Plant-mediated Synthesis Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CERIUM OXIDE AND ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON FISH PATHOGENS

Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has gained much attentions due to its eco-friendliness, non-toxic, ease of preparation and biocompatibility. Phytochemicals has been adjudged to be useful as bio-reductants, stabilizers, and capping agents in the formation of nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to compare the antibacterial activities of biosynthesized Cerium oxide (CeO2NPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) against fish pathogens (Vibrio cholera strain RC3 and Escherichia coli strain C214). Qualitative analysis of Carica papaya leaf extract was performed to examine the biomolecules present, then biosynthesis was carried out. CeO2NP and ZnONP formed were characterized through UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of the nanoparticles. The result revealed monodispersed, spherical shaped CeO2NPs with average size of 46.34nm, while ZnONP revealed cylindrical shaped nanoparticles with average size of 43.77nm. Antibacterial sensitivity test showed that CeO2NP has a higher antibacterial potential than ZnONPs on Vibrio cholera (13.00±1.41b and 10.00±1.41c) and E. coli (8.00±1.41b and 0.00±0.00a). In view of this outcome, it is therefore suggested that CeO2NP could be used effectively against Vibrio cholera strain RC3 and E. coli strain C214 than ZnONP with highly significant impact.

Fabrication of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Passiflora edulis Extract for the Estimation of Antioxidant Potential and Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Dye Degradation

In the present work, copper oxide nanoparticles have been fabricated by using a biological method. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have received more attention than other metal oxides due to their distinctive properties and applications. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has gained the attention of researchers because of its simple and ecologically sustainable approach. The biosynthesis of CuO NPs included the use of Passiflora edulis leaf extract that acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. A non-toxic, cost-effective, and ecologically acceptable method was the use of plant leaf extract in the biogenesis of nanoscale materials. UV-vis, SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques were used to examine the biologically produced copper oxide nanoparticles. The findings of the SEM examination, which gives morphological information, demonstrate that the synthesized NPs have a spherical shape and have an average particle size of between 60 and 65 nm. CuO has been further investigated in the current study as a photo-catalyst in the methylene blue (MB) dye degradation and as an antioxidant in free radical scavenging activities. The decolorization efficiency was approximately 93% after 160 min. Furthermore, CuO nanoparticles were tested for antioxidant performance by scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radicals (DPPH) and evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The result showed that biologically synthesized CuO NPs can be used as an effective antioxidant. The half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of copper oxide nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 0.13–0.20.

Biosynthesis of Biocompatible AgNPs Using Medicinally Important Carduus edelbergii Rech.f. Extract for Multifarious Biological Activities

In current scenario, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has received significant interest owing to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly methods. This study was planned to find the potential of Carduus edelbergii Rech.f. extract for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their subsequent antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. The prepared plant extract was analyzed for phytochemicals, elements, and nutrients. The fabricated AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized AgNPs and the Carduus edelbergii extract were investigated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antifungal characteristics. The results showed that the plant extract contains a wide range of important nutrients and secondary metabolites. The synthesized AgNPs were crystalline and globular with an average diameter of 36.5 nm and exhibited a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at roughly 420 nm. As compared to Carduus edelbergii extract, the phytofabricated AgNPs had an increased antioxidant and cytotoxic efficacy. The AgNPs showed substantial antibacterial action against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli) bacteria. The findings revealed that the phytofabricated AgNPs could be an effective antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal for treatment of medical conditions.

BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ACANTHUS MONTANUS LEAVES EXTRACT

The tremendous application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the various scientific fields has rendered its synthesis to be largely significant in the scientific community. Interestingly, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles appears sustainable over the conventional synthetic method as a result of the cheap, safe, fast, and clean outcome. This study, for the first time, investigates the potential of Acanthus montanus leaves extract as a biological reducing agent capable of synthesizing AgNPs. Qualitative phytochemical investigation of A. montanus methanolic leaves extract was studied and AgNPs were prepared at different concentrations, using the green-synthetic method. Obtained AgNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results of the qualitative phytochemical studies revealed the presence of important phytochemicals. After 6 hours, the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the observed colour change from light yellow to dark/reddish brown. The UV-visible spectrum showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm while XRD analysis revealed crystalline AgNPs. Microscopic investigation of A. montanus-synthesized AgNPs with SEM showed a non-uniform morphology including spheres and wires. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver in abundance. For the first time, A. montanus leaves extract was employed in the synthesis of AgNPs and our results have proven its effectiveness as an interesting bioreducing agent required for the synthesis of clean and non-toxic AgNPs.

Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Pharmaceutical Capabilities Using Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. Leaf Extract.

In the last years, the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has been extensively researched as an affordable and eco-friendly method. The current study confirms for the first time the capability of the Otostegia persica (Burm.) Boiss. leaf extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The phytofabricated AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents, and the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties of the phytofabricated AgNPs and the O. persica leaf extract were assessed. The results showed that the produced AgNPs were crystalline in nature and spherical in shape with an average size of 36.5 ± 2.0 nm, and indicated a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at around 420 nm. The zeta potential value of −25.2 mV pointed that the AgNPs were stable. The phytofabricated AgNPs had lower total phenolic and flavonoids contents than those for the O. persica leaf extract. The abovementioned AgNPs showed a higher antioxidant activity as compared with the O. persica leaf extract. They also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. In addition, appropriate antifungal effects with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 18.75, 37.5, and 75 µg mL−1 against Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, respectively, were noted for this new bionanomaterial. Finally, the phytofabricated AgNPs showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in the human red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization test, being higher than that for the O. persica leaf extract. The resulting phytofabricated AgNPs could be used as a promising antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatments of many medical complications.

BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARISSA CARANDAS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

A Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a representative approach to environment benignity in material synthesis to avoid chemical toxicity. In this present study, we report an eco-friendly technique for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous leaves extract of Carissa carandas Linn, and the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The formation of AgNPs is confirmed by UV-Visible spectrum which peak highest at 436nm that corresponds to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The shape and size of synthesized AgNPs were determined by HR-TEM and FEG-SEM which indicated well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging from 20nm-40nm. The functional groups responsible for reduction of silver ions are demonstrated by FTIR. XRD reported the crystalline nature of AgNPs. DPPH assay shows AgNPs has better antioxidant potential than its aqueous leaves extract. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs using resazurin dye against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) was found to be in the range from 31.5 μg/mL to 125 μg/mL. This biogenic synthesis provides an environment friendly, clean, cost-effective, and easy method for synthesis of AgNPs with enhanced pharmacological activities.

A Study on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum Sanctum L (Tulsi) Leaf Extract & their Antimicrobial Activity: A Green Chemistry Approach

Nanoparticles (NPs) are being widely used in different fields; therefore, there is growing interest in the development of a biological and environmental safety method for their production. Now a day’s chemical and physical methods are being used for the development of nanoparticle that is costly, time-consuming, and harmful for the environment. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is a “Green chemistry” approach that connects different types of plants with nanotechnology. It has gained much more attention as a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing a wide range of materials/nanomaterials. Plants are called nature’s “chemical factories” therefore, plants and plant extracts are the best options to produce different types of nanoparticles. In this present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum and aqueous silver nitrate solution through a simple and eco-friendly method. Then the developed silver nanoparticles were characterized by using different types of techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and Fourier transforms infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was screened against microbial culture, and it was found that the synthesized silver nanoparticles have potential applications in antibacterial activity.

Flower-Mediated Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Butea monosperma Lam. and their Evaluation for Antibacterial Activity

The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is the simplest, affordable and eco-friendly approach, which attracted researchers because of their immense applications. The plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles plays an important role in the field of nanobiotechnology as they devoid of harmful chemicals. Plenty of reports were available on synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the vegetative parts of plant especially foliar/leaf parts but reports on floral/flower parts utilized for silver nanoparticles synthesis were limited. Although flowers were found as potential source of many important phytochemicals which can be used for treatments of many diseases and Butea monosperma Lam. Flowers were utilized for curing several diseases so, here its extract were used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using it as capping and stabilizing agent. The present study, deals with synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Butea monosperma Lam. Flower extracts through greener approach and then synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV- visible spectrometry, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which confirms its synthesis from silver metal. Further, the anti-bacterial properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied, and the results revealed that the flower mediated silver nanoparticles had showed strong anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.

