Phytogeographic Research Articles

Потенциальный биоклиматический ареал Ephedra distachya L.

The paper presents modern data on the distribution of Ephedra distachya L. an attempt was made to model the bioclimatic range of the species using the maximum entropy method and compare the obtained data with the range defined in the report «Flora of the USSR», taking into account additions from the monographs «Flora of the European Part of the USSR» and «Geography of Trees plants of the USSR». MaxEnt modeling of the potential range of E. distachya was carried out on the basis of the herbarium collections of Saratov State University (SARAT), the GBIF database and the Plantarium electronic atlas. A total of 6973 species location points were used. In accordance with the obtained bioclimatic model, in the modern climate the most favorable conditions for the existence of the species are on the coasts of the Black, Azov, Marmara, Mediterranean and Caspian Seas, in the territories of the former AzSSR, Ukrainian SSR and Georgian SSR. In the RSFSR (modern Russian Federation), the species is optimally located in the Volga, North Caucasus and Southern federal districts. A sharp narrowing of the potential range is observed in the Ural and Central Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, as well as in the territories of the former TurSSR and KazSSR. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by the high AUC (Area Under Curve) score, which is 0.933 for training data and 0.930 for test data. Climatic parameters have been established that influence the distribution of the species, in which its existence is optimal. The greatest contribution to the construction of the model after permutation was made by isothermality (32%), average annual temperature (23.1%), average monthly daily temperature amplitude (12.4%), as well as the maximum temperature of the warmest month (11.6%). A correlation analysis of the parameters that made the greatest contribution after permutation was carried out. When estimating the error using the jackknife method, a variable (average annual temperature) was obtained that contains the most information that is not in other variables; the exclusion of this variable leads to deterioration of the model.

Whole genome resequencing reveals the evolutionary history and geographic isolation of the eastern Asian Hickory (Carya)

Societal Impact StatementUnraveling the genetic intricacies and evolutionary history of Asian Hickories through advanced genome sequencing gives valuable insights into their ecological adaptations. Understanding the impact of historical dynamics, climate fluctuations, and geographical barriers on Asian hickories not only contributes to scientific knowledge but also empowers policymakers with evidence‐based decisions and guides conservationists in their efforts to protect vulnerable species. The identification of potential habitats, especially for the endangered Carya kweichowensis, offers a promising avenue for targeted conservation efforts, aligning with global initiatives to preserve Earth's precious biodiversity, but also ensures the conservation of a vital genetic reservoir for nut‐bearing economic tree species.SummaryBiogeographic characteristics of disjunct distribution play a vital role in plant geography and the endangered mechanism. The whole genome resequencing provides an opportunity to study the genetic relationship, population diffusion, and floristic evolution of disjunctive‐distribution flora. Based on the SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) data generated by the whole genome deep resequencing of five EA (Eastern Asian) Carya species, we constructed the phylogenetic tree, genetic structure, and species distribution modeling to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and to predict the potential distribution area of EA Carya. Phylogenetic analysis of Carya revealed two distinct clades, separating EA Carya from NA (North America) Carya. C. kweichowensis, an endangered species, showed the lowest nucleotide diversity and the earliest divergence among studied EA Carya species. Species distribution modeling predicted suitable habitats for five EA Carya species, revealing the potential distribution of endangered C. kweichowensis. Importantly, minimal spatial overlap was observed among distribution regions of EA Carya species during different time periods. The uneven regional distribution of EA Carya is believed to be a consequence of Quaternary climate fluctuations, mountain barriers hindering species dispersal, and the limited cold tolerance of these trees. EA Carya highlights the significant role of climate and geological changes in their regional distribution and migration routes in Asia. Furthermore, the discovery of potential habitats offers a promising avenue for the conservation of C. kweichowensis.

