Plant In Treatment Of Diabetes Research Articles

Hypoglycemic Effect of Anthocleista djalonensis and Blighi unijugata

Anthocleista Djalonensis A Chev and Blighia unijugata Baker were collected and fractionated using petroleum ether, chloroform and ethylacetate. Spectroscopic quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out on the fractions and they were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and steroids while tannins were found in significant quantity. Cytotoxicity was carried out on the fractions the fractions and they were found to be active except AD-P, 41.0680/26.0345 µg/cm3 and AD-E, 41.0080/26.0345 µg/cm3 while BU-P was found to be the most active at 8.4095/15.0123 µg/cm3. Experimental animals were induced with diabetes using streptozotocin and treated with the active fractions, BU-C 250mg dosage was found to have reduced glucose sugar level from 21.68 ±1.54 mmol/l in the first week to 3.16 ±1.05b mmol/l while BU-C 500mg dosage was found to increase weight from 112.8 ±53.2mg to in the first week to 140.2 ±9.4bg in the second week of intervention. The presence of phytochemicals, non-toxicity and being able to reduce glucose sugar in experimental animals by Blighia unijugata Baker chloroform fraction of makes a potential plant for treatment of diabetes.

Ethyl acetate fraction of Fagara zanthoxyloides root-bark possess antidiabetic property against alloxan-induced diabetes and its complications in Wistar rat model

Ethnopharmacological relevanceFagara zanthoxyloides Lam., an African traditional medicinal plant, is used for treatment of malaria and diabetes. AimTo investigate the antidiabetic property of ethyl acetate fraction of F. zanthoxyloides root-bark (EAFFZRB) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methodsExtraction, isolation, preliminary phytochemical analysis, and acute toxicity study of ethanol extract and fractions of F. zanthoxyloides root-bark were achieved using standard methods. Phyto-constituents in EAFFZRB were identified using HPLC technique. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (140–185 g) were randomized into 6 groups (n = 8). Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and negative controls, respectively. Diabetes was induced in test groups (2–6) using 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w) Alloxan monohydrate. Rats in groups 4–6 received of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.w. EAFFZRB orally, respectively, for 21 days. Group 3 rats received 5 mg/kg b.w Glibenclamide. The effect of EAFFZRB on alterations in hematological, biochemical, and histological indices of study rats were assessed. ResultsExtraction of 3500 g ethanol extract yielded 15.71 g EAFFZRB. HPLC fingerprint of EAFFZRB indicated presence of luteolin, rutin, quercetin, apigenin, cinnamic acid and catechin. Diabetes triggered significant (p < 0.05) alterations in b.w., hematological, biochemical and histological indices of test rats relative to normal control. Treatment with EAFFZRB (LD50 = 3807.9 mg/kg b.w.) resulted in remarkable improvements in altered b.w. changes, hematological, biochemical and histological parameters of diabetic rats. ConclusionThe study demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of EAFFZRB, providing scientific basis for traditional use of the plant in treatment of diabetes and its complications.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes and hypertension used in communities near Fathala Forest, Senegal

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are serious health issues, and both are predicted to increase, particularly in Africa. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify plants used to treat diabetes and hypertension and (2) characterize their therapeutic uses based on ethnobotanical information. Methods: Semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with traditional healers, patients, nurses and other actors near Fathala Classified Forest in western Senegal. Data were processed using content analysis. Citation frequency (CF) was used to determine importance of each species. Results: A total of 38 species were used to treat diabetes and hypertension. These belong to 34 genera and 21 families. Eighteen species were used to treat both diabetes and hypertension, 12 were used to treat hypertension and eight to treat diabetes. The most used plant parts were leaves (56%) bark (10%) and roots (10%). Preparation of the medicine mainly consisted of decoction (45%), infusion (17%) and maceration (15%) and most medicines were taken as a drink (76%). The most used species in the treatment of diabetes are Terminalia avicennioides (FC= 69%), Sclerocarya birrea (FC=23 %) and Cocos nucifera (FC=15%). Moringa oleifera (FC=46,15%), Oxytenanthera abyssinica (FC=30,76%) and Detarium microcarpum (FC=23,07%) are mainly used against hypertension. Combretaceae (28,57%), Fabaceae (28,57%) and Anacardiaceae (19,05%), are most represented families. Conclusion: A diversity of native plants were used as antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicine. Ethnobotanical knowledge could constitute a foundation for identifying new active ingredients for developing new or improved medicine. Key words: Africa, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, medicinal plants, traditional knowledge.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Galega officinalis and its hypoglycemic effects in type 1 diabetic rats

