant Spacing