Pollen Morphology in Relation to Taxonomy and Plant Geography of Resedaceae

Pollen morphological studies on 5 genera and 23 species have been made in the present investigation. Resedaceae is a stenopalynous family. Out of the three tribes, the tribe Cayluseeae is quite distinct pollen morphologically due to larger pollen size, apertural granules and exine ornamentation. The tribe Resedeae and Astrocarpae show close affinity. Reseda arabica Boiss. has larger pollen grains and stands apart in the tribe Resedeae. In this character it approaches the Caylusea sp. of the tribe Cayluseeae but in other pollen character they differ.The apertural granules in this family is interesting. Its nature, origin and significance will be useful.These apertural granules in this family suggest its closer relationship with the tribe Cleomae of the family Capparaceae from the palynological point of view.

Survival, Sustenance, and Self-Sufficiency in a Tale of Two Sisters: Plant Geographies in Jean Hegland’s "Into the Forest"

As evidenced by its title, Into the Forest (1996) by Jean Hegland traces the movement of two adolescent girls ever further into the forest in a post-apocalyptic account of the near future. Set in Redwood, California, it depicts a world where trees are gigantic and long-lasting while humans are diminutive and diminishing, while contemporary human technological society has fallen apart. Plants, trees, and the forest, and an increasingly intimate and Indigenous knowledge and relationship with these, play a key and ever-growing role in the novel and illuminate its otherwise dark vision of the future. Ultimately, the sisters’ taking of an increasingly plant-based perspective offers an alternative trajectory and path toward survival, sustenance, and self-sufficiency for the two young women. Although not necessarily written for young adults exclusively, the novel, whose international impact is evidenced by the fact that translated into over a dozen languages, made into a film in Canada, and adapted as a graphic novel in French, focuses on young adult protagonists and tells a post-apocalyptic tale that is both dark and inspiring in its vision of self-sufficiency and reintegration with nature, forest, and plants. It thus shows itself to be a work of young adult literature in many respects, as well as in its implied ecofeminist critique of capitalist society and a more sustainable vision of the future represented by the young. This article examines various plant geographies in Into the Forest and the way in which the forest represents a space of refuge from mankind and society; provides healing and sustenance; serves as an alternative abode; and represents a birthplace of the future. It argues that an increasingly plant-based perspective figures centrally in the book’s narrative arc from beginning to end, from its title and setting to the trajectory of its unfolding plot, and in its conclusion and vision of the future.

A.P. Khokhrjakov and the botanical geography of the Okhotsk-Kolyma Region

The Magadan period in life and scientific career of the remarkable botanist A.P. Khokhrjakov is described. He devoted a significant part of his creative life to this mountainous harsh, but amazing edge of our country. Botanical geography became one of the focuses among a wide range of his scientifi c interests during that period of intensive study of flora and vegetation of the vast mountainous territories of the Magadan region and neighboring territories. A deep multidimensional analysis of flora with the allocation of its geographical and genetic elements together with a thorough attention to the endemic and relict species, became an outcome of these studies. That basis allowed him to approach an understanding of the formation and development of the flora of various regions, making his original contribution to the development of botanical, geographical and floral zoning of Northeast Asia. Numerous publications by A.P. Khokhrjakov remain in demand and serve as necessary sources of information on this complex and distinctive mountain flora.

Analysis of Nutritional Components, Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus Aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle of Assam, India

Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, mostly known as the Key lime or Mexican lime. In Assam, it is known as ‘Gol Nemu’, which is a small, evergreen citrus tree having significant place in the botanical geography of Assam, India. The present study is concentrated on the analysis of the nutritional components, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties of Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, cultivated in the region of Kamrup District, Assam, India. The results of this research provide scientific understanding of Citrus aurantiifolia as an abundant source of nutrients like soluble carbohydrate, soluble protein, free fatty acids, vitamin C, along with potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The illumination of this study could have implications for its implementation in both nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in encouraging its consumption for enhanced well-being.

МІСЦЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ІНВАЗІЙНОЇ ФЛОРИ У СТРУКТУРІ СУЧАСНОГО ПРИРОДНИЧО-НАУКОВОГО ЗНАННЯ

This study places a strong emphasis on the role of landscape knowledge in investigating phytoinvasions. It underscores the significance of studying invasive flora within the broader context of researching anthropogenic environmental changes. Phytoinvasions are highlighted as crucial factors in shaping anthropogenic landscapes. This research aligns with the emerging scientific discipline known as invasive geobotany, situated at the intersection of biology, geography, and ecology, particularly in the fields of botany, anthropogenic landscape studies, and plant ecology. In the spectrum of contemporary natural knowledge, invasive geobotany occupies a pivotal position, bridging the realms of biology, geography, and ecology. This study underscores that invasive plants are integral elements of anthropogenic landscapes. It emphasizes that anthropogenic changes in vegetation, exemplified by phytoinvasions, occur within the broader context of human-induced environmental transformation. The interdisciplinary facets of invasive geobotany are delineated, highlighting its diverse connections as typified by O. I. Shabliy. These connections encompass genetic connections, which elucidate the genesis of this field of study, informational links, pointing to the sources of empirical data, connections established based on shared research objectives and methodologies, as well as organizational affiliations related to research support within a shared scientific framework. Specifically, genetic connections link invasive botany with botany and phytocenology. Informational interdisciplinary connections and shared research objectives and methods predominantly connect invasive botany with geography, particularly plant geography, transport geography, and anthropogenic landscape studies. Organizational interdisciplinary connections within invasive geobotany can be established both within the biological and geographical sciences. The wide range of interdisciplinary connections in invasive geobotany, coupled with the rapidly increasing number of scientific publications, indicates its status as a burgeoning field within modern natural science. This suggests the potential for a further increase in research activity in this area, including the emergence of new aspects in the study of phytoinvasions in the near future.

Orchids of the Southern Cone (1830–2000) – Part III. Karl Friedrich Reiche’s Orchidaceae Chilensis and a commentary about Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin’s Orchidacearum Genera et Species (Vol. 2, Part I)

Karl Reiche (1860–1929), a German botanist, came to Chile in 1889 as a professor at the Lyceum in the city of Constitución. He was attracted by the country’s climate and its traditional friendliness to German immigrants. A few years later, in 1897, Federico Phillippi, Director of the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, welcomed Reiche as the new Head of the Botanical Section, a position he held until 1910. During his 21 years in Chile, Reiche worked intensively on the Chilean flora and was a prolific writer. Besides six volumes of the Estudios críticos de la Flora de Chile (1896–1911), several editions of Reiche’s Plant Geography of Chile were published (1907, 1934–1937, 2013), a magnificent essay on Chiles’ Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae Chilensis (1910, reprint 2007), and several other minor works. On Reiche’s suggestion, The Museo Nacional engaged Friedrich Kraenzlin (1847–1934) to write a treatment of the orchids of the Southern Cone that was published in 1904 as the second volume of Orchidacearum Genera et Species, a work that was widely criticized by many botanists, beginning with Reiche himself.

Keanekaragaman polen sebagai sumber pakan lebah Trigona sp. di Desa Sukawening Kecamatan Dramaga Kabupaten Bogor

Stingless bees generally produce honey products, but there is also pollen that can be studied in melissopalinology to identify pollen morphology, type and geography of plants. Pollen can also reveal the feeding aspects of stingless bees that are useful for their survival. This study was conducted to identify the diversity of pollen used as a food source for stingless bees Trigona sp. in Sukawening Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. The research method used was the extraction of pollen from honey, acetolysis, identification and calculated the percentage of pollen. The results obtained 24 types of pollen (4 species have not been identified) which belong to 19 families and the dominant source of pollen comes from herbaceous plants. The percentage of pollen collected from Trigona sp. in Sukawening Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency is dominated by Cocos nucifera which is 11.03% categorized as Important Minor Pollen Type (IMPT) (3-15%).

"My Reputation is at Stake." Humboldt's Mountain Plant Geography in the Making (1803-1825).