Objective(s): Diabetes is related with the higher blood levels of liver enzymes and inflammatory factors. Galega officinalis is used as a medicinal plant for treatment of diabetes traditionally. In this work, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized with green method using Galega officinalis extract.Materials and Methods: The synthesized green Ag-NPs were characterized completely. Intact or diabetic rats receieved intraperitoneal injection of saline or 2/5mg/Kg green synthesized Ag-NPs. Mean serum levels of glucose, hepatic enzymes and hematological parameter were determined. Gene expression of tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) was done by real-time PCR. Results: Synthesis of green synthesized Ag-NPs was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and UV-vis analyses. The FESEM and TEM images showed spherical Ag-NPs with size of 25 nm. The hypoglycemic influence of Ag-NPs using Galega officinalis extract is reported for the first time in this study. Blood concentration of liver enzymes, urea, glucose, white blood cells count and TNF-α mRNA levels in visceral adipose tissue significantly declined in diabetic rats receiving Ag-NPs.Conclusion: The synthesized Ag-NPs using Galega officinalis extract may improve complication of diabetes via preventing liver hepatocyte damage and reducing inflammatory factors.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of various extracts of aerial parts of Fagonia indica Burm. F.

Purpose: To investigate in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic potentials of Fagonia indica Burm.f. Var. indica in order to provide scientific evidence for its traditional use.&#x0D; Methods: Cold maceration method was employed for the preparation of extracts of aerial parts of the plant using chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and water as solvents. Total flavonoid and polyphenolic content of various extracts were determined by standard methods. The antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the extracts were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and in vitro αglucosidase (maltase) inhibitory assays, respectively.&#x0D; Results: Preliminary results indicated the presence of various phytochemicals in the extracts. The chloroform extract exhibited the highest contents of total flavonoids (65.98 ± 1.63 mg QE/g) and polyphenols (26.75 ± 1.09 mg GAE/g). This extract also showed the highest free radical scavenging (64.74 ± 1.43 %) with IC50 value of 34.18 ± 5.57 µg/mL while the methanol extract exerted the highest αglucosidase (maltase) inhibitory activity (45.22 ± 0.46 %) with half-maximal concentration (IC50) of 220.4 ± 0.41 µg/mL.&#x0D; Conclusion: The extracts of the aerial parts of Fagonia indica possess significant anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect, thus justifying the traditional use of the plant for treatment of diabetes.

Protective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum crude extract over damage induced by Sreptozotocin diabetes rats

The seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) are used for treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. This paper examines the protection effects of fenugreek from the damage induced by streptozotocin diabetes rats. Tannins content of T. foenum-graecum was also estimated in vitro. Normoglycemic male Wistar rats, weighing 170-250 g, were selected and randomly divided into five groups (n= 6): normal control, diabetic + TFGE (200mg/kg), diabetic+ TFGE (600mg/kg), diabetic + Glibil (3mg/kg), untreated group. Diabetes was induced after a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) and Fenugreek was given every day via orogastric tube for 18 days. At the end of experiment, rats were sacarificed. Organ weight was estimated of all groups. Trigonella foenum-graecum administration significantly improved the polydipsia, polyphagia, and it also compensated weight loss of diabetic rats (P&lt;0.05, P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, fenugreek had a significant concentration of tannins (806.22 ±0.036 µg TAE/gE). The results revealed that fenugreek improves the damage in diabetic rats that in some ways validates the traditional use of this plant in treatment of diabetes.&#x0D; Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Protective effect, Streptozotocin, Tannins, Trigonella foenum-graecum

Antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol fractions of Paspalum scrobiculatum linn. grains in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major causes of increasing obesity, which in turn causes diabetes and cardiovascular problems. With this alarming increase, there is a need for alternative therapies to treat diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Objectives: To evaluate antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects of fractions of Paspalum scrobiculatum grains in rats. Materials and Methods: Different doses of Hexane: Ethyl acetate fraction of P. scrobiculatum (HEPS) and Ethyl acetate: Methanol fraction of P. scrobiculatum (EMPS) fractions of P. scrobiculatum were administered to the high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats with glibenclamide at 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w) as a standard reference. Biochemical and histopathological changes were assessed after 5 weeks of treatment. Results: Daily oral treatment with HEPS and EMPS each at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w for 5 weeks was found to be significant in the reduction of plasma glucose levels, HbA1c, increased plasma insulin levels, and normalized lipid profile and liver function parameters in HFD and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, degenerative histopathological changes seen in liver, kidney, and pancreas of diabetic rats were found to be normalized in HEPS and EMPS as comparable to that of glibenclamide-treated rats. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that HEPS and EMPS fractions of P. scrobiculatum grains possess promising antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic potential without apparent toxic effects, which may prove the claimed use of the plant in treatment of diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Role of herbs on diabetes for a healthy person - A litera ture review

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus also referred as hyperglycaemia is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from the insulin deficiency or insulin dysfunction. Currently, the main and effective treatment for diabetes is the use of insulin and hypoglycaemic drugs, but these compounds also have many adverse side effects. Medicinal plants have a long history of usage and today, they are being extensively used for various diseases. Objective: To describe the therapeutic effects of various herbs and their role in treatment of, diabetes. Methodology: Review of evidences for the therapeutic effects of various herbs in treatment of, diabetes from the various published articles. Results: Evidences have shown that there is a valuable and proven benefit of various herbs mainly insulin plant in treatment of diabetes. Conclusion: Evidences suggests that various herbs mainly insulin plant can have a positive therapeutic effect on the blood glucose levels thus relieving the adverse effects of, diabetes and controlling it. The Physicians should advice their patients about the importance of herbs and their benefits in the diabetes.