Room temperature phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Momordica charantia: optical and antimicrobial properties

Nigeria is endowed with rich diversity of medicinal plants whose potential as “green” reducing agents are under-utilized. As the world is advocating for safe environment, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as an eco-friendly and sustainable synthetic route instead of using toxic chemicals. The method is fast, easy and cheaper compared with other conventional techniques. In this study, phytochemicals present in the leaf extract of indigenous Momordica charantia served as reducing, capping/stabilizing agents. The synthesized silver na-noparticles were characterized with Uv-vis spectrophotometer, photoluminescence (PL) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX). Antimicrobial activities of the synthesized nanosilver were investigated on isolated Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Optical measurement showed surface plasmon resonance with broad absorption peaks (400-450 nm). Significant growth inhibitions were also found at P <0.05 by means of analysis of variance SPSS tool. The leaf influenced nanosilver displayed highest activity on S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. coli with MIC and MBC value of 12.5 mg/mL. Least activity was detected against P. aeruginosa (50 mg/mL MIC and 100 mg/mL MBC). From this work, the biogenic nature and optical properties displayed by the as-prepared nanosilver strongly suggest its applications as candidate for therapeutic drugs, diagnostic and medical imaging.

Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves extract of Phyllanthus niruri (L.) and their antibacterial properties

In recent times, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has garnered wide interest owing to its inherent features such as rapidity, simplicity, eco-friendliness and cheaper costs. For the first time, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract in the current investigation. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak was identified to be 423 nm. The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of the silver nanoparticles was found to be 10-50 nm, with an average size 15 nm. FTIR analysis was done to identify the functional groups responsible for the synthesis of the AgNPs. The antibacterial potential of synthesized AgNPs was compared with that of aqueous extracts of P.niruri by well diffusion method. The AgNPs at 50µl concentration significantly inhibited bacterial growth against A.hydrophila (16 ± 0.09 mm). Thus AgNPs showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity at lower concentration and may be a good alternative therapeutic approach in future.&#x0D; Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, AgNps, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibacterial Activity.

Silver Nanoparticle—A Promising Anti-Mosquito's Agent: A Review

Mosquitoes play a key role as vector for different diseases including malaria, filariasis, and dengue fever. Prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases is a key challenge of huge public health importance. Limited tools are currently available against the main pathogens and parasites vectored by mosquitoes. Therefore, eco-friendly and effective control of mosquito vectors is of pivotal importance. Nanotechnology is a promising field and offers a wide range of research innovation in industrial sector. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles seems promising besides other control approaches and has recently gained attention as a cheap, rapid and eco-friendly method to control mosquito vector populations. Nanoparticle like silver shows a promising bioactivity against mosquitos due its size, shape and its characteristics. These may lead to the successful reduction of vector populations, since the sub-lethal doses of these nanoformulations are toxic towards the Culicidae, but not to their natural enemies. Nanoparticles may also boost the biocontrol agent predation rates. However, the field of green metal nanoparticles has certain limitation. Therefore, further research is needed to elaborate the precise mechanism(s) of action of green-fabricated metal nanoparticles and the optimization of the green nanosynthetic routes, in order to develop large-scale production of eco-friendly nanomosquitocides.

Luminescence and antibacterial studies of silver nanoparticles using the esterases-containing latex of E. Tirucalli plant via green route

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized from silver nitrate solutions using the esterase-containing latex of the E. Tirucalli plant widely found in a large region in Karnataka, India. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that intercom-nects nanotechnology and plant biotechnology. The effect of extract concentration, contact time, and temperature on the reaction rate and the shape of the Ag nanoparticles was investigated. The nanoparticles have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and morphology by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, as a function of the ratio of silver ions to reducing agent molecules. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that the crystal structure obtained is face-centered cubic (fcc). The morphology of the silver nanoparticle was uniform with well-distributed elliptical particles with a range from 15 to 25nm. Ag NPs exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus using the agar well diffusion method.

Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calliandra haematocephala leaf extract, their antibacterial activity and hydrogen peroxide sensing capability

In recent times, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has garnered wide interest owing to its inherent features such as rapidity, simplicity, eco-friendliness and cheaper costs. For the first time, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Calliandra haematocephala leaf extract in the current investigation. The as-formed silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak was identified to be 414nm. The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to detect the presence of elemental silver. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to ascertain the crystalline nature and purity of the silver nanoparticles which implied the presence of (111) and (220) lattice planes of the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of metallic silver. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to key out the specific functional groups responsible for the reduction of silver nitrate to form silver nanoparticles and the capping agents present in the leaf extract. The stability of the silver nanoparticles was analyzed by zeta potential measurements. A negative zeta potential value of −17.2mV proved the stability of the silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli – pathogenic bacteria – and the capacity to detect hydrogen peroxide by the silver nanoparticles were demonstrated which would find applications in the development of new antibacterial drugs and new biosensors to detect the presence of hydrogen peroxide in various samples respectively.