Alexander von Humboldt's depictions of mountain vegetation are among the most iconic nineteenth century illustrations in the biological sciences. Here we analyse the contemporary context and empirical data for all these depictions, namely the Tableau physique des Andes (1803, 1807), the Geographiae plantarum lineamenta (1815), the Tableau physique des Îles Canaries (1817), and the Esquisse de la Géographie des plantes dans les Andes de Quito (1824/1825). We show that the Tableau physique des Andes does not reflect Humboldt and Bonpland's field data and presents a flawed depiction of plant occurrences and vertical succession of vegetation belts, arising from Humboldt's misreading of La Condamine's description (1751). Humboldt's 1815 depiction, by contrast, shows a distribution of high-vegetation belts that is consistent with La Condamine's description, while the 1824 depiction drops innovations made in 1815 and returns to simply showing numerous species' names, thus not applying Humboldt's own earlier zonation framework. Our analysis of contemporary reactions to Humboldt's TPA includes Francis Hall's posthumously published 1834 illustration of Andean plant zonation near Quito and Humboldt's reaction to Hall's critique. Throughout his work on plant geography, Humboldt disregarded some of his own observations, or confused them. At stake was his reputation as an innovator in the field of plant geography and a discoverer of the sequence of high-elevation vegetation belts on the world's mountains.

Leaf economics fundamentals explained by optimality principles.

The life span of leaves increases with their mass per unit area (LMA). It is unclear why. Here, we show that this empirical generalization (the foundation of the worldwide leaf economics spectrum) is a consequence of natural selection, maximizing average net carbon gain over the leaf life cycle. Analyzing two large leaf trait datasets, we show that evergreen and deciduous species with diverse construction costs (assumed proportional to LMA) are selected by light, temperature, and growing-season length in different, but predictable, ways. We quantitatively explain the observed divergent latitudinal trends in evergreen and deciduous LMA and show how local distributions of LMA arise by selection under different environmental conditions acting on the species pool. These results illustrate how optimality principles can underpin a new theory for plant geography and terrestrial carbon dynamics.

PLANT DIVERSITY IN DAK NONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM: A CASE STUDY IN DAK GLONG AND KRONG NO DISTRICT

This study was conducted in Quang Son commune (Dak Glong district), Quang Phu and Dak Nang commune (Krong No district), Dak Nong province, to determine the diversity of plant resources. The temporary transect survey and sample plot method were applied to assess the properties of forest resources as the foundation for conservation management and sustainable development of this valuable resource. This study demonstrates that the flora in Dak Nong has tremendous and vital value in terms of plant biodiversity. A total of 731 species, 425 genera, and 145 families of plants were recorded. The most diverse families are Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, etc. The genera with dominant species numbers are Ficus, Syzygium, Bulbophyllum, Cinnamomum, Crotalaria, etc. Regarding the life-form spectrum, Phanerophytes (Ph) accounted for 85.50% of species of the whole flora; in terms of plant geography, up to 89.47% of species belonging to tropical elements in the study area. The flora has high use and conservation value, with 533 useful plant species and 74 plant species threatened nationally and internationally. These results indicate that merging this forest resource into Nam Nung Nature Reserve is required to more effectively manage, conserve and develop a valuable resource beyond its potential and value.

A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change.

Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world-wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat-specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on (1) potential for acclimation, (2) response to elevated CO2 , (3) role of the microbiome, and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.