The Potential Efficacy of Stevia Extract, Glimepiride and Their Combination in Treating Diabetic Rats: A Novel Strategy in Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The currently therapy of type 2 diabetes is unsatisfactory. Nowadays, there is a great interest in using the medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes. Therefore, we studied the efficacy of stevia extract alone and in combination with commonly used sulfonylureas ”glimepiride” in a trial to introduce a new effective therapeutic regimen for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, IP) followed by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, IP) were injected for induction of type 2 diabetes in male rats. The diabetic groups were treated for 21 days as the following, the first with stevia extract (300 mg/kg), the second with glimepiride (1 mg/kg), and the third with a combination of glimepiride and stevia extract. Many parameters were measured to evaluate the alleviation of the toxic effect of streptozotocin by stevia and/or glimepiride. Immunohistochemical expression of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) was assessed in renal tissues. Results: The stevia extract reduced the blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) levels and malondialdehyde concentration compared to control diabetic group. Stevia treatment improved insulin and adiponectin levels. Stevia reduced eNOS expression in renal tissues compared to the diabetic rats. All these changes were more significant with combined treatment. Conclusion: Stevia and glimepiride may be a new putative therapeutic regimen for management of type 2 diabetes and its complications.

Medicinal plants used for treatment of diabetes by the marakh sect of the Garo tribe living in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological disorder arising from insulin deficiency or due to ineffectiveness of the insulin produced by the body. This results in high blood glucose and with time, to neurological, cardiovascular, retinal and renal complications. It is a debilitating disease and affects the population of every country of the world. Around 200 million people of the world suffer from this disease and this figure is projected to rise to 300 million in the coming years. The disease cannot be cured with allopathic medicine as the drugs used do not restore normal glucose homeostasis and moreover have side-effects. On the other hand, traditional medicinal practitioners of various countries claim to cure diabetes or at least alleviate the major symptoms and progression of this disease through administration of medicinal plants. The Garos are an indigenous community of Bangladesh, who still follow their traditional medicinal practices. Their traditional medicinal formulations contain a number of plants, which they claim to be active antidiabetic agents. Since observation of indigenous practices have led to discovery of many modern drugs, it was the objective of the present study to conduct a survey among the Marakh sect of the Garos residing in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh to find out the medicinal plants that they use for treatment of diabetes. It was found that the tribal practitioners of the Marakh sect of the Garos use twelve medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes. These plants were Lannea coromandelica, Alstonia scholaris, Catharanthus roseus, Enhydra fluctuans, Terminalia chebula, Coccinia grandis, Momordica charantia, Cuscuta reflexa, Phyllanthus emblica, Syzygium aqueum, Drynaria quercifolia, and Clerodendrum viscosum. A review of the scientific literature demonstrated that almost all the plants used by the Garo tribal practitioners have reported antidiabetic and/or antioxidant properties and have enormous potential for possible development of new and efficacious antidiabetic drugs.

Hypoglycemic Effect of Kyllinga Triceps in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats

Kyllinga triceps is an Indian medicinal plant demonstrated to exert multiple pharmacological effects. In light of traditional claim of the plant in treatment of diabetes, the present study was carried out to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the plant in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were given Kyllinga triceps extract (KTE, 100mg/kg & 200mg/kg) and Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) for 28 days. The effects of both treatments on body weight and blood glucose were assessed. Both doses of extract and Glibenclamide showed significant hypoglycemic activity in acute and sub acute study. Body weight of extract and glibenclamide treated rats were maintained during the study period Where as body weight of untreated rats had gone down. The result obtained from the study scientifically proved the folkloric use of Kyllinga triceps as hypoglycemic agent. Thus the plant can be key contributor in treatment of Diabetes.

Anti Diabetic Effect of Cherries in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both of them. Adverse side effects of chemical drugs for treatment of diabetes persuaded the using of medical plants. Cherry as a traditionally used plant for treatment of diabetes, is packed with powerful plant pigments called anthocyanins. They give cherries their dark red color and are one of the richest antioxidant sources which lower the blood sugar and bear other beneficial health effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of cherry fruit on alloxan induced diabetic rats. In this study 36 Male Wistar rats, body weight of 150-200gr were divided into 6 groups. Diabetes was induced by intra peritoneal injection of 120 mg/kg Alloxan. The duration of the cherries treatment was 30 days in which single dose of extracts (200mg/kg) were oral administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were estimated with glucometer before treatment, 2h and 1- 4 weeks after administration of extracts. Treatment with extracts of the cherries resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and urinary microalbumin and an increase in the creatinine secretion level in urea. Extract of this plant is useful in controlling the blood glucose level. Cherries appear to aid in diabetes control and diminution of the complications of the disease. Some relevant patents are also outlined in this article.