YURI IVANOVICH MANKO – A LIFE DEDICATED TO THE FOREST

An article about the famous Far Eastern forester, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Honored Forester of Russia Yuri Ivanovich Manko (25.11.1931 – 19.02.2021). After graduating from the Siberian Forestry Institute in 1954, he was assigned to the Far Eastern branch of the SB Academy of Sciences of the USSR named after V.L. Komarov and taken to the Department of Botany and Plant Science in the Laboratory of Forestry, which was organized and headed by Professor Boris Pavlovich Kolesnikov. In 1966, already as part of the Biology and Soil Sience Institute, established in 1962, the laboratory was reorganized into a non-structural forest Department. In 1962, Yu.I. Manko defended his Candidate thesis «Natural regeneration of fir-spruce forests of the northern half of Sikhote-Alin and some issues of their structure and development», in 1985 – his doctoral dissertation «Ayan spruce (distribution, biology, classification of forest types, features of age structure and dynamics of phytocenoses». The scientific heritage of Yuri Ivanovich exceeds 330 publications on forestry, botany, soil science, botanical geography, history of science, nature conservation issues. Yuri Ivanovich Manko throughout his scientific activity developed and promoted the «genetic» or «geographical-genetic» direction of forest typology closely related to the forest formation process, which was developed on the basis of the scientific heritage of B.A. Ivashkevich-B.P. Kolesnikov. He supplemented the theory of the forest formation process by characterizing the zonal features of this process in the area of the Ayan spruce with autogenous vegetation development and exogenous destructive effects. They were shown that the spectrum of particular forest-forming processes is specific for various sub-formations and geographical facies, and their dynamics depends on geomorphological conditions and the speed of modern reliefforming processes. The name of Yuri Ivanovich Manko is inscribed in the history of Far Eastern science as an outstanding researcher of forests.

Shaping Scientific Fundamentals of Anthropic Phytocenology as a Branch of Anthropogenic Landscape Studies

The phenomena of adventitious and synanthropic flora can be considered both from biological positions - then they are studied as elements of phytocenosis and biocenosis as a whole, and from geographical ones – then the basic concept in the research becomes the landscape. Adventitious and synanthropic species are elements of biocenosis and landscape at the same time, but it is the landscape approach that makes it possible to highlight the above-mentioned scientific problem in the most complete way. Studies of adventitious and synanthropic phytocenoses are interdisciplinary. Due to the key role of a human bein in spreading the processes of adventitization, synanthropization and phytoinvasions, the scientific discipline that puts such studies in the center of attention is anthropic phytocenology. The methodological basis of anthropic phytocenological studies is the provisions of anthropogenic landscape science, modern ecology, noospherology, the concept of sustainable development, the doctrine of the interaction of nature and society, as well as the laws of dialectics, systemic and synergistic approaches, etc. Anthropic phytocenology is connected by genetic interdisciplinary connections with botany and ecology, in particular, phytocenology. Its object-subject sphere partially coincides with these sciences. In particular, specific (real) objects of research - plants – are connected with botany. Anthropic phytocenology combines with ecology the study of a conceptual object – connections and relations between elements of the ecosystem, namely – aboriginal and adventitious species. As for phytocenology, we consider anthropic phytocenology as one of its sections, which studies adventitious plant species and synanthropic phytocenoses. Information ties of anthropic phytocenology are manifested at its boundary with geography, transport technologies, and plant ecology. Thus, from the geography of plants, anthropic phytocenology takes data on the limitation of species to certain conditions of the geographical environment – geomorphological, climatic, etc. Thanks to the geography of transport, anthropic phytocenology receives information about the main directions of movement of plants, in particular by railway transport. From landscape science, anthropic phytocenology obtains data on the ratio of natural landscapes in which one or another species is aboriginal or adventitious. The study of transport technologies makes it possible to obtain information about some parameters of plant movement. Plant ecology provides insight into the mechanisms of competition between native and adventitious species in a given area. The commonality of the object of the research shows the interdisciplinary connections of anthropic phytocenology with anthropogenic landscape science, synecology. By the commonality of methods, anthropic phytocenology is connected with almost all earth sciences, in which research is impossible without observing objects and their fixation. Connections with geography are of particular importance, from which anthropic phytocenology borrows cartographic and – in part – mathematical methods. Anthropic phytocenology as a scientific discipline needs its own conceptual and terminological apparatus. Its components are, first of all, concepts and terms of landscape science in general and anthropogenic landscape science in particular, as well as plant ecology, especially phytocenology. The geographical component of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of anthropic phytocenology consists mainly of concepts and terms related to the category «landscape». Concepts expressing its structural components, such as «locality», «tract», «facies», are related to the latter. Of the concepts and terms used in plant ecology, those containing the words «aboriginal», «adventitious», «invasive», «synanthropic», etc., as well as «biotope», «biocenosis», «biogeocenosis», are related to anthropic phytocenology, «local growth», «ecological niche», «phytocenosis», etc. Keywords: adventitious flora, synanthropic flora, landscape, phytocenosis, interdisciplinary connections, conceptual and terminological apparatus.

Structure changes of the subalpine Taiwan fir (Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito) forest from 2008 to 2018

ABSTRACT Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito is an endemic species mainly distributed in Taiwan’s subalpine region with an elevation of 3,000–3,600 m above sea level. It is a significant ecological indicator species in high subtropical mountains regarding plant geography and climate change. Taiwan is an island in the Asian-Pacific region. Typhoons cause forest gaps belonging to small-scale disturbances in the forest ecosystem, which is critical in maintaining species diversity and forest regeneration. We set up seven long-term monitoring plots of Ab. kawakamii forest to investigate the stand structure, species composition, and environmental factors of Mount (Mt.) Xue in Shei-Pa National Park. Comparing tree numbers between two surveys in a decade. Most of the population structure of Ab. kawakamii showed a similar positive skewness distribution between the two surveys, indicating that the population of Ab. kawakamii forest in Mt. Xue would be stable. According to principal component analysis (PCA), population structure of Ab. kawakamii correlated with dominant understory species and saplings of Ab. kawakamii but may be related to their habitat condition, such as elevation. Death trees released space and resources as gaps in the subalpine forest, which initiated micro-succession in the Ab. kawakamii forest.

Plant Sociology and Ecology of the Area Between Yayladağı, Kışlak (Hatay) and the Syrian Border

Araştırma alanı, Akdeniz Bölgesinin Hatay iline bağlı Yayladağı ilçesi sınırları içerisindedir. Yayladağı, bitki coğrafyası bakımından Akdeniz floristik bölgesine, Davis'in kareleme sistemine göre de C6 karesine dâhildir. Türkiye‟nin en güney noktasının bitki sosyolojisi ve vejetasyon ekolojisini kapsayan bu çalışma, alanın biyolojik çeşitliliği, ekosistem çeşitliliği ve genetik kaynakların belirlenmesi, korunması ve sürdürülebilir yönetimini sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda, klasik Braun-Blanquet (1932) metoduna göre analiz edilerek çalışma alanında frigana, maki ve orman vejetasyonu tipine ait 10 tanesi bilim dünyası için yeni kabul edilen 11 bitki birliği belirlendi. Üst sintaksonomik kategori değerlendirmesinde 10 tane birlik (Spartio-Quercetum cocciferae ass. nova, Genisto-Juniperetum oxycedri ass. nova, Querco-Lauretum nobilis ass. nova, Asperulo-Quercetum cocciferae ass. nova, Pistacio-Quercetum cocciferae ass. nova, Querco-Cerridetum siliquastri ass. nova, Osyris-Gonocytisus pterocladus ass. nova, Phillyreo-Pinetum brutiae Özyiğit ve ark. (2015), Erico-Pinetum brutiae ass. nova, Myrto-Pinetum brutiae ass. nova) belirlenmiştir. Quercion calliprini Zohary (1962) alyansı, Pistacio- Rhamnetalia alaterni Braun-Blanquet (1947) ordosu ve Quercetalia ilicis Braun-Blanquet (1947) sınıfında değerlendirilirken, bir tane birlik (Cisto-Calycotometum villosae ass. nova) Cistion orientale Oberd (1954) alyansı, Cisto-Micromerietalia Oberd (1954) ordosu ve Cisto-Micromerietea Oberd (1954) sınıfında değerlendirilmiştir. Birliklerin bitki-iklim-toprak arasındaki ilişkiler de ekolojik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma alanı ve çevresinin doğal bitki birlikleri üzerindeki insan kaynaklı olumsuz etkiler belirleşmiş ve vejetasyonun korunmasına yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Заметки по истории геоботанического картографирования (по материалам выставки геоботанических карт в Ботаническом институте им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, организованной к 100-летию Отдела геоботаники)

During the conference, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Department of Geobotany, the exhibition “Development of vegetation mapping in Russia” was organized at the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS. The aim of the exhibition was to show the consistent development of theoretical approaches to the compilation of legends, mapping techniques and methods, the development of various schools of vegetation mapping in Russia. About 70 maps of different times, from 1900 to the present, were demonstrated. Brief explanatory texts were given. The exhibition included the survey maps of the vegetation of Russia (former USSR) and some individual regions; medium- and large-scale inventory, scientific reference and educational maps. This article contains the lists of presented vegetation maps, indicating authors and editors’ names. The most interesting maps got short descriptions of scientific approaches to the compilation of legends and their design. The authors note some tendencies in the recent development of vegetation maps. Nowadays more attention is paid to automatic mapping and remote data interpretation, rather than the development of theoretical approaches based on botanical geography, analysis and comparison of various nature maps. Early, vegetation maps aimed to clarify particular features and general vegetation patterns as well as interrelations between vegetation and environmental conditions. Less attention is paid to the development of map legends. Modern vegetation maps are not very informative sometimes. The exhibition of vegetation maps gave an overview of history and development of vegetation mapping in Russia (USSR); it presented the main scientific schools and teams of geobotanical cartographers. Despite the fact that only a part of the maps created over more than 100 years was presented at the exhibition, it demonstrated the enormous contribution made by Russian scientists to thematic mapping.

Российская геоботаника: итоги и перспективы. О работе Всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием, посвященной 100-летию Отдела геоботаники БИН (Санкт-Петербург, 26–30 сентября 2022 г.)

The All-Russian Scientific Conference “Russian geobotany: results and development prospects” was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Department of Geobotany of the Komarov Botanical Institute. The Conference was held September 26–30, 2022 in St. Petersburg (Proceedings…, 2022). 123 geobotanists from 25 cities of Russia participated in the Conference as well as our colleagues from Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Vietnam. The conference activity was held in three main topics: “Vegetation diversity and conservation”, “Structure and dynamics of plant communities”, “Vegetation geography and cartography”. At the plenary session and section meetings 62 oral and 56 poster presentations were presented. Three “round-table” talk sessions were held: two of them were dedicated to the problems of vegetation classification and the last — to the issues of geobotanical terminology. A significant part of the reports at the section “Diversity and protection of plant communities” was devoted to the classification of vegetation. The most part of authors used methods of floristic classification (Brown-Blanquet approach), but general analytic surveys were presented only in some works, and the rest were devoted to regional and local prodromuses of individual unions or to descriptions of lower syntaxa. A significant part of geobotanists follows the traditional principles of the Russian and Soviet school of dominant-determinant classification; the two other approaches to vegetation classification were applied in single reports: topological-ecological and geographical-genetic. Several papers have been devoted to the classification of habitat types. A significant part of vegetation studies have been carried out on the territory of protected areas: nature reserves, sanctuaries, national parks and natural landmarks: from the westernmost — Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus) to the easternmost — the Bastak Reserve (Jewish Autonomous Region) and the Koryak Reserve (Kamchatka Region). Many of the reports at the section “Structure and dynamics of plant communities” concerned the study of vegetation dynamics after anthropogenic impacts, which are the main destabilizing factors of vegetation cover. Very few studies related to climate change have been presented. Several reports analyzed the demographic structure of populations. Few reports were also devoted to the statistical modelling of vegetation dynamics. The modern approach based on the functional characteristics of plants is just beginning to develop in Russian geobotany. Rapidly developing machine learning methods are gradually being introduced into the arsenal of geobotanical science methods — for the purposes of vegetation classification and vegetation mapping. Research in the botanical geography and cartography continues in various regions of our country, in Belarus and Kazakhstan. The positive aspects in cartographic work are the increasing use of remote sensing data and tools for their processing, as well as the compilation of applied maps based on vegetation maps to solve various practical problems. However, a small number of reports were presented in the section “Vegetation geography and cartography”, which may reflect a decrease in interest in this area and a lack of specialists. In addition, it should be noted that very few works devoted to major botanical-geographic generalizations have been carried out in recent decades. Less and less geobotanists are engaged in middle- and small-scale vegetation mapping, which would continue and develop the traditions of the national school of geobotanical mapping and zoning.

中国植被地理学:从传统植被地理学到功能植被地理学

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国植被地理学:从传统植被地理学到功能植被地理学 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202201270262 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31870462）；浙江省"万人计划"项目（2018R52014） Vegetation geography in China: from traditional vegetation geography to functional vegetation geography Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:本文回顾总结了我国植被地理学发展的历史，展望了其从传统植被地理学到功能地理学的未来研究趋势。作为研究植被地理分布规律的一门科学，植被地理学在我国经历了与社会经济发展密切相关的四个阶段：早期起步阶段，主要是新中国成立前（1920年代-1949）的植物地理学和植被地理学的零星工作；初期成长阶段，主要是新中国成立后至改革开放前（1949-1980）的传统植被地理学研究；中期迅速发展阶段，主要包括改革开放后至经济迅速发展时期（1980-2000），在全球气候变化国际研究背景下的植被地理学研究；近期转型与拓展阶段，主要是国民经济平稳发展及信息时代（2000-至今），面向全球环境变化的植被地理学研究的纵深发展。经过近百年的发展，在植被综合区划与生态功能区划、中国植被分类系统订正、中国植被图与植被志编纂、古植被地理学、植被地理模拟预测与情景分析、植物功能性状和生态化学计量学的功能植被地理学等6个方面取得了可喜成果。今后，需要在以下4个方面开展更广泛的精细与纵深研究：加强更多精细化的植被地理学研究，编纂新一代中国植被图与中国植被志；深入开展人类干扰的植被地理学研究；以植物性状研究为契机，拓展宏观功能植被地理学研究；交叉融合谱系植物地理学，开展长期功能植被地理学研究。 Abstract:This paper looked back and summarized the history of the vegetation geography development in China, and looked forward its future research tendencies from traditional vegetation geography to functional vegetation geography. As a science of studying the geographical distribution of vegetation, the China's vegetation geography underwent four phases closely related to the country's socioeconomic development. The first phase is an early stage of start-up before the establishment of the new China (1920s-1949). The main works were a small amount of investigations of plant geography and vegetation geography. The second phase is an initial stage of new growth after the buildup of new China and before the reform and open of the country (1949-1980). During this stage the traditional studies of vegetation geography were still the major contents. The third phase is a mid-term development after the reform and open to the eve of the rapid economic progress (1980-2000). In this stage ecologists focused on some new vegetation geographical research under the global climate change. The last phase is the recent stage of transformation and prolongation in an information era with steady development of the national economy (2000-present). China's vegetation geography came into a new stage of deep growth facing the worldwide environmental changes. During the nearly 100 years, we have gained fascinating achievements in six aspects:the comprehensive vegetation regionalization and ecological function division; revision of vegetation classification of the Chinese vegetation; compilation of vegetation map and vegegraphy of China; palaeovegetation geography; simulation, prediction and scenario analysis of vegetation pattern; and functional vegetation geography based on analyses of plant functional traits and ecological stoichiometry. Hereafter, more finer and deeper research in the following four aspects needs to be paid more attention:strengthening more detailed and elaborated studies on classic vegetation geography; compiling the next-generation vegetation atlas and vegegraphy of China; carrying out the intensive study of anthropogenic vegetation geography; enhancing the investigation of functional vegetation macro-geography taking the plant trait study as an opportunity; and launching the long-term study of functional vegetation geography along with phylogeography in ways of intersection and fusion